(b) the expressionist, (c) and the philosopher of “aesthetic experience”. Which perspective, if any, do you find most convincing? I chose a piece by Francis Bacon, an Irish artist born in 1909, called the Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X. (a) From the point of view of a formalist, this piece would be examined in different perspectives such as the dark tones, shapes, and lines that the piece has, to the context and reasons of why Bacon decided to paint it as a re-modernization
Galileo, Science, and the Church by Jerome J. Langford Science and the church, two things that you would not ordinarily think would go together until until Galileo came along. Galileo, a man that stuck his head out to the world, but especially to the church, when maybe he should have done things a little differently. This particular book shows many accounts of the troubles between Galileo and the church, and with other bystanders. The book goes through the ups and downs of Galileo and the church
Adam Fouché-Thompson Malagon, Jorge WOH2012 4/14/14 The Rise and Fall of the Cathars The Cathars were a very peaceful group that adopted a life of extreme devotion. Both men and women could become "parfaits". "Parfaits" referred to people who were seen by the Catholic Church as "perfect heretics". They renounced the world and abstained from eating meat and having any sexual contact. The Cathars lived in poverty. The men would travel and preach, and they earned money by cloth making, and shepherding
beliefs and behaviors. These hunts and trials were often sanctioned by high ranking members of the church. One such high ranking supporter was Pope Innocent VIII, who not only acted as the approving authority, but also encouraged the trials to take place in order to cleanse the world of heretics and nonbelievers. With such strong supporters as Pope Innocent VIII, it is no wonder that others began creating their own guides outlining exactly
said, “Sooner of later, man has always had to decide whether he worships his own power or the power of God.” In regards to the Crusades, the popes in charge chose to worship their own power – yet they got thousands of Europeans to worship the power of God. The Crusades were a series of campaigns in which Europeans tried to take the Holy Land from the Muslims. Pope Urban II headed the First Crusade, which lasted from 1096 to 1099, after he received a request for military aid from Alexios I. Alexios I
St. Francis of Assisi was born in Umbria in the year 1182. He was a child every father hoped for, he was filled with life, a determined and courageous individual. He was gifted with rather good looks, qualities that attracted friends and a gift of leadership. His father was an extremely wealthy merchant in Assisi. But this son, his favourite, was the one who broke Peter Bernardone’s heart. The boy turned on his father, and in a vicious event that eventually resulted into a public scene. St. Francis
noble character and a "brilliant and widely cultured mind". His reputation of director of consciences and spiritual guide granted him the admiration and esteem of all kinds of people among whom was Cardinal Benedict Odescalchi who later became pope Innocent XI. At his arrest those who new him close were very distressed. His servants kissing his feet and calling his "a saint" where convinced that all was a mistake. When all this took place in 1685 Molinos was fifty-seven years old, (he was born in
Saint Francis of Assisi (1181-1226) and Saint Bernard of Clairvaux (1090-1153) though they were not Contemporaries and were born into different countries and both had very different approaches in their responses to God's call. However, each are credited with the rebuilding of Christ's church on a large scale. Saint Francis was born in Italy to a wealthy family of silk merchants almost thirty years after Saint Bernard's death. Saint Bernard was born into a family of nobility in Burgundy, France both
Pope Innocent III began a sequence of changes that influenced the face of secular and ecclesiastical Europe through careful use of law and political manipulation. It has been remarked that the papacy acquired and retained the most power under the leadership of Pope Innocent III during the late 12th and early 13th centuries. I plan to examine sources primarily pertaining to the Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 and secondly to a collection of Innocent III’s papal letters. In my analysis, I hope to draw
The Fourth Crusade and Fifth Crusade, both of which were initiated by Pope Innocent III, ended in failure. The reasons that these crusades were both unsuccessful are because of the Papacy’s lack of power, influence, and support, the widespread heresy at the time that caused discord and conflict amongst the Christians, as well as poor or illogical decision making by those in power. In 1198 the recently elected Pope Innocent III began preaching for another Crusade that would attempt to regain control
and self-centred. The already corrupt Papacy reached its crucial depths during the rule of Pope Alexander VI, who abused his power within the church. He was a pope bent on political and material triumph. It was no secret that Cesare, his son, was a murderer and killed many of his political opponents. As pope, they are granted outstanding privileges. Pope Leo X utilized nepotism to guarantee his position as pope. He also used up the papal treasury with his extravagant lifestyle and projects. To free
aspired to be the arbiter of Europe. He threw England’s influence on the side of the Holy Roman emperor, Charles V, in the latter’s rivalry with Francis I of France. He expected thereby to enlist the emperor’s aid for his own aspirations to become pope. Wolsey maintained the kings favour until he failed to secure an annulment of Henry’s first marriage. From1527-1529, as Anne Boleyn’s influence rose, Wolsey waned. She disliked the cardinal because of his interference in her earlier engagement
write a letter in order to smooth over the tension between Luther and Pope Leo X. This was prior to Luther learning of Exsurge, Domine, the document that contained the excommunication of Luther. After learning of his excommunication, Luther was reluctant to write this letter. However, he agreed to write it along with a small booklet that would become the document On the Freedom of a Christian. (Goebel, ed 156) In the letter to Leo X, Luther gave an account of his struggles with the Roman Catholic Church
Public ritual in Renaissance Florence involved many actors and took many forms.1 They could be civic rituals performed by the citizens of the city, or popular rituals where anyone could participate. They could also originate in the private sphere and were made available to the public.2 Public rituals had various purposes, but most importantly, they reproduced hierarchies which conditioned the organisation of power within the Florentine polity, and ensured civil peace and harmony.3 This was particularly
Medici, il Magnifico (the Magnificent) (1449-1492), the Florentine Republic's ingenious statesman, supporter of the Neoplatonic Academy and patron of the arts. He was also the nephew of Giovanni di Lorenzo de' Medici (1475-1521), eventually elected Pope Leo X (r. 1513-21). Lorenzo II's uncle is best remembered for granting Cardinal Albrecht of Brandenburg (1490-1545) permission to sell indulgences (remissions from the temporal punishment in purgatory for sins already absolved by the Church) in the lands
After becoming the Pope, Pope Leo X paid no attention to the dangers threatening the papacy, and gave himself into amusing his people (History of Popes). He loved to give banquets and host elaborate dinners night after night, one of his guests wrote to his family, “The meal was exquisite, and there was an endless selection of dishes, for we had sixty-five courses,” (The Medici Popes, PBS). Pope Leo X also hired more than seven hundred servants to take care of the papal household, which mostly included
Twin themes occurred in Roman history known as renovatio imperrii and renovatio Romae that brought about much change and the popes throughout this period of time made sure they were a part of the changes being brought about. During this time we see papal propaganda beginning to take place while the popes such as Julius II, Leo X, Paul III, Sixtus V, and Paul V try to exhibit their power. The Renaissance was very important for Rome, and the renovatio imperrii as well as the renovatio Romae had great
was a very heretical belief that corrupted Christian churches. This essay will explain how Pope Pius X combated Jansenism. The first paragraph will explain what Jansenism is. The second and third Paragraphs explain what he did to help people live better spiritual lives, to explain to the church what the Eucharist was for, and the results that came out of it. The fourth paragraph tells other ways Pope Pius X combated Jansenism. Jansenism was a belief that portrayed God as a “dictator” who punished
deceased brother. A papal dispensation was required for the marriage. It was easily obtained from Pope Julius II. Henry VII died before the marriage took place but Henry VIII immediately married Catherine once he became King. Many people involved questioned the validity of this dispensation. Catherine's mother, Isabella did not like the idea of her daughter being remarried and requiring a document from the Pope to have it done. But, once Henry VII died and Henry VIII proceeded with the marriage, no one
Conan Doyle argued that “Next to the Christ the highest spiritual being of whom we have any exact record upon this earth is the girl Jeanne" (Denis 5). Her fearlessness and devotion to God has been praised by iconic figures such as Winston Churchill, Pope Benedict XVI and Mark Twain. Her accomplishments are immortalized in history books, art and pop culture. Unlike any other, Joan stands as a feminist leader and an inspiration to all Christians. Jehanne Romee, later known as Joan of Arc, was born