4.1 Classical Encipher Techniques
For the purpose of sending secret messages there was introduced encryption. As encryption get developed few technique were standardized. They are;
Substitution cipher
Transposition cipher
Product cipher
4.1.1 Substitution cipher
Replacing each element of the plaintext into another element is called as substitution cipher.
The most famouse is the Ceaser cipher which was invented by Julius Ceaser. Each letter is replaced by the letter three positions further down the alphabet. (Lai, 2010)
Plan text: ceaser cipher technique
Alphabet: a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Cipher albhabet: d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z a b c
Chiper Text: fhdvhu flskhu whfkqltxh
In using Ceaser Cipher, was easily predicted by having only a small piece of the cipher text. So that Ceaser had to protect even the cipher text. It was kept easy way so that any one can quickly send a meesage in no time. Making the cipher text harder the algorithm had to be taken with the messanger for decryption so there was a big risk in loosing one messager will make all the cipher text to get deciphered by the enimies. So Ceaser made his algorithm easy and simple. (Pfleeger & Pfleeger, 2007)
4.1.2 Transposition cipher
Rearranging the order of elements in the plaintext is known as Transposition cipher. (Lai, 2010)
Columnar transposition is way of arranging plaintext charactors in cloumn wise.
Here is a sample paintext which been put into 4 cloumns. On creation of 4 column they were created raw by raw. When reading it, was read column wise so that its hard to pridict while the number of the columns are unknown. Also to make it more harder the way of reading was chaged rather than reading from first to ...
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...0: Generated keys
Encryption
A user will be selecting a text file to be encrypted. For the completion user will have to select the key pair, private key of the user and public key of the receiver who will decrypt this message. Figure 21, 22 and 23 are evidence of process.
Figure 21: Encryption process
Figure 22: Test text file used for encryption
Figure 23: Encryption output
Decryption
Same as for encryption, decryption process will also need of the private and public keys of both users (private of the receiver who is going to decrypt and public of sender who encrypted the message). The encrypted message will be also located by the user. After providing a location to save the decrypted text, the process will create the file at that location in name of Decipher_text.txt as mention above.
Figure 24: Decryption process
Figure 25: Deciphered text file
Coding and encryption were two very important elements in the use of espionage. Enigmas were cipher machines that were based mainly on a wired code wheel. The wired code wheel, known more commonly as a rotor, would be shaped similar to a hockey puck made of non-conductive material, such as rubber, and have two sides, an input plate and an output plate and around the circumference are 26 evenly spaced electrical contacts. The 26 contacts on the input plate would be connected by wired through the body of the rotor to the 26 contacts on the output plate. An alphabet ring would then be placed around the rotors 26 contacts therefore creating a cipher alphabet.
What is encryption? Encryption is a technological technique that protects and secures the transfer of plain text information between two sources through the use of the internet. This is done by rearranging the text using a mathematical algorithm that renovates the message into an indecipherable form, which can only be unlocked and translated with a use of a key. The strength of the encryption key is measured by its length, which is determined by the number of bits and by the type of encryption program.
This type of encryption key administration is to create an extra key for decoding the data and is kept secure in escrow by an authorised 3rd party. We can also call this as a backup key or split-key. This kind of encryption method is been using to recover the data if a user forgot the password.
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S A N P E T R O N I O : C O M P O S I N G -
The RSA encryption is related to the cipher of Julius Caesar (1300s) that shifts three letters to encode messages. The cipher of Julius Caesar was used in war to send messages securely. Here is how Caesar encodes his message using the cipher. First Caesar assigned A through Z to 0 through 25. For instance A is zero. Second, add three to each numbers.
ABSTRACT : This paper describes the basic threats to the network security and the basic issues of interest in designing a secure network. it describes the important aspects of network security. A secure network is one which is free of unauthorized entries and hackers. INTRODUCTION
Over the course of Human evolution people have been coming up with new and inventive ways to communicate with one another. Some of the earliest evidence of human communication is in a cave in France. In 1940 researchers found paintings from the Paleolithic area showing humans communicating by hunting in a systematic fashion(Boundless textbook) . This shows just how far back people have been trying to work together. Now jumping forward to 2016 people today have amazing technologies that will allow them to get in touch with loved ones overseas in a matter of minutes. But how exactly did we go from drawing pictures on our walls to hi-speed internet? Well one man’s invention revolutionized the industry of communication allowing generations to
Codes have been around for centuries ranging from wax, invisible ink, Morse code, the Enigma used by the Germans during World War II and now steganographic. Steganography is the latest form to insidiously hide information over the Internet without a trace of a file being altered. You are able to hide messages within images, voice or music. Steganography is an ancient method of hiding messages. Today messages are hidden in images and music. Steganography can be traced back to the ancient Greek who would write messages on tablets and cover them in wax. This made the tablets look blank and unsuspicious (Kolata, F4). Citizens of ancient civilizations would tattoo messages on their shaved heads. They would then let their hair grown in and travel across enemy lines to deliver the message (Seper, G1). During World War II the Allies placed a ban on flower deliveries with dates, crossword puzzles and even report cards (Kolata, F4) for fear of a message being hidden with in. Steganographers first alter their data by using encryption and then place the image into a pre-select image. Steganographers look for a piece of code that would be the least significant and look the least altered to the human eye (Kolata, F4), being as inconspicuousness and random as possible. This makes the messages undetectable unless you knew that there is a message hidden and you were able to crack the code.
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