Physostigmine is a white crystalline alkaloid extracted from the beans of Physostigma Venenosum plant. The poisonous effects of Physostigma Venenosum have been known since nineteenth century. William Freeman Daniel was the first scientist who observed the first use of calabar beans. He traveled to Africa with a exploring discovering mission. Somehow, he ended up at the Old Calabar near the Niger river. He observed the people, the culture, they way of life that they were lived in, and government.
the VMAT and permanently stops the acceptance of monoamines into the secretory vesicles. Reserpine is used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic agent. It reduces blood pressure by decreasing amines in adrenal chromaffin granules. Physostigmine Physostigmine is a drug used for the treatment of severe anticholinergic syndrome. Such as nervous delirium, urinary reten...
Animal studies play a major role in understanding human behaviour as it provides an insight into human behaviour. Although, such studies raise multiple ethical considerations. In any research study conducted, benefits versus risks must be considered and if the benefits are not great then the risk is usually unjustified. The two ethical considerations that will be focused on in this essay are the irreversible damage and invasive procedures used on the animals and the stress induced on them during
Humanity has come a long way from our first steps on this Earth with accomplishments such as medicine, industries, factories, etc... Not too long ago though, a new type of method called for developing resources called “synthesization” took the chemistry field by storm with the creations made possible like never before. Certain individuals, such as Percy Lavon Julian, have used the method of synthesization to explore new ways of creating limited or rare resources. Percy Lavon Julian was an African
that he sold it in 1961 to Smith, Kline and French pharmaceutical company (“Percy Lavon Julian”African American Firsts in Science & Technology). He had his company and sold it to people that would do well. Percy Lavon Julian created artificial physostigmine. This drug decreases eye pressure in people with glaucoma. It is also used to treat swelling in the brain, skin and kidney disease (“Percy Lavon Julian” World of Chemistry). He came up with discoveries that helped people and that are still helping
Explain how one principle of the biological level of analysis may be demonstrated in one empirical study or theory Biological Level of Analysis (BLOA) deals with biological adaptations at a biological level. BLOA states that cognitions, emotions and behaviours have a physiological basis to all of them. There are 3 main principles that revolve and outline the BLOA. Foremost, Behaviour is innate, as it is genetically based, so it rational to conclude that behaviour is genetically influenced by evolution
“All things are poisons; there is none which is not a poison. The right dose differentiates a poison and a remedy” (Jickells & Negrusz, 2012). In today’s society, the use and abuse of drugs can be seen in all populations and generations. The desire to obtain euphoria is a driving force in the abuse of drugs. The most prevalent drugs are plant based or synthetic counterparts; cannabis, cocaine, diamorphine, or heroin. As drugs become main stream, the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is set with
Mrs. Jones, 78 years old, arrived in the emergency department (ED) via ambulance. She was alert and oriented, but was having episodes of lost consciousness. She was put on the cardiac monitor and her vital signs were obtained. Her cardiac rhythm was normal. Her vital signs were as follows: Temperature 97.3°F, Pulse 43, respirations 26, blood pressure 100/58 and O2 saturation of 94% on room air. Additionally, Mrs. Jones was vomiting and had 2 loose, incontinent stools. She was pale, cool to touch