As it is shown in the Contents section, this chapter will be organized in two sub-chapters (The etymology of the ~ing form and respectively, The multiple uses of the -ing form) under the generic title of THE DIACRONIC APPROACH OF THE -ING. We propose to start with a diachronic approach of the -ing form, beginning with Old English until Modern English. We believe that only by a historical analysis of the -ing phenomenon we can understand its multiple uses and flexibility, consequently, we continue
For my essay I will be analysing the grammatical aspects that are shown in Machyn’s diary. I will specifically look at the present day translation of the diary and focus on the changes that are within the extract and whether they show forms and structures that have now disappeared. The Diary of Henry Machyn is an eyewitness account of proceedings in London in the 17th century, in the form of a diary entry. The Middle English period is characterised by the difference in grammar and vocabulary. The
When you look up a word in a dictionary, you will often see what word class that word comes under depending on the definition of the word you’re looking for. For example, the word, word, can be either a noun or a verb, depending on the context you’re using it in, for example, in “a word of caution”, word is a noun, but in “he words his request”, words is a verb. There are eight major word classes we have covered during LING101, those being nouns, main verbs, adjectives, adverbs, determiners, prepositions
Casey Anthony was a young mother who was put on trial in May of 2011, for allegedly murdering her two year old daughter, Caylee Anthony. The case had a number of key players, ranging from the offender herself, to judges, attorneys, and investigators. Three segments of the trial stick out in particular: the cross examination, the closing arguments, and the sentencing. All were covered extensively by the media, through a number of sources. There were a number of similarities and differences between
Walt Whitman once said, “Viewed freely, the English language is the accretion and growth of every dialect, race, and range of time, and is both the free and compacted composition of all.” This is evident in its fifteen hundred year history, as many entities of the language have been adapted, added, and altered. The English that was spoken in 500 AD would be completely indecipherable to a modern day English speaker. Today, the English language’s many forms have developed through centuries of changing
The words of every language are divided into several word classes, or parts of speech, such as nouns, verbs and adjectives etc. The words of a given class exhibit two or more forms in somewhat different grammatical circumstances. These forms are not interchangeable and each can be used only in a given grammatical situation. This variation in form is required by the existence of a grammatical category applying to that class of words. Thus a grammatical category is "a linguistic category which has
In the popular children’s television show Phineas and Ferb, Dr. Doofenshmirtz, the primary antagonist declares that he is “ruthless. [He] has no ruths” (19:40). His declaration articulates an interesting linguistic idiosyncrasy; ruthless currently only operate in various forms of itself (i.e. “ruthlessness,” “ruthlessly). As many words do, this facet of the word ruthless illuminates various types of change in the English language over time. To be completely understood, the word “ruthless” must be
Are your periods heavy? Every woman’s periods are different, and it can be difficult to assess whether or not your bleeding is heavier than it should be. It is obviously something very personal, so it is normal to feel nervous about discussing this topic with the people around you. It is great that you are doing your own research. Every woman experiences their period in a different way and by doing your own research you can really narrow down the information. The easiest way to determine whether
Have you ever pondered about the true and real meaning of words? Think about the history behind words or how affixes help make up a word. A ‘root’ is the base of a word, which cannot stand by itself. Affixes attach to the beginning and/or ending of roots to make words. Roots are the basic definition of the word with a prefix or suffix to change it. A prefix or suffix can change a word completely, based on what the prefix or suffix means. Take the root word geo for example. Geo has a basic definition
Agreement with conjoined subjects Agreement is complicated with subjects consisting of conjoined NPs. In VSO word order, the verb agrees only with the first conjunct. Which means that, the NP in VSO is given a check feature of the first conjunct. Then the coordination template checks for this feature. If it is found the whole conjunction is given the same features as the first conjunct (Attia.2010). كتبت البنت والولد الرسالة Katabat albintu w-alwaladu
1. In what ways does the language environment change when a child enters the primary grades? • The primary years mark changes in children’s language environment in three major ways: children spend more time in non-home settings with nonrelatives, school settings increasingly involve formal instruction and academic English, and children begin to read independently and thus experience new genres and written language structures. 2. Identify the key issues in the controversy about phonics instruction
According to A Novel Approach to Politics “Questions about the very nature of reality seem to be common in fiction of all sorts.” Especially, The Boondocks, a fictional cartoon, uses satire to describe real events that happen in society. The episode I tuned into was “The Trial of R. Kelly”, which explained how R. Kelly won his trial and the views of the people about his case. In the episode, the people outside the court house showed different cognitive frameworks of how they view R. Kelly situation
On February 12, 2008, 15 year old Larry King was shot in the back of the head by 14 year old Brandon McInerney in a middle school classroom in Oxnard, California. King was sitting in his seat, completing his work, and McInerney shot him. Prior to the incident, McInerney expressed on many occasions to his peers that he disliked the compliments that King relayed to him on his physical appearance and also had a profound hatred for King’s feminine gender expression. King was kept on life support for
According to one article, over the past two decades, countries in the world have become more and more interdependent, and new technologies have erased many existing borders. As boundaries between countries are dissolved, foreign language instruction has become more necessary than ever for linking with the rest of the world and for producing an enlightened citizenship able to function in today’s ever-shrinking world. (Morris, http://www.learnnc.org/lp/pages/759) For the people who are learning any
Many of us are searching for methods that would help to improve English, because we understand that the language says a lot about a person, and thus will be an indicator of education and character. Competent speech is a clear indicator of how diligent people, as far as he respects himself and others, as far as he is intelligent. Good language plays a very important role when we want to get a job, go to our friends and family. Grammar and vocabulary are the most important part of English language
Words and Morphemes The Morpheme In order to describe the form of the linguistic expressions (phrases, sentences, texts) in a language, we must describe how those complex expressions are built from smaller parts, until ultimately we which the atoms of linguistic form. The term morpheme is used to refer to an atom of linguistic form. Most languages have a word like the English word 'word', that appears at first to refer to precisely the sorts of minimal linguistic objects we have in mind. But there
The second half of this essay will examine common grammatical errors within the written and spoken English language. According to Jeff Anderson in Mechanically Inclined, common errors include subject-verb agreement, sentence fragments, dangling or misplaced modifiers, comma splices, tense shift, preposition misuse, and vague pronoun reference. Karen Sneddon states the simple rules of verb agreement in her article Back to Basics. “A subject must agree with its verb. A singular noun requires a singular
Reflection and reflective practice are frequently used words in the professional world. Learned scholars across the globe have elicited the importance of reflective practice. Teaching, just as other professions, demands the educators to critically reflect on their work in order to improve their practice, which would benefit the learners. Quinton and Smallbone (2010, cited by Moon J.A, 2002) reflection will not only facilitate the diagnosis of core strengths and weaknesses but also aid in the acquisition
My childhood, it was the toughest time in my life. In 1995, when I was 7, our family is displaced due to civil war from Kabul to a rural area in the Moqur district of Ghazni province. War and displacement caused our family financial standing to collapse. The worst unfortunate, my father was disabled and couldn’t work as a normal person to afford the expenses of his family of ten members. I was the eldest son of my father with 2 younger brothers and 5 sisters (4 elder and 1 younger than me). I was
Tangents and Normals of Curves If you differentiate the equation of a curve, you will get a formula for the gradient of the curve. Before you learnt calculus, you would have found the gradient of a curve by drawing a tangent to the curve and measuring the gradient of this. This is because the gradient of a curve at a point is equal to the gradient of the tangent at that point. Example: Find the equation of the tangent to the curve y = x³ at the point (2, 8). dy = 3x² dx Gradient