Digital representation provides better efficiency and accuracy of copying, storing and distributing content via the internet. This improvement of digital technology helped the data to easily duplicated and rapidly delivered to a big number of users with minimum expense. This technology has become the most popular way to distribute multimedia content. Digital Right Management (DRM) is a technology used by publishers, copyright holders to restrict the illegal media conception, copying and redistribution
For secure communication between the sender and receiver, the sender (conventionally called Alice) will apply the encryption function to the actual message P (the plaintext), and pass on the resulting cipher text C = E (P) over the anxious channel. Once the cipher text (C) is received by the anticipated recipient (called Bob), the plaintext is mended by computing D(C) = P. Different kind of encryption techniques is as follows. Symmetric Key Cryptography: Symmetric Encryption is a one of the technique
process that transforms the given information (the plaintext) into a seemingly meaningless form (the ciphertext) using a mathematical algorithm and some secret information (the encryption key). The process of decryption revokes this transformation using a mathematical algorithm, in conjunction with some secret value (the decryption key) that reverses the effects of the encryption algorithm. An encryption algorithm and all its possible keys, plaintexts and cipher texts is known as a cryptosystem or cryptographic
also called attackers (The Basics of Cryptography) “There are two kinds of cryptography that will stop unauthorized personal from reading sensitive files. Cryptographic strength is measured in the time and resources it would require recovering the plaintext. The result of strong cryptography is ciphertext that is very
encryption interprets data into a different form, or cryptograph, so that a person holding a secret key (i.e. a decryption key) or password can access that data. The encrypted data is known as cipher text, whereas the unencrypted data is termed as plaintext. Presently, encryption is considered as one of the most effective data security technique and is widely used by a number of organizations for the purpose of secure and reliable transmission of data containing secret information. Asymmetric encryption
This chapter provides an overview of cryptography concept. It`s required to encrypt and maintain confidentiality of the information to be transmitted over the network. This is achieved through cryptography. Cryptography plays a vital role in securing the information when transmitted across the network. It helps in maintaining the integrity of the information stored on the network. Thus, security is one of the important concepts to be explored in the world of network security. Some of the security
Steganography is basically made from two greek words steganos and grapter.steganos means covered and grapter means writing so steganography means “covered writing”.steganography is writing the secret message.The goal of steganography is to hide the text by installed messages in objects such as digital images, audio,video or text files.The other area of steganography is a copyright marking where the message is inserted to copyright over a document. steganography and watermarking portray routines
The ever evolving method of cryptography, or sending messages through code, can be traced throughout the history of the world. Early Egyptians communicated through mysterious hieroglyphics. Ancient Greeks concealed secret messages beneath wax on tables or with tattoos on a slave’s head. During the Renaissance in Europe, citizens would use a substitution cipher to carry messages about political and religious revolutions. During World War I and previous battles, most countries used codes to contact
Cryptography Part one---Why do we need to learn cryptography Now is a time which the information is extremely development. A lot of datas are stored by the form of electronic messages. The transmission of the information is often through electronic medium such as mobile phone communication, electronic commerce, the on-line chat service etc. Unfortunately, those way of transmit the information are not safe. The message that we delivered is possible be stolen or monitored. If we have no appropriate
security” only happens when a shift cipher is used on a single letter of plaintext and no more. If practicality is being considered, then this is not an efficient use of enciphering a message. It simply isn’t practical to send a single encrypted letter. In order to understand the insecure encryption of a shift cipher, it must first be understood how a shift cipher encrypts a message. The way a shift cipher works is that a letter in plaintext, is replaced by another letter from the alphabet. When using the
In this era when the Internet provides essential communication between tens of millions of people and is being increasingly used as a tool for security becomes a tremendously important issue to deal with, So it is important to deal with it. There are many aspects to security and many applications, ranging from secure commerce and payments to private communications and protecting passwords. One essential aspect for secure communications is that of cryptography. But it is important to note that while
purpose of sending secret messages there was introduced encryption. As encryption get developed few technique were standardized. They are; Substitution cipher Transposition cipher Product cipher 4.1.1 Substitution cipher Replacing each element of the plaintext into another element is called as substitution cipher. The most famouse is the Ceaser cipher which was invented by Julius Ceaser. Each letter is replaced by the letter three positions further down the alphabet. (Lai, 2010) Plan text: ceaser cipher
In Today’s world, with the increasing popularity of several types of internet and communication technologies more information is transmitted over the network, due to which the security of the content being transmitted becomes one of the important issue which should be taken into consideration. The content being transmitted may be digital data, images, text, etc. So to prevent this digital data to be interfered and forged by unauthorized parties is one of the most critical demands in computer’ era
EBCDIC are used to create data that is publicly shared. With encryption, when you first put in a message, its goes in as plaintext. Plaintext is the text in its original form when it has not been encrypted. A message that has been encrypted is known as ciphertext. The process of converting plaintext to ciphertext is known as encryption. The process of changing ciphertext into plaintext is known as decryption (Parsons 328). In order to encrypt a message you need to use a cryptographic algorithm key
important information. This helps out greatly especially when E-Commerce is being used. Encryption converts a message in such as way that its contents are hidden from unauthorized readers. It is intended to keep messages and information as a secret. Plaintext, also known as clear text, is the plain or original message, which is has not yet been encrypted. Once the message is encrypted it is then called a cipher text. This process is obviously referred as encryption. The exact opposite process is called
In conclusion, we’ve gone through three machines that helped shape cryptography not only during World War II, but helped shape the science as a whole for future years. We’ve seen advancements, in mathematics, from both encryption and decryption, plaintexts and ciphertexts. Enigma, although it started as a three rotor device advanced to eight rotors, “Purple” was a finished product of years of experimental cipher machines, and the Lorenz Cipher, got it’s start from Vernam. Technology builds on each
Japan's Purple Machine Codes and ciphers have played many crucial roles in the past 3000 years, protecting the secrets of caesars and laymen. In World War II numerous nations used cryptographic systems to conceal their secret intentions and plans from the spying eyes of enemies everywhere. Cryptanalysts, however, undeterred by the complexity of the crypto-systems, worked diligently, trying to find any sort of weakness that would allow a break into the cipher and expose the secrets contained within
Image compression and encryption has been a great area of interest since images are being used as one of the most valuable information source in many areas like medical application, military application, space science application and many more. There are three types of image namely binary image, grayscale image and colour image. Binary image has only two intensity levels black and white, whereas grayscale images have 256 intensity level and colour images have various colour map each of which have
to perform tasks such as executing commands and transferring files. It was designed in 1995 as a means to replace less secure protocols like rlogin and telnet. The problem with these protocols is that information, including passwords, is send as plaintext (Rosasco, & Larochelle, 2003). SSH addresses this issue by encrypting traffic sent between the devices. Even with these improvements in security, the original version of SSH, referred to as SSH1 or SSH-1, was not without its own vulnerabilities.
CIA Triad? Sounds like a secret organization doesn’t it? It almost feels like people are going to come to a screeching halt in your driveway, jump out and take you away, never to be seen again. Sounds very scary. Good thing for us that is not going to happen. Lets get to the point. Information is defined as raw data, which includes words, numbers, value etc. It includes analytical and Factual information. Security is defined as the prevention of intentional harm. The CIA Triad is structure of policies