Introduction
The purpose of this paper is trying to find out the main strategic priorities for policy makers of the chosen city: Hong Kong, China, to strong and development sustainably the economic and planning over the next 20 years. As the urban economy is a key factor of city planning, so the changing of city economy would affect the social, political and commercial life in a city. This essay would select Hong Kong as a study object to think about policy and planning for a city, which provide a practical exercise that might be encountered in the further under professional practice.
The organization of the paper is as follow. First, it will introduce some foundation of urban economy. Second, the general information about Hong Kong would be presented, including geography, population, history, policy and so on. Third, that will talk about the economy development history in Hong Kong. Forth, it turns to the policy of economy in Hong Kong. Fifth, it will discuss and speculate the further development of Hong Kong on the areas of economy, planning and policy. Seventh, a summary would be sort out.
Basic theory of City Economies
Urban economics is an economic discipline to study the economic relations and its regular pattern of cities under the development process. The main content of basic theory of the urban economy includes urbanization, city size, and internal structure of the urban economy and so on.
As urban economics is also a part of social science, so it subject to be constrained by social and political system. Therefore, under the different social systems, the contents of study will be significant differences. For examples, in the western countries, it mainly studies the markets within the city, and tries to so...
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...system the performance of macro-economic policies, because it is Hong Kong's macroeconomic performance and unlock the current hot issues a key. (Hu, 2005)
Works Cited
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A small fishing island with only 800 people living on it, measuring only 424 miles long, would you have thought that it would become a megacity with a population of 7 million plus(HK GOV) The colonisation of Hong Kong left many positive impacts and truly supported the development of HK and this shows in many ways when Hong Kong was under British Rule. Some of the ways the British aided Hong Kong was the economy, the transportation and even created a system of governance in HK. Without the Britain Hong Kong would not have the same democratic system of governance it has today. (LEGAL HK)
Deng Xiaoping position as a “China’s leader and laid the groundwork for a generation of economic reform. ( Encyclopedia Britannica editors)
The new problems created by the urbanization in superstar cities is what Richard Florida now calls the New Urban Crisis. In this essay, I will provide a brief summary of the book The New Urban Crisis and show how the book is largely U.S-centric which provides a one-directional argument for solving the new urban crisis of superstar cities across the globe. I will also analyze the author’s arguments to uncover any other inconsistencies that might arise while reading the book.
Hong Kong Reading - "The Book of the Year" Through imperialism, British rule encouraged industrialization and modernization which led to visible growth in the economy as the city is described as a trade center and important in manufacturing and banking, which suggests that the industries and businesses prospered. Additionally, the fear of Chinese rule suggests that businesses operated better under British rule, which shows how imperialism improved the lives of the people of Hong Kong compared to the government before imperial rule. The way that citizens of Hong Kong left the colony before it was returned to China further highlights the different effects of British rule and Chinese rule on the people, suggesting that British rule was preferred by the citizens of Hong Kong which is why they left rather than live under Chinese rule. This implies that the colonized people considered Great Britain’s imperialist rule to be better than the government before which was Chinese. This demonstrates that imperialism improved the lives of the colonized people because it helped the economy grow and prosper.
Before 1997, Hong Kong was being the colony of the United Kingdom, politics in Hong Kong is different from the mainland China and it is unique from other countries. After 1997, the sovereignty of Hong Kong is regressed to China, then the Hong Kong politics was under the foundation of ‘One Country Two systems’ and it is regulated by the Basic Law of Hong Kong.
In perspective of just city, even if the principal outcome does not prior to economic benefits but result in improving the quality of environment, the economic limit should be made possible. Review on the case study in Amsterdam, the city planning theory approaches seem applicable to the developing country with the goal of growth equity. These also can be supported by the democracy which involves public participation in decision making process. Therefore, just cities in urban development are more concerned about achieving a fair distribution of benefits for political, social, environment, economy and urban diversity. 5.0 CONCLUSION Based on the review of the three types of planning theory, the city can be seen as the most comprehensive planning theory.
Hong Kong has always remained a very unique city, one which is said to have ‘a Western past, an Eastern future’. Since its colonisation by the British in the 1860s, it has maintained to a very large extent its Chinese identity and its connection to its Motherland, while at the same time, has frequent contact with the Western world, politically, economically, and culturally. Hong Kong’s unique position has made the city a vibrant international metropolis that acts as a bridge between East and West. Yet after it was returned to China in 1997, this former British colony has been constantly reassessing its British past, struggling to find its new position and redefining its identity.
3). Closer Economic Ties … Shortly after the Chinese economic reform, Hong Kong’s role as the international bridge to China has intensified. However the impact of the economic reforms implemented by China was positive for Hong Kong. (Roberto Ignacio Diaz, 2014)
Having regard to the implementation of New Urbanism principles in three different scales, it can be derived some discussions of New Urbanism theory and practice. In the region scale, New Urbanism advocates Sydney Metro strategy in providing additional housing choices to meet people needs and lifestyles. New Urbanism also supports a vibrant place to live and well-connected neighbourhood. New Urbanism seems to be the way to achieve higher density developments by utilizing potential farmland areas in city fringe and regenerating undeveloped industrial lands in inner city.
Again, this section will give a working definition of the “urban question’. To fully compare the political economy and ecological perspectives a description of the “urban question” allows the reader to better understand the divergent schools of thought. For Social Science scholars, from a variety of disciplines, the “urban question” asks how space and the urban or city are related (The City Reader, 2009). The perspective that guides the ecological and the social spatial-dialect schools of thought asks the “urban question” in separate distinct terminology. Respected scholars from the ecological mode of thinking, like Burgess, Wirth and others view society and space from the rationale that geographical scope determines society (The City Reader, 2009). The “urban question” that results from the ecological paradigm sees the relationship between the city (space) as influencing the behaviors of individuals or society in the city. On the other hand...
A general situation of urbanization trend in developing countries and developed countries is increasing. In 18th Century only 3% of the world total population lived in urban areas but as projected in 2000 this number will increase at above 50% (UN as cited in Elliot, 1999, p. 144). According to UN (as cited in Elliot, 1999, p.144), it is figured that the total urban population in developing countries has increased from approximately 400 millions people in 1950 to approximately 2000 millions people in 2000. At the same time, total urban population in developed countries is double...
To conclude, it has been established that housing cost and shortage in Hong Kong is a senior problem, especially for those monthly income below average. It has also been indicated that the government focus on the economy rather than the living quality of Hong Kong citizens. The surveys have delivered that housing cost and shortage in relation to the living quality. Eventually, saving money is an essential issue that people should aware if they want to own a house. For all the above considerations, the government should find a solution that could create a win-win situation. As a result, it will bring less disadvantages to people.
Urbanization (or urbanisation) is the increasing number of people that live in urban areas. Urbanization has been the result of economic growth for most countries. In fact, every developed nation in the world has gone through urbanization and this is no news to Chinese leaders. To turn the nation of China from being a developing nation to a developed nation, China encouraged the migration of citizens from the countryside to move to large cities and fuel the industrializing nation. Though urbanization has been a process many countries have gone through, China’s urbanization plans are very distinct compared to western examples. The main reason for China’s urbanization distinctions is its sheer magnitude and pace. In this paper, we will review this mass migration, the economic growth, China’s environmental concerns (specifically air pollution) due the urbanization and the focus on industrialization, and we will briefly see China’s newest seven year urbanization plan.
In this essay we look in-depth on how government strategies and economic policy play a crucial role in the success of High Performance Asian Economies (HPAEs) during 1960 to 1990 (World Bank 1993).There are eight countries within HPAEs: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. Its economic development has significantly rise that it was name ‘East Asia Miracle’ (World Bank, 1993).
Political Accountability is regarded a necessary condition for all political systems, and can be defined as “a process of being called to account to some authority for one’s actions and involves both answerability and taking responsibility”.