Email-address: lidiapalha@gmail.com Name of demonstrator: H.Helbert Reaction Equation Summary In this experiment a Grignard reaction was carried out to give the desired reagents: benzyl magnesium chloride. This was achieved by reacting benzyl chloride with magnesium in ether. After the Grignard’s reagents were formed, it was reacted with benzaldehyde in ether to give 1,2-diphenylethanol. The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize 1,2-diphenylethanol via a Grignard reaction
The Grignard reaction is a robust organic synthesis method for creating carbon-carbon bonds. One application of Grignard reagents is their use in activating nitrous oxide, a compound initially thought to be inert towards Grignard reagents—Tskhovrebov, et al. show that primary and secondary aliphatic Grignard reagents readily react with nitrous oxide to form hydrazones.1 Grignard reagents can also be used in cross-coupling reactions (iron) involving alkenyls/aryl carboxylates to create good carboxylate
Abbott Architect ci4100 is an automated diagnostic analyzer that integrates i1000SR immunoassay and clinical c4000 chemistry testing on one platform. This improves the performance and efficiency in the lab. This Architect Analyzer has a maximum throughput of up to 800 chemistry and 100 immunoassay tests per hour. An on- board reagent capacity of 55 chemistry, and 25 immunoassay kits. Load capacity of up to 180 samples that can be continuously loaded and unloaded during the testing process with
known as Grignard reagents (1). General mechanism of organometallic compounds: R^1 CH_2-M + X-CH_2 R^2 → R^1 CH_2-CH_2 R^2 + MX Grignard reagents are among the most important in organic chemistry. The polarization of the bond between the carbon atom and the metal makes the carbon atom a Lewis base. A characteristic property is that the carbon atom is a nucleophile. However, when bonded to more electronegative atoms the carbon acts as an electrophile (1). Grignard reagents are
The experimental Fischer esterification of 8.92g of acetic acid with 5.0g of isopentyl alcohol using concentrated sulfuric acid as a catalyst yielded 4.83g (65.3% yield) of isopentyl acetate. The product being isopentyl acetate was confirmed when the boiling point during distillation had similar characteristics to that of the literature boiling points2. Physical characteristics like color and smell also concluded a match of our product with what was intended. 1H-NMR spectroscopy analysis supported
from Russian Georgia. Melvin Calvin showed an early interest in science, more towards the disciplines of chemistry and physics. At the Michigan College of Mining and Technology (now MTU, Michigan Technical University), Calvin received his Bachelor’s degree in chemistry, making him the 1st chemistry major at the college in 1931. Four years later in 1935 Melvin Calvin received a doctorate in chemistry with his dissertation on the electron affinity of halogen atoms at the University of Minnesota. Later
Analyzing the Products of Substitution Reactions with Alcoholic Compounds Adam Schroeder, Jessica Vecera, Brandon Guth Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, IUPUI, 402 N. Blackford St., Indianapolis, IN 46202 Three different substitution reactions were completed using different alcoholic compounds. Substitution reactions can either be Sn1 or Sn2 depending on the reactive properties of the reactants and catalysts. The reactive properties are also dependent upon the shape and whether
g of NaCl was added. The flask was cooled and the content was transferred into a 250-ml separatory funnel. Then 25.0ml of hexane was added and the mixture was shaken for 5 minutes with occasional venting. The aqueous layer was discarded and the organic layer was left inside. About 25.0ml of 10% NaOH was then added and the mixture was shaken as before. The aqueous layer was collected and then cooled in an ice bath. It was then acidified with enough 6.00 M HCl while the pH is being monitored with
Taylor Boles 010733995 Ethers and Ether Synthesis Ethers are organic compounds characterized by an oxygen. The compounds are bounded by two alkyl or aryl. Ethers look like alcohols and both of these look like water. Within alcohols there is one hydrogen atom replaced of water replaced by alkyl but in ether, hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers are usually nice-smelling and colorless when they are room temperature. Compared to alcohols ethers are less dense and soluble and
the century for organic chemists to begin to focus on utilizing natural compounds for the benefit of medicinal and industrial uses. The discoveries of penicillin, aspirin, and other naturally occurring useful compounds in the earlier parts of the century set the stage for the utilization and exploitation of biologically active compounds as a molecular science. However, there are limits as to how much we can do with what nature provides us. This puts the role of the synthetic organic chemist at the
Oils rich in polyunsaturated fats also contribute vitamin E to the diet, an antioxidant vitamin most Americans need more of.” (SEP Staff (Chemistry of life lesson), Page 1) Although Complex Carbohydrates and Lipids are vital towards strong energy for the body, Proteins in foods such as eggs and meat play a vital role in the living organisms in the body because they are the building blocks for
Chemistry is important to the vital processes in our world: the development of pharmaceutical drugs and the refinery of crude oil for petrol are some of the essential actions from which we benefit in our everyday lives. The theories of Chemistry fascinate me, such as the rate of reaction and percentage yield when utilising le Chatelier's principle in the Haber process. It shows the synthesis of many compounds is never a perfect process, and so there is always room for improvement. I was astounded
The Role Catalysts In Chemical Reactions, Their Importance In Industry, Problems and New Developments OXFORD AND CAMBRIDGE SCHOOLS EXAMINATION BOARD. General Certificate Examination - Advanced Level Chemistry (Salters') - Paper 3 mock. ROBERT TAYLOR U6JW. A Catalyst is a substance that alters the rate of a reaction. The catalyst remains unchanged at the end of the reaction. The process is called catalysis. In this report I aim going to explain the role of catalysts in chemical reactions and their
bond, between a bromide and carbon dioxide. The product was then protonated to form a carboxylic acid, which was identified by obtaining its melting point, and by performing a titration with NaOH to obtain its molecular weight. In organometallic chemistry, carbon is bound to a metal. Usually, carbons are bound to elements that are more electronegative than carbon, and have a partial positive charge, making them electrophilic. When a carbon is bound to a metal, it has a partial negative charge, since
Molar mass is a fundamental and must-know term in chemistry. Anyone who studies chemistry begins the journey with this term. The molar mass of a substance is defined as “the mass of one mole of any substance where the carbon-12 isotope is assigned a value of exactly 12gmol-1. Its symbol is M. Molar mass is important because of its usefulness in various calculations. To chemistry students, it is a tool to solve many problems and exercises, as molar mass can be used to calculate the mass or the amount
the environment of the modern world. The sheer range of applications where chemistry is involved inspires me to contribute, while learning, unlocking why everything behaves the way it does. With the hydrogen fusion project in construction and the recent use of hydraulic fracturing which has caused environmental and social dispute, I chose to undertake the extended project qualification related to this, energy, as chemistry leads these efforts. In my EPQ, I discuss whether hydrogen fuel cells are the
Introduction: Acetanilide (chemical formula C8H9NO) is an important chemical which has a wide variety of uses in many different substances. It is commonly used in the manufacturing of colored dyes and fabrics, and as a reagent in the production of rubber. Acetanilide is also incredibly valuable because of its use in pharmaceuticals. It is a main building block in the synthesis of penicillin, which is an important antibiotic used to treat a variety of bacterial infections such as syphilis; pneumonia
1. Introduction Heterocyclic chemistry is the branch of chemistry dealing with the synthesis, properties and applications of heterocycles. The name comes from the greek word “heteros” which means “different”. Any of a class of organic compounds whose molecules contain one or more rings of atoms with at least one atom (the heteroatom) being an element other than carbon, most frequently oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur [1]. The most common heterocycles are classified in aliphatic and aromatic molecule.
used, in this case there are two ways to adjust reagent concentrations to force isopentyl alcohol to become isopentyl acetate. One way is to remove product as it forms. The other way is to use a large excess of acetic acid. This experiment is based on the latter approach, but it raises two issues. We can use excess acetic acid only if acetic acid is cheap, and if unreacted acetic acid can be removed easily from the product mixture (Organic chemistry lab. Manual, p32). In this lab had to use acid-
brown precipitate might have formed). Below is a diagram of the positive test result: ii. Our second test to perform was a chromic acid test, to test for the presence of alcohols. We mixed in acetone, our unknown, and some of the chromic acid reagent. After mixing, our initial orange color changed to a blue-green hue pretty quickly; this indicates a positive test result. Because we had a positive test result, this indicates the presence of primary and secondary alcohols in our unknown. If our