is still being focused on its pathogenesis to gain a better understanding of the disease. Research done by Wider and Luthi-Carter (2006) shows that the main pathological causes of Huntington’s are atrophy and gliosis of the caudate nucleus and the putamen, which become noticeable and statistically significant around ten years prior to disease onset. The research completed by Wider and Luthi-Carter (2006), also shows a significant loss of GA... ... middle of paper ... ...2013) chose to only use
faces. This accurately resembles the state in which most patients of that disorder are left under. One of the key components damaged in EL is the Basal Ganglia (BG). A major structure in the BG is the Caudate Putamen, which extends into the temporal lobe and amygdala. If the caudate putamen is damaged there is unwanted choreiform (writhing and twitching). Damage to the substantia nigra results in hyperkinetic symptoms seen with EL patients as well as Parkinsonism. Likewise a major projec... ..
Love and hate are two of the strongest emotion a person has for two seemingly very different reasons. These two emotions are classified as total opposites, but I believe that they are closer than one might expect even though they have very different connotations. Love is classified as the stereotypical eccentric and bubbly emotion with a fairly positive connotation. When you feel love, you feel like you are walking on air and you don’t understand it but all you know is that you are feeling the
What do we know about the effects bilingualism has on cognitive development? Our world is becoming progressively bilingual; in the US 21% of school age children between the ages of 5-17 years old can speak other than English at home and this number is expected to increase in the coming years. On top of social reasons, the positive effects to the cognitive development of the brain when introduced to a second language are of many. The age of acquisition is vital due to the plasticity of the brain,
Multitasking negatively affects learning. MORE. Foerde, Knowlton, and Poldrack (2006) observed the effects of distraction on learning. In the study, 14 participants aged 18 to 45 years old predicted the weather based on a sequence of color cues during the single task condition (ST). During the dual task condition (DT), participants also heard high and low-pitched tones and kept count of the high tones. During the ST and DT, the participants’ brains were scanned using fMRI. The participants were
Introduction Drug abuse is a constant inappropriate use of drugs which is self-administrated that can cause one divergence from the social norms. This abuse usually turns into a long-term addiction. Despite of dependence, the process of relinquishing oneself from the addiction become difficult due to the Physical dependence. In reality, drug addiction is a complex disease and it is not easy to quit. Drug addiction is a chronic disease due to the fact that it affects regrowth of new brain cells. The
Introduction: There has been great debate that men and women think differently and because of this theory each gender struggles to understand one another. This research project will discuss the different findings and experiments that were done to prove the differences in the male and female brain. It will show evidence of similarities and differences between the two genders and also answer many questions that have been asked, such as why women struggle with directions and why men struggle to remember
Paragraph one intro-What is the origin of this universal feeling known as love? It all starts with the history of love. There really is no marked beginning of this feeling that has no evidence of its existence. It could have begun scientifically with Neanderthals, or even religiously with Adam and Eve-the theories and stories are endless. Some psychiatrists claim it begins with the Oedipal suppression, where the son feels a form of love for their mother just as their daughter would feel the same
Role of Protein kinase CK2 in Central Nervous System Role of the CK2 in the CNS is not fully understood but CK2 appears to play an important role memory and learning (Girault, Hemmings et al. 1990) . CK2 is present and widely distributed in human and is essential for cell survival. It does not appear to be oncogenic by itself, but it acts as a suppressor of apoptosis and elevated levels have been associated proliferation and growth in normal and cancer cells (Ahmad, Wang et al. 2005). Limbic
Pornography, Affect On Brain, Negative, and Addiction Pornography’s Negative And Addictive Affect On The Brain Jon Caplan Mass College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences According to a news article published by Fox News and written by Tia Ghose, Playboy magazine, an adult magazine offering pornographic images of ladies, will no longer be including pictures of naked women in their publications. Though the decision was made mostly due to the uprise in Internet pornography providing an easier, more
while an entorhinal cortex depicts linear shrinkage (Raz, Lindenberger et al. 2005). Another two years study manifested significant shrinkage in Cerebellum, Orbital Frontal Cortex. A no mean shrinkage was observed in LPFC, Prefrontal Cortex, White, Putamen, Caudate Nucleus, Primary Visual Cortex. A dynamic equilibrium of structural changes in the brain can lead to angiogenesis, which is a development of new blood vessels. It can also cause axon expansion. Neurogenesis which is a phenomena that generates
Reward motivation has been experimented on many times, one example is Klein, Erchul, and Pridemore’s study on the Affects of individual verses cooperative learning and type of reward on performance and continuing motivation, this study tested the affect that 1 of 3 rewards had on the participants task and the response on the post-test. Being told that you are going to get a reward for achieving a task that seems very effortless is an easy way to get a free prize, but does the promise of a reward
The person’s relations to other human being shape his/her social identity (Husselkus, P.103). Also, social engagements through direct human contact contribute to developing empathetic relationships with other human beings Putamen (2000 in Husselksus ). Although the diagnosis of autism influences the Julia’s ability to form relationships with others, the intervention will provide Julia opportunities for social engagement in the classroom. Occupations provide opportunities
Since Bipolar Disorder involves the cycling between two different states of mania and major depression, there are many different etiological factors in play. The neurotransmitters that are involved in this disease are serotonin, norepinehrine and dopamine. There has been some preliminary research involved with glutamate as well. In patients with the depressive portion of Bipolar Disorder, Serotonin levels were found to be lower than healthy, non-depressed patients (Young, Warsh, Kish, Shannak &
Introduction Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized mainly by physical and psychological disabilities. This disorder was named after James Parkinson, an English physician who first described it as shaking palsy in 1817 (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). Jean- Martin Charcot, who was a French neurologist, then progressed and further refined the description of the disease and identified other clinical features of PD (Goetz, Factr, and Weiner, 2002). PD involves
Stroke is a clinical syndrome produced by acute interruption of the normal blood flow to an area of the brain. This then causes the brain to lose important nutrients as well as oxygen which will prevent it to keep functioning up to par. This is a consequence from a thrombosis, intracranial hemorrhage, or embolism, which causes vascular insufficiency. The outcome is persistent dysfunction related to the affected structures. There are many ways that strokes may occur, they can be cardiogenic or hemorrhagic
dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, is the principal biochemical alteration in Parkinson disease. Symptoms in basal ganglia disorders result from an imbalance of dopaminergic (inhibitory) and cholinergic (excitatory) activity in the caudate and putamen of the basal ganglia. Parkinson disease begins after the age of 40 years, with peak age of onset between 58 and 62 years. It is slightly more prevalent in males. This disease is one of the most prevalent of the primary CNS disorders and a leading
neurotransmitter dopamine” (Webb & Adler, 2008, p. 296). This disease is yet to have a known cause, although researchers are working hard in search of one. In other words, Parkinson’s disease is described as a dopamine deficiency in the caudate nucleus and the putamen (Webb & Adler, 2008, p. 176), and an excess amount of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter. There is no answer as to why there is a breakdown of these nerve cells that cause Parkinson’s disease. Researchers are pointing to genetic and environmental
Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) was first described in 1900 by Dejerine and Thomas. OPCA is a group of dominant inheritance and sporadic neurological disorders characterized by a chronic, progressive, cerebellar ataxia that begins in middle age. The cerebellum and its connections are the primary sites of the disease in chronic progressive disorders that often occur in familial or hereditary patterns. Postmortem studies indicate an atrophy of the cerebellum, pons
The participation in leisure activities, such as dance, is related with a reduced risk of development of dementia, both Alzheimer's disease and vascular dementia (Verghese et al., 2003). Dementia is “a general term that describes a group of symptoms-such as loss of memory, judgment, language, complex motor skills, and other intellectual function-caused by the permanent damage or death of the brain's nerve cells, or neurons” (Alzheimer’s Foundation of America [AFA], 2015, para 1). Alzheimer’s disease