and temperature. Boyle discovered that for a fixed mass of gas at constant temperature, the pressure is inversely proportional to its volume. So in equation form this is: pV = constant if T is constant Amontons discovered that for a fixed mass of gas at constant volume, the pressure is proportional to the Kelvin temperature. So in equation form this is: p µ T if V is constant Shown below this is represented on graphs in (oC) and (K). [IMAGE] P [IMAGE] [IMAGE] q/oC
Joseph Fourier “’The profound study of nature is the most fertile source of mathematical discoveries’ (Joseph Fourier)” (Deb Russell). This quote was spoken by a famous mathematician by the name of Joseph Fourier. Throughout his life, Joseph Fourier had made numerous contributions to the math community, many of which are still taught in schools today. From his early years until death, he lived an adventurous life filled with multiple achievements, all of which contribute to the status of legendary
Five Equations That Changed The World “He [Isaac Newton] sought out secluded areas, where he would sit for hours at a time, not so much to observe the natural world as to immerse himself in it” Sir Isaac Newton was a man who would keep to himself. If not for that quality he may not have made the discoveries that he did. He would often sit in the garden for hours on end just thinking and formulating his ideas about the universe. In fact, that is the very place where the ideas of gravity and
O= 16, Zn= 65) The equation allows you to calculate a theoretical conversion of calamine into zinc oxide. In the chemical industry they need to be able to calculate % yields in order to make sure that their processes are economical. Aim. I am going to compare the results from the experiment with the theoretical result to see if they have any similarities or differences. I have already been told how to find out the theoretical result by using balanced equations and reacting masses
involved means that the potential energy is greater therefore the kinetic/moving energy will also be greater. Variables: Force to pull the band back. This will be between 3 and 11 Newton’s. Equations: Distance = Speed Time Speed = Time Distance Time = Distance Speed I also have Equations for EPE in my research. Method: 1) Attach an elastic band to the hook on the end of a Newton metre and stretch the band until the Newton metre reads three Newton’s 2) Then Release the
proved to be the foundation of more high powered mathematical development. Number problems such as that of the Pythagorean triples (a,b,c) with a2+b2 = c2 were studied from at least 1700 BC. Systems of linear equations were studied in the context of solving number problems. Quadratic equations were also studied and these examples led to a type of numerical algebra. Geometric problems relating to similar figures, area and volume were also studied and values obtained for p.The Babylonian basis of mathematics
Introduction Nodal methods were first introduced and developed to solve neutron diffusion equations in 1970’s [2]. The success of Nodal methods in the field of neutronics was stimulated into the heat flow and fluid flow problems in 1980 [3]. The Nodal Integral Method scheme is developed by approximately satisfying the governing differential equations on finite size brick-like elements. These differential equations are obtained by discretizing the space of independent variables [4]. In the early development
Thiosulphate and Hydrochloric Acid I am going to investigate how temperature affects the rate of the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. WORD EQUATION Sodium thiosulphate + Hydrochloric acid [IMAGE] Sodium chloride (salt) + Sulphur + Water + Sulphur dioxide CHEMICAL EQUATION Na2S2O3 + 2HCl [IMAGE] 2NaCl + S + H2O + SO2 The temperature of the sodium thiosulphate will be changed by heating the solution to
Pleurococcus will grow on the North side of the tree. I think this will happen because, the south side of the tree receives the most sunlight. The heat from this sunlight would dry out the Pleurococcus, which would cause it to dry out, and die. As Pleurococcus is an algae, it photosynthesises. This means it needs water as is shown in the photosynthesis equation below. Sunlight [IMAGE]Water + Carbon Dioxide Oxygen + Glucose (aq) (g) (g) (s) Sunlight [IMAGE]6H20 + 6CO2 6O2 +
going to carry out the reaction of sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. The reactant I am going to change in concentration for each experiment/reading is sodium thiosulphate. Word Equation Sodium + Hydrochloric Sodium + Sulphur + water + Sulphur Thiosulphate acid Chloride dioxide Chemical Equation ================= Na2S2O3(aq) + 2HCl(aq) -> 2NaCl(aq) + S(s) + H2O(l) + SO2(g) Equipment ========= Sodium Thiosulphate (NaSO) of different concentrations and volumes 5cm Hydrochloric
and atmospheric pressure. However, this calorimeter does not retain all the heat as it is not the most optimal choice for a calorimeter, but for this experiment, it is assumed that there is no loss of heat. In relation to heat, one method is to measure the thermal energy is to measure the specific heat capacity of the substance, which is essentially the amount of thermal energy needed to heat one gram of the substance by one degree. For this experiment, by heating
Thermodynamics is essentially how heat energy transfers from one substance to another. In “Joe Science vs. the Water Heater,” the temperature of water in a water heater must be found without measuring the water directly from the water heater. This problem was translated to the lab by providing heated water, fish bowl thermometers, styrofoam cups, and all other instruments found in the lab. The thermometer only reaches 45 degrees celsius; therefore, thermodynamic equations need to be applied in order
Abstract: The existing solutions of Navier–Stokes and energy equations in the literature regarding the problem of stagnation-point flow of a dusty fluid over a stretching sheet are only for the case of two dimensional. In this research, the steady axisymmetric three–dimensional stagnation point flow of a dusty fluid towards a stretching sheet is investigated. The governing equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by presentation a similarity solution and then are solved numerically
by scientists. It's been observed that you can't get any more energy out of a system than you put into it. Latent heat Latent Heat is defined as the heat which flows to or from a material without a change to temperature. The heat will only change the structure or phase of the material. E.g. melting or boiling of pure materials. One very good illustration of latent heat in action is observed when we reduce ice to water. If we imagine a bucket of ice on the floor in an average temperature
The heat of solution is the enthalpy change associated with the process of a solute dissolving in a solvent. With an ionic compound dissolving in water, the overall energy change is the result of two processes (the energy required to to break the ionic bonds between the ions in the lattice structure, and the energy released when the free ions form dipole attractive forces with the water molecules). Heats of solution are generally measured in an insulated container, called a calorimeter. The process
Explain what is meant by the specific heat capacity of a substance Explain what is meant by the specific heat capacity of a substance? The specific heat capacity is a quantity, for the amount of heat energy (joules) that causes one gram of the material to rise by one kelvin unit. What are units are used to measure the specific heat capacity of a substance? Specific heat capacity is measured in Jg^(-1) K^(-1) (or kJ〖 kg〗^(-1) K^(-1) ). Compare the specific heat capacity of water with a range
4.4. Governing Equations: Since the condition of flow in the present problem is hypersonic, the fluid velocity is pretty high. As a consequence, the fluid will not be treated as incompressible any longer because the accompanying pressure drops are comparatively pretty large. Effects of compression are very important when the fluid involved is a gas. In gaseous flows, the density of gas becomes a field variable whose value depends on the temperature and local pressure. Hence in the present problem
Michael Guillen, the author of Five Equations that Changed the World, choose five famous mathematician to describe. Each of these mathematicians came up with a significant formula that deals with Physics. One could argue that others could be added to the list but there is no question that these are certainly all contenders for the top five. The book is divided into five sections, one for each of the mathematicians. Each section then has five parts, the prologue, the Veni, the Vidi, the Vici, and
While wax is burning it is the fuel source of the candle because in order for a candle to burn it needs to have a souce of heat. In order to have a heat soure we need the wick to be on fire. In the end the candle vaporizes a small amount of wax. In the crayon lab we saw that the flame was unstable at first. Then the flame was getting bigger this is because a phase change was occurring it
Bernoulli’s Equation. The Bernoulli equation states that, [IMAGE] but only when · point 1 and 2 lie on a streamline, · the fluid has a constant density, · the flow is steady · there is no friction. Although these restrictions sound severe, the Bernoulli equation is very useful, partly because it is very simple to use and partly because it can give great insight into the balance between pressure, velocity and elevation. Bernoulli's equation is the explanation