The Bombing of PAN AM Flight 103 PAN AM flight 103, taxied down London’s Heathrow airport at approximately 6:04 P.M., on December, 21st, 1988 en-route to New York City (Rosenburg, 2014). With 243 passengers and 16 crew members, “Clipper 103” as it was identified, had no clue they had roughly 38 minutes to live (Rosenburg, 2014). As the crew approached the oceanic portion of the flight the pilot requested permission from the tower to proceed with their journey over the Atlantic Ocean. This was the
account for some 80% of all attacks, terrorist attacks directed toward airlines or air vehicles are less than 2%. For this reason many such threats are discounted or its relevance to put resources toward investigating. Prior to the attack on Pan Am Flight 103, intelligence data received was disseminated however, no high level officials were directly involved in the security measures required to thwart the event. December 21, 1988 was a day when the consequences of complacency would be felt by the
took drastic measures. On December 21, 1988, the Pan American flight 103 was bombed as a result of these long standing tensions between the United States and Libya. On this day in the month of December, the Pan Am flight 103 was bombed mid flight, during its trip from London to New York. According to the British Broadcasting Corporation, this act would become “the worst single act of terrorism ever witnessed in the UK” (BBC,1). Prior to the Pan Am leaving London's Heathrow airport, someone had sent
from Pan Am 103 and the Tokyo Subway ABSTRACT: Terrorists were very active long before September 11. This essay reviews the 1988 downing of Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie, Scotland and the March 1995 gas attack in the Tokyo subway. The results of these terrorist acts, who carried them out, how they were carried out, and what can be done in the future to prevent such incidents from happening again are all investigated. On December 21, 1988 the world was shocked as a Boeing 747 Pan American
moment there is change, the world panics. Unfortunately, 9/11 was not the only day where people panicked. On 1988, the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 occurred. This terrorist attack was not as massive as 9/11; but, it did leave scares especially to the Syracuse University community. On December 21, 1988, the Pan American flight 103 exploded over Lockerbie, Scotland. This flight was traveling from London Heathrow to New York-JFK when it exploded 31,000 feet above Lockerbie, Scotland just 38 minutes after
Pan American World Airways, Inc Pan American World Airways, Inc ("Pan Am") is a New York corporation organized in 1927 which is engaged in commercial air transportation which it pioneered between the United States and most areas of the world. Pan Am Corporation ("the Corporation"), a Delaware corporation, is and since September 14, 1984 has been the parent of Pan Am, it's principal subsidiary. For the past few years Pan Am's financial condition has been very poor. The company
that took place, before and after 9/11. Thompson continued, " The scrambling of fighter aircraft at the first sign of trouble is a routine phenomenon. During the year 2000, there where 425 'unknowns' pilots who didn't file or diverted [sic] from flight plans or used the wrong frequency." He went on to say that " such scrambles before 9/11 were about two or three times a week. After 9/11 they went up to three or four times a day" (Thompson, 2002). Paul Bracken,... ... middle of paper ... ..
Pan Am World Airways Michael Darden Southeastern Oklahoma State University AVIA 3293 Abstract Pan American World Airways was an airline that knew no boundaries. With a bet on a flight from Key West, Florida to the Havana, Cuba, Juan Trippe started what is remembered today a legendary airline. Pan American Airways opened up the world to new locations that would have been thought of only accessible to the noble, wealthy and famous. Juan Trippe’s vision was to offer luxurious travel for
This process is complicated in crimes involving fire or explosions by the fact that much of the evidence may have been burnt, disintegrated, or distributed by the event. For example, debris from Pan Am flight 103 was spread over an area of nearly 1,000 square miles, necessitating a massive cleanup effort which gathered millions of pieces of debris (142). Even in cases where debris is kept within a relatively small area, it is not always easy to find the
involvement. Bereaved family members, rescue workers, friends, volunteers and witnesses are all indirect victims. Thousands were killed in the attack of September 11, 2002, 259 were killed on the plane and 11 on the ground during the bombing of Pan-Am Flight in 1988, 168 victims were killed at the Oklahoma City attack in 1995. However, it is impossible to calculate the number of indirect victims, but, for sure, it exceeds number of direct victims many times. Terrorism destroys the sense of security
Rapp speaks of his anger towards the men who shot down his girlfriend’s plane: “That every single night before he went to sleep he thought of the network of faceless men who had plotted to bring down Pan Am Flight 103, that he saw himself on this very journey…Enemies needed to be killed.” (Flynn 10-11). This quote shows that Mitch Rapp is searching for a way to gain peace within his mind. Rapp is still as agitated as a horse on a stormy night (☺ - simile)
The past fifty years of world history, the American people have witnessed drastic change from the fall of the Soviet Empire and the end of the Cold War, to 9/11 and the destruction of the World Trade Center. These events were driven and responded by foreign policy advisors in the U.S. who utilized a number of instruments available to them including: conventional diplomacy, economic, and military power in order to create the desired outcome. However, it takes much more to navigate and traverse the
Terrorism – Wake Up America! America, wake up! That's what we think we heard on the 11th of September 2001 and maybe it was, but I think it should have been "Get Out of Bed!" In fact, I think the alarm clock has been buzzing since 1979 and we have continued to hit the snooze button and roll over for a few more minutes of peaceful sleep since then. It was a cool fall day in November 1979 in a country going through a religious and political upheaval when a group of Iranian students attacked
aboard a plane. However, that was not always the case. In the Golden Age of flying, there was simply no security whatsoever. It was common to get to the airport ten or twenty minutes earlier before a flight and they would still make it aboard, whereas today, getting there an hour or two before a flight is suggested, due to the security procedures. This vulnerability slowly increased the likelihood of heinous acts and terrorism, such as the 1970s hijackings, 9/11, and the Christmas Day bomber. Now people
million sets a year by 1929 (Musser). Despite high numbers of radio sales, there were many Americans who prefered to read news from newspapers (Musser). The success of the first “talkie newsreel” of Charles Lindbergh taking off for his transatlantic flight causing many studios to create their own “talkie newsreels” (Musser). “Talkie newsreels” were simply a short film about current events (Musser). The last known communications before Earhart’s plane mysteriously disappeared over the pacific were spread
bedazzled by his own power, encouraged by another prophecy which claimed that “none of woman born / Shall harm Macbeth” and that “Macbeth shall never vanquished be, until / Great Birnam Wood to high Dunsinane Hill / Shall come against him” (4.1.98-99, 101-103). As predicted, Macbeth was not killed until these two seemingly impossible things happened; Malcom's army used branches from Birnam Wood for camouflage and Macbeth's killer, Macduff, was born of a caesarean section. After Macbeth’s death in battle
This paper describes our nation and the worlds mindset about airline terrorism before 9/11 and airline terrorism today. This remains a very real and deadly subject even though we don’t have as many incidents occurring at this moment in time. Still the potential for countless lives being lost in an aircraft accident from the actions of a terrorist or terrorist organization is still very real and innocent families across this nation and abroad remain the targets. Additionally, it will show that
Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela was a South African lawyer, politician, freedom fighter, president and peace ambassador. He was born on July 18, 1918 in Transkei, South Africa. His father was a tribal leader, Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe who had 4 wives and Mandela was third wifes’son. Late his father died of Tuberclousis and that led to the next regent of the tribe to be his guardian. When he was growing he was attended Wesleyan mission school, where his teacher,
Nelson Mandela was a leader who was able to make change occur by having self-discipline and an aim for achievement. Not only did he want change so he could live a better life, but he also wanted change for his people. His desire for change and to help others is an example of his personality. Therefore, Mandela’s personality is a perfect example of the conscientiousness factor of the psychological perspective of the Big Five Personality Dimensions developed by Paul Costa and Robert McCrae. Nelson
explosion of extremist groups and related incidents sparked a new awareness of the dangers of terrorism. In the 1980’s, Canada was the victim of several terrorist attacks carried out by Armenian and Sikh extremists, including a bombing of an Air India flight originating in Toronto, which exploded off the coast of Ireland, killing 329 people. The Islamic radical movements main success has been their ability to gain legitimacy from the general public. During the past two decades, they have had enormous