Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Once called the Public Housing capital in the United States, Newark was receiving more money than any other city from the federal government to clear slums and build public housing complexes. People like Louis Danzig who was the head of the Newark Housing Authority (NHA) used the federal funds the city received to destroy low income housing of minorities in Newark, then build public housing on the outskirts of the city putting all the poor minorities in these areas. The police brutalized the cities African-American citizens numerous times with no repercussions. The city was being segregated and African-American Newark residents started to feel more and more marginalized. In 1967 things finally came to ahead as an African-American cab driver was arrested and beat badly by the Newark Police Department and when rumor spread that he had died in police custody. Though the cab driver was in fact brought to the hospital, a group gathered out in front of the police station and started throwing bricks and other objects at the police station. The riot went on for six days and has shaped the image of Newark to this day the riots have given the city a negative appearance that still lingers.
The major factors that led to the Newark riots were numerous urban renewal played a huge role in creating the tension which caused the riots. Louis Danzig the man in charge of clearing the slums in the central ward and providing public housing to those who would be removed from the areas marked for renewal by the city, played a large part in the unraveling of Newark. Danzig was split apart the African-American community in the central ward sending the residents from there all over the city to different public housing projects which were poorly placed an...
... middle of paper ...
...he city and has suffered as a result of losing so much of its tax base to the 1967 riots. The event should be used as a cautionary tale to other cities in transition to be cognizant of demographic changes and represent all of your citizens living within your city.
Works Cited
Bigart, H. (1967, July 16). Newark Riot Deaths at 21. New York Times.
Mumford, L. (1961). The City In History. New York: Houghton Harcourt Publishing Company.
Raab, S. (2008, July 16). The Battle of Newark. Esquire, pp. 69-73; 116-117.
Rutgers University. (2014, 4 6). Events. Retrieved from Newark Riots 1967: http://www.67riots.rutgers.edu/n_index.htm
Smith, D. A. (1996). Third World Cities in Global Perspective: The Political Economy of Uneven Urbanization. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press Inc.
Tuttle, B. R. (2009). How Newark Became Newark. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
The Newark riots of 1967 were very extreme and terrible time in Newark, New Jersey, one of the worst in U.S. history. The riots were between African-Americans and white residents, police officers and the National Guard. The riots were not unexpected. The tension between the city grew tremendously during the 1960's, due to lack of employment for Blacks, inadequate housing, police brutality and political exclusion of blacks from government.
Over the course of time, any person who came to live in the United States faced every system of oppression. It is widely assumed that African Americans were the only race undergoing oppression, when in reality, it was all races who were not white. It is completely overshadowed that Filipinos also suffered racism. After the Spanish-American War, the United States took the Philippines as their own territory. Filipinos in the United States were not considered American citizens, therefore, they did not have the same rights as the average American citizen (Depression Era: 1930s: Watsonville Riots). Many Filipinos such as Carlos Bulosan and active participants in the Labor Union took a stand to gain their rights through forms of literature and peaceful
The Watts riots is one of the most important riots in the many important riots that have occurred in the United States. Thousands of African-Americans, fed up with the horrible police brutality at the time, reacted by battling the police in the streets along with the looting and burning of White-owned stores. The riot was unprecedented, but not unexpected, during a time of great racial tension, with the Civil Rights Movement having become an ever-increasing strain on the country. Police brutality was not the only factor in causing the riot, as there were economic problems in the Black community at the time that also contributed to the unrest. The Watts riot, also known as the Watts Rebellion, influenced riots to come in the decades following
Cincinnati riots of 2001 are some of the greatest reflections of racial discriminations resulting from ineffectiveness of security institutions sparking massive losses and stunted development. These riots pointed the great divide that undercut the American society. The case is a strong indication of unresolved personal feelings of superiority of whites over other people of color. This paper explores unresolved conflicts between blacks and whites using the conflict theory, conflicts for resources, ineffectiveness of institutions and how politics influenced the riots. In addition, the paper analyzes how the problem was resolved and the outcome of deliberations on the issue. It is the view of this paper that conflict from resources and the sense of threat to whites by blacks in the society was the underlying cause of the riots. The paper concludes by reiterating Martin Luther king Junior’s call for the coexistence of all people and their judgment to be based on their characters and not their skin color (Lan, 2009).
...the most significant moments of New York’s history. They resulted into an upward directed attack against the city’s rich and a downward attack against African-Americans. It was a moment were all the city’s secrets and troubles were exposed. At the end of the riots the city had two choices either to continue on with their troubled ways, or to turn around and make some new laws and rules to set the city straight. Even though it would take decades for them to pass some kind of reform to start the changes. The most significant thing about the Draft Riots is that they took this disaster and rather than using this moment to weep and complain about what had happened they turned it into an opportunity for change. Even though these things have happened hundreds of years ago, every moment and memory that occurred is the reason New York is the way it is running now.
On July 27, 1919, a young black man named Eugene Williams swam past an invisible line of segregation at a popular public beach on Lake Michigan, Chicago. He was stoned by several white bystanders, knocked unconscious and drowned, and his death set off one of the bloodiest riots in Chicago’s history (Shogun 96). The Chicago race riot was not the result of the incident alone. Several factors, including the economic, social and political differences between blacks and whites, the post-war atmosphere and the psychology of race relations in 1919, combined to make Chicago a prime target for this event. Although the riot was a catalyst for several short-term solutions to the racial tensions, it did little to improve race relations in the long run. It was many years before the nation truly addressed the underlying conflicts that sparked the riot of 1919. This observation is reflected in many of author James Baldwin’s essays in which he emphasizes that positive change can only occur when both races recognize the Negro as an equal among men politically, economically and socially.
Although traditionally associated with impoverishment in the developing world, informality pervades urbanism in the world’s Global North by defining land use, the economy and social dynamics in public spaces (Tonkiss 2014). In this context, informality refers to extra-legality within the rigid frameworks of the community, space and economy. Informality brings dynamism to urban geography. Tonkiss asserts that informality transcends the North-South divide, driven by both
Many different categories of people contributed to Newark’s violence, including police, National Guard members, residents and outside activists. First, I think residents were forced to get involved in order for their own self protection and there was no escape. Second, I think the outside activists wanted to help make a difference all around the world and couldn't stand watching the crimes anymore. Also, I think the police got involved because of their conflicts with the blacks. Lastly, I think the national guard members got involved because the crime was out of control and they needed more help. Instead of using violence to mitigate the rage, there could’ve been negotiations made.
This ‘city within a city’ was predominantly black between the 1900 and 1948 due to increasing segregation in D.C. during that time. It was the most populated area of restaurants, bars and clubs owned by African- Americans in the city. It wasn’t until the Supreme Court ruled that restrictive real estate based on race was
In Ferguson, Missouri there had been many protest to due to feelings of unrest by the public after fatal shooting of teenager Michael brown by Darren Wilson, a white police officer, on August 9, 2014. Within the protest there were several waves of them. The First wave (August 9, 2014-August 25, 2014) occurred when Michael Brown was shot. The initial protest were very peaceful. During the Second Wave (November 24, 2014- December 2, 2014 after Darren Wilson was not indicted the protest became more and more violent. The Third and Final Wave (August 9, 2015- August 11, 2015) came out of the anniversary of Michael Brown’s death.
In Detroit 1963, Dr. Martin Luther King spoke to a crowd of more than 25,000 people in Cobo Hall telling them “segregation is a cancer in the body politic, which must be removed.” “Rise!” expresses the long road to civil rights during the early 1940s to late 1960s. Segregation conflicts in the United States became intolerable and uncontrollable. The civil rights movement was a popular movement used to protect and demanded African Americans to access equality and opportunities for basic privileges and rights of all U.S. citizens. Although the roots of the movement go back to the 19th century, it peaked in the 1950s and 1960s. African American men and women, along with whites, organized and led the movement at national and local levels. They
In the early tradition of the Chicago School, theorists engaged an urban ecological lens that viewed cities as symbiotic, naturally evolving spaces that expanded through a process of organic succession to generate the organization of city life (Burgess, 1925; Park, 1936). Since the 1960’s, the purview of contemporary urban sociology has shifted to engage a macro-lens that examines how larger social, economic and political factors shape the urban landscape more broadly. Counter to urban ecological theory, these scholars show how the spatial logics of cities and urban inequality are shaped and produced by local/state, national and global political and economic actors (Castells, 1978; Dreier et al. 2004; Gieryn, 2000; Harvey, 2012; Jargowsky, 1997; Logan and Molotch, 1987; Sampson, 2012; Sassen, 2006; Swanstrom et al., Wilson, 1996). Engaging this lens, we then see how the socio-spatial construction of urban spaces directly constructs unequal urban spaces that afford greater opportunities and benefits to some, while diminishing the opportunities of others. In this way, the macro-lens reveals the multiple levels of agency in th...
The wise words of Tim Marshall, that “All leaders are constrained by geography,” reinforces the notion that world events are indeed affected in context to its physiological traits. With the rise of fierce competition for geographic resources, the developed world differs vastly from those that are still developing. Constricted by the institutional structures set by global developed countries due to their fierce industrial competition, lesser developed worlds recede further and further from the economic standards of the world. Influenced by economic outbursts, each respective developed and undeveloped countries form their own urban models due to the restraints of their geography. In current times, there’s been a harsh but true division of resources
The downfall of Detroit occurred in the year of 1967 because of the “demographic and economic losses due to the downturn of the automobile industry” (Trendafilova). It started with the decaying factories, which resulted into the collapsing of the auto industry and created a record-setting unemployment rate.This led to the city’s abandoned homes, dark streets, crime, and complete recession to “the largest municipal bankruptcy in the nations history” (Vitello). The Detroit riots were an addition to this economic downfall. They sparked because of a police raid at an unlicensed bar with a crowd of primarily young African Americans. The violence that occurred that night was said to have created the largest civil disturbance of twentieth century America. The disturbance called for the Detroit police and fire departments, the Michigan State Police, the Michigan National Guard, and US Army to be involved. As a result, this was another aspect of Detroit that was destroyed. With buildings destroyed, and a sense of racism that this event brought about, called for deindustrialization of the city. Many jobs were moving to the communities on the outskirts of the city, and the reasons to stay in Detroit were
There are many differences surrounding the urbanization in the Third World versus urbanization in the First World. Although many of these developing countries are highly urbanized they all share a pattern of uneven development that is much more extreme than that found in the older, developed nations (Gottdiener & Hutchison, 2011, p. 283). According to Smith and Timberlake (1993), the main differences between developed and developing nations are factors such as: elite power, state policies, integration into the global economy, and the effects of class structure.