Neisseria gonorrhoeae Introduction Neisseria gonorrhoeae is the obligate human pathogen that causes the sexually transmitted disease (STD) gonorrhea. This Gram-negative diplococci/gonococci does not infect other animals or experimental animals and does not survive freely in the environment. The gonococcal infection occurs in the upper or lower tract, pharynx, ophthalmic area, rectum, and bloodstream. During the 1980’s gonorrhea was also referred to as “the clap” when public awareness was quite
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a bacterium that is part of the Proteobacteria group in the Bacteria domain of the phylogenetic tree. The Proteobacteria group has five different groups, which are the Betaproteobacteria, Alphaproteobacteria, Epsilonproteobacteria, Deltaproteobacteria, and Gammaproteobacteria. Neisseria gonorrhoeae is part of the Betaproteobacteria group because it is a Gram-negative Bacteria and is most similar to other bacteria in that group. Betaproteobacteria are also known for their
transmitted infection gonorrhea is caused by the bacterium Neisseria gonorrhoeae, a gram-negative dipoloccus, and in this particular bacteria, this dipoloccus is called gonococcus.2 This bacteria is part of the Neisseria genus in the Neisseriaceae family.3 It is non-spore forming, non-motile, encapsulated, intracellular and oxidase positive.3 This bacterium also has a beta-lactamase ring because of the genetic mutation of by the plasmids.3 N. gonorrhoeae is an aerobic organism that requires additional carbon
In today’s society the risk of being diagnosed with a sexually transmitted disease increases each year. Sexually transmitted diseases are affecting more of the younger generation, more people are having unprotected sex and more sex partners. They don’t realize the risk they 're putting themselves in, many people think that getting a sexually transmitted disease will never happen but they 're wrong. Gonorrhea is one a common sexually transmitted diseases that can be found in men and women. When a
The Public Health Burden of Meningococcal Meningitis Introduction Meningococcal Meningitis is one of the different forms of Meningitis disease. It is caused by a bacterium Neisseria meningitidis which affects the thin lining of the brain called the meninges and the cerebrospinal fluid. It has been implicated in meningitis outbreaks as far back as the 1600s and is the major causative strain of epidemics in Africa. Bacterial meningitis is a major public health burden especially in the semi -arid region
causes a variety of conditions, most of which are related to hearing deficiencies. Meningitis attacks many different parts of the world both in the distant past and in recent years. The most common place for the four epidemic-causing serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis to attack is in the Meningitis Belt in sub-Saharan Africa. Meningitis is a well-known disease among people; however, there are many confusing aspects about it. Many people do not truly understand what meningitis is, what is does, or
Treating and Preventing Meningitis and Encephalitis The diseases, meningitis and encephalitis, cause various problems in the brain and should be avoided at all costs. Various preventative measures can be taken to avoid them. When one does contract one of the diseases, treatments are available to help cure them, but the treatments do not have a 100 percent success rate. Because of its viral and bacterial tendencies, antibiotics are used at times to attack the diseases as are various vaccines to
diagnosed on time and treated promptly it can leave the patient with long-term brain deficiencies and physical disabilities and in worse cases death. I came to the conclusion of the diagnosis of Meningococcal meningitis caused by the microorganism Neisseria meningitidis based not only on facts about signs and symptoms typical of the disease which included fever, headaches, neck pain and stiffness, and the typical purpuric rash that produces the disease but by performing a lumbar puncture also known
bacterial meningitis was first discovered in Switzerland in 1805 by Gaspard Vieusseux. The bacterium was first identified as Neisseria intracellularis by Anton Weichselbaum. This bacterium is now known as Neisseria meningitidis and can only infect humans (Peterson, n.d.). According to Dr. Varnada Karriem-Norwood, bacterial meningitis is caused by bacteria such as Neisseria meningitidis. These bacteria cause the meninges that cover the brain and spinal cord to swell which decreases the blood flow
Introduction Neisseria meningitidis is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen which is hosted only by humans and colonizes nasopharynx. It is the leading cause of bacterial meningitis and meningococcal infections worldwide. Over half a million meningococcal cases occur annually and causes large epidemic and endemic outbreaks. Thus, meningococcal infection is one of the top ten infectious cause of death in the whole world (Tzeng & Stephens, 2000). Although the bacterium causes numerous human diseases
Patient compliance and effort V. Outcomes A. Adequate oxygenation and ventilation B. Improved hemodynamics From the years 1998 to 2007, about 1,500 Americans were infected with the bacteria associated with Neisseria meningitdis commonly known as meningococcus. Unfortunately about eleven percent of those infected died and about twenty percent of the people suffer from long term consequences such as brain damage, kidney disease, or amputations. Meningococcemia
Meningococcal Polysaccharide Vaccination as a Basis for Clinical Classification of Common Variable Immunodeficiency” . http://cvi.asm.org/cgi/content/abstract/15/4/607 Russell JE, Jolley KA, Feavers IM, Maiden MC, Suker J. “PorA variable regions of Neisseria meningitides.” http://www.ncbo.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15200858 Van de Beek, D., de Gans, J., McIntyre,P., Prasad, K. “Steroids in adults with acute bacterial meningitis: a systematic review” http://www.ncbi.nih.gov/pubmed/14998499
microorganisms. Penicillin G is metabolized through Hepatic. Microorganisms that can be sensitive to Penicillin G staphylococcie (non pénicillinase- producing strains), streptococci (groups A, B, C, G, H, L, and M) pneumococci and Neisseria meningitides, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Corynebacterium diphtheria, and Bacillus anthracis. The treatment dosage for Penicillin G is 600,000 units/1mL syringe and 1.2 million units/2mL syringe. The microorganisms that can be resistant to Penicillin G are penicillinase-producing
Introduction Neisseria meningitidis (the meningococcus) is a Gram-negative bacterium which normally resides as a harmless commensal in the human nasopharyngeal mucosa [1] . The encapsulated bacterium is capable of causing serious blood and brain infections, and it is a major cause of epidemic sepsis and meningitis [2]. The bacterium is now classified into 13 serogroups, which are based on the chemical composition of the polysaccharide capsule. Only six serogroups (A, B, C, W, X and Y) are responsible
In the late 1800s, Hans Christian Gram developed the gram staining procedure. Gram staining is a valuable diagnostic tool used in the clinical and research world. The gram stain is a method used to determine the identification of unknown bacteria. (BIO215, 2017) According to Healthline.com, typically when you’re sick, you go to the doctors. If your doctor happens to suspect that you may have an infection, he or she may order to have a culture, and/or a gram stain done to check for bacteria. If
kill, is a very real possibility for the 21st century” (Organization & Asia, 2015). Many very common, easily treated bacterial pathogens are already known to have some level of antibiotic resistance. These include "Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and species of enterobacter, salmonella, and shigella" (Nathan & Cars,
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease in the Female Reproductive System Unlike most organ systems in the human body, the reproductive system seems to snooze until the individual hits puberty (Marieb & Hoehn, 2013) – when the system reveals its true purpose: sexual reproduction. In the female reproductive system, the primary sex organs, also known as gonads, are the ovaries. The ovaries produces gametes: ova, which are homologous to the sperm produced by the male’s reproductive system. The female internal
Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria “Antibiotics" is the name given to the group of chemicals, particularly in medicine, that stop or inhibit the growth of, microorganisms such as fungi, bacteria, and parasites, or that kill the microorganism. They are, however, completely ineffective against viruses. There are two kinds of antibiotics, namely; bactericides, which interfere with the cell wall or contents of the bacteria, thereby killing it, and bacteriostatics, which prevent the bacteria from reproducing
Antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon in which microorganisms undergo a genetic mutation that allows them to withstand the effects of antibiotic agents designed to kill them or make them incapable of reproduction. To understand antibiotic resistance, it is important to understand what antibiotics are and the mechanisms behind these drugs that affect diseases. Antibiotics are chemical agents that specifically target certain bacterial strains and disable the bacteria by preventing their reproduction
is flipped into the luminal side of ER membrane and extended by transfer of four mannose residues from Dol-P-Man and three glucose residues from Dol-P-Glc. The 14-sugar pr... ... middle of paper ... ...1–4Gal1–3diNAcBac–structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae pilin is assembled by PglB, PglA and PglE onto Und-P, flipped by PglF to periplasm and transferred by PglO on to the Ser residue of pilin [21]. In an alternative pathway, PglH adds a Glc rather than two Gal residues to diNAcBac. In OST-independent