Production of hydrogen Hydrogen can be produced from a variety of feedstock. These comprises of non-renewable fossil resources, such as coal and natural gas, as well as renewable resources, such as biomass and water with input from renewable energy sources for example sunlight, hydro-power, wind and waves. The variability of process technologies used range from chemical and biological to electrolytic, photolytic and thermo-chemical. Each of these mentioned technologies are in a different stage of
Hydrogen gas was first identified as an element in 1766, by British scientist Henry Cavendish, in an experiment wherein he separated hydrogen gas by reacting zinc metal plates with hydrochloric acid. Cavendish found that when he applied a spark to the resulting hydrogen gas, it yielded water. It wasn’t until some years later that French chemist Antoine Lavoisier gave hydrogen its modern name. The word hydrogen is derived from the Greek words ‘hydro’ and ‘genes’, which translate as ‘born of water
Introduction: The aim of this essay is to examine how bio-hydrogen production treatment technology will have a vital impact and changes on the lives of Hong Kong people. In the past three decades, scientists have tried hard to think of different sewage treatment methods which could facilitate improving the quality of water and producing renewable energy source (Fang and Liu 2001). In order to achieve this, bio-hydrogen production of sewage has been developed in the past few years. This essay begins
Temperature's Effect on the Production of Oxygen From Yeast and Hydrogen Peroxide Planning Aim --- My aim is to discover how temperature effects the production of oxygen from yeast and hydrogen peroxide. I will mix yeast with hydrogen peroxide and use an upturned measuring cylinder to measure how much oxygen is produced. To find out how much hydrogen peroxide and yeast I will use,
Purpose: Syngas through water gas-shift reactions relate multiple reasoning to the foundation and production of several oil and gas related industries. The following analysis of syngas will begin with the explanation of water gas-shift reaction along with related Steam Reform Reactor, and Fischer-Tropsch processes. In the major bulk of the analysis, the complete process of syngas involvement with water gas-shift reactions will be discussed. In addition, catalyst involvement will be introduced in
The weakness in this method is the decreased in the efficiency of optical switching. The fourth production method is the dark fermentation system which uses the Fermentative bacteria which can produce hydrogen all the time without light or oxygen. The main drawback for this mode is that the output gas mixture contains carbon CO2 which has to be separated. Also there is a decrease in the H2 production. Conclusion: In conclusion, because of the limitation of fossil fuels and the damaging which
acidified water affects the rate at which hydrogen gas is produced. The solution to be electrolysed is made up using acid and water. It is of little consequence what acid is used however in this case I will use Sulphuric acid (H2SO4). When H2SO4 is put in water it is dissociated and forms ions: H2SO4 → 2H (2+) + SO4 (2-) Ions are also present from the water in the solution: H2O → H (+) + OH (-) During the electrolysis process, the positive hydrogen ions move towards the cathode and
Hydrogen Fuel Cells Vs. Gasoline: Who’s Down With HFC? ABSTRACT: The world’s oil supply is a diminishing nonrenewable resource. Soon, a new fuel for automobiles will be needed. Hydrogen fuel cells may very well become the chief replacement for gasoline in our society. INTRODUCTION: In our busy world today, we often find ourselves surrounded by vehicles. But how often do we ponder about by which means these vehicles are running? Vehicles are fueled by gasoline, a gradually diminishing resource
Simple metal hydrides contain hydrogen in their crystal structure. These simple metal hydrides include binary and intermetallic hydrides. Binary hydrides contain only one metal and generally represented as MHx, were M stands for metal. The intermetallic hydrides contain at least two metals in addition to the hydrogen and generally represented by the formula AmBnHx, where A, B are metals. These are further classified in to AB (CsCl structure), AB2 (Laves phase), A2B (AlB2 structure type)
essential element is hydrogen, the first element on the period table (located under Group 1 as an alkaline metal) is composed of a single proton and electron; therefore having an atomic number and atomic mass of 1 and electron configuration of 1s1. In fact, hydrogen is the lightest, simplest and most commonly found chemical element in the universe (it makes up about 90% of the universe by weight). Interestingly enough, the heavier elements on the periodic table were either made from hydrogen or other elements
Hydrochloric acid is the clear colourless solutions of hydrogen chloride (HCl) in water, hydrochloric acid is also a highly corrosive substance and a strong mineral acid meaning they are formed from inorganic compounds, hydrochloric acid is a monoprotic acid meaning that it can only ionize one H+ ion. As a result hydrochloric acid can be used in a wide range of industrial practices such as removing rust from steel, ore processing, the production of corn syrup and making of PVC plastics. Hydrochloric
Emil and several other persons were killed. This convinced the authorities of the city that nitroglycerine production was just too dangerous. So they forbade further experimentation with nitroglycerine in the Stockholm city limits and he had to move his experimentation to a barge anchored on a lake. But of course Alfred was not discouraged and in 1864 he was able to start mass production of nitroglycerine. To make the handling of nitroglycerine safer he experimented with different additives. He
emitting of a light that is a result from a chemical reaction, this chemical reaction does not involve the production of heat or a live flame. While this reaction is happening, the reactants, (luminol and hydrogen peroxide), react with the iron in blood. The iron is a sort of catalyst, it helps to speed up the reaction between the luminol and hydrogen peroxide. Luminol becomes oxidized when the hydrogen peroxide and luminol react together, they create a high energy state. The iron in the blood allows the
most common thing in our life - WATER. Water consists of two chemical elements, hydrogen and oxygen. Each molecule of water consists of two hydrogen (H2) atoms and one oxygen (O) atom. Chemical binding between these three atoms is very stable and strong. Therefore, the reaction of hydrogen and oxygen is under normal circumstances very intense and generates a lot of energy. 2H2 + O2 ® 2H2O + energy Both, hydrogen and oxygen are gases at normal temperatures and pressures and the product of this
diphenyl ether consists of two phenyl rings attached by an oxygen atom. The structural formula appears in Figure 1. Phenyl rings, C6H5, are extremely similar to benzene rings, C6H6, and only differ in regards to being bonded to a different atom than hydrogen on one vertex of the ring. Thus, diphenyl ether undergoes reactions that are common of phenyl rings and ring structures in general. Until recently, diphenyl ether did not have any interesting properties worth exploration to scientists, but current
carbonyl group interacts with water by hydrogen bonding, ketones are typically more soluble in water than other molecules. I have predicted that my molecule is a ketone because of
Salt Bridge Over Electrified Waters “Chemistry is the study of substances; their properties, structure, and the changes they undergo” (Lower). Chemistry is the study of all the stuff in the world and especially how they change. My experiment deals mostly with the change of substances. Some of the concepts involved in my experiment are Oxidation/Reduction (redox) reactions, electrolysis, pH, and electrical currents. A redox reaction is a reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons from one
Oxides of Hydrogen Introduction: Hydrogen atoms can react with oxygen atoms forming different compounds. There are mainly two types, one is water and the other is hydrogen peroxide. Structure: A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom joining together by covalent bonds. The shape of it is bent and its bond angle is of 105°. The structure is shown below. [IMAGE] A hydrogen peroxide molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms joined
difficult to remove. • Magnesium reacts with water at room temperature. • When submerged in water, hydrogen bubbles almost unnoticeably begin to form on the surface of the metal. The reaction occurs faster with higher temperatures. • Magnesium's ability to react with water can be used to produce energy and run a magnesium-based engine. • Magnesium also reacts with most acids, and releases hydrogen gas. • Magnesium has both the lowest melting and the lowest boiling points of any of the alkali earth
nitrogen and hydrogen gas mixture composed together under high temperature, high pressure conditions and the role of catalyst. In the spirit of perseverance, through continuous experiments and calculations, Haber finally achieved encouraging results in 1909. When the temperature is 600 degree Celsius, under the conditions of 200 atmospheric pressure and osmium catalyst, the yield was approximately 8% of ammonia. 8% conversion rate is not considered high; it will obviously affect economic production. Haber