This paper talks about the gamma-ray explosions that occur in the universe and its effect if it were to occur close to the earth’s surface. The most energetic explosions to be recorded in the universe are the gamma ray bursts. Gamma ray bursts forms a representation of the events that occur in the cosmos due to its large luminosity that has been detected to approximately z-8.3. This has offered an exciting experience in the study and research of the astrophysics in its extreme condition. The paper
Since the day I was born, scary movies, rollercoasters, and haunted houses were not my "thing". I never appreciated scary pranks, darkness, and bloody movie scenes. I never knew, however, that I would get the scare of my life seven years ago. My heart never pounded so hard and I never felt such a trembling sensation throughout my body. August 14, 2003 was one of the worst days of my life, period. That Thursday will never be forgotten. Early in the morning, too early to remember, Mom walked into
of all what is a Gamma Ray? A gamma ray is a high energy ionized radiation (EPA). Gamma photons have about 10,000 times more energy as photons (EPA). Along with that gamma rays wavelengths are so short they have to be measured in nanometers (EPA). They also are the strongest type of radiation which makes them the most dangerous. How are Gamma rays dangerous? A gamma-ray photon has enough energy to damage atoms in your body and make them radioactive (Christian, Eric). Gamma ray radiation also causes
without it our world would not be the same. Electromagnetic energy travels in waves, and has a very large range from long radio waves to very short gamma rays called the electromagnetic spectrum. The electromagnetic spectrum is the distribution of electromagnetic radiation according to energy, frequency or wavelength. From radio waves to gamma rays there are 7 types of lights most not visible to the naked eye in the electromagnetic spectrum which covers a wide range of wavelengths and photon energies
Genetically Modified Crops Genetically modified crops (GM crops) climb to the top on the hotly debated issues list of society. In 1996, no GM crops were cultivated on a commercial scale in the United States. In 2002, 75% of soya, 71% of cotton, and 34% of all maize grown in America is GM ("Grim Reaper" 1). Many issues surround this controversial topic such as safety, ethics, and foreign relations. Many of these concerns are well stressed in mass media, but sometimes biased views are the
has both beneficial and harmful effects. The most detrimental health effect on humans, is the incidence of cancer, which has been studied. Humans are exposed to radiation more than they realize. They are exposed medically with x-rays, just by being outside with cosmic rays, and by accidents such as at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Exposure to radiation is high and more studies are done which improve radiation protection. The Chernobyl disaster is one such example in which the studies done
brain while the patient is comfortable, conscious and alert. PET represents a type of functional imaging, unlike X-rays or CT scans, which show only structural details within the brain. The differences between these types of imaging don’t end there. In both X-rays and CT scans, a form of radiation is emitted and travels through the body, and a detector receives the unabsorbed rays and transmits them to a computer. The physics behind PET scanning is quite different. Basically, a person is injected
light is electromagnetic radiation. Electromagnetic Radiation, Photons, and Energy Levels Electromagnetic radiation has many different classifications. Some such classifications include AM/FM Radio Waves, microwaves, visible light, x-rays, and gamma rays. A key factor in these classifications is that each different type or "level" of electromagnetic radiation contains different energy levels. These energy levels are determined by the speed or rate that charges from a given source move to create
Radiation and its Effects on the World The biological effects of radiation play a key role in today’s society and it is something that all species have to deal with on a day-to-day basis. Throughout time, this field of study has grown and has become one of the most prominent fields of science. Radiation is something that we as a human race will never be able to escape. It is naturally present and has been since planet Earth was formed. In the mid 19th Century, there were two famous scientists that
In the nuclear industry there are many benefits and risks. Nuclear energy, medicine, and the food industry show this. I feel that benefits outweigh the inherent risks. I think this because there in nuclear energy there are benefits, like how it is the world’s largest source of emission-free energy. In medicine there are many radioisotopes used to benefit humans through treatment. Radioisotopes are used to diagnosis and treat many forms of cancer and other diseases. In the food industry irradiation
gives off energy in the form of gamma rays which are detected by a special camera and a computer to create imagines
medical x- rays, x-ray waves, how x-rays and visible light are different and the same, how you use x-rays and what are the ethical issues of an x-ray. Willhelm Conard Roentgen was the one who discovered x-rays in 1995. He knew that the new ray succeeded in forcing a way through most substance like the human tissues, but he did not know what the exact nature of ray is, which is the reason why he named the object X- (means unknown) ray. Medical x-rays are used to diagnose and treat diseases. X- rays are
three stars in 2001-02 and treats over 650,000 patients each year. The two aspects of physics which I investigated were: * Gamma Camera * Ultrasound Applications of physics. * Gamma camera The first application of physics that I witnessed was the Gamma camera in the nuclear medicine department. This basically involves the patient being injected with a gamma emitting-isotope, this radioactive substance then sends back images of the internals of the patient. The half-life of the isotope
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carried by waves or a stream of particles. Radiation is a fragment that is capable of ionizing atoms or molecules isolating electrons from them due to its sufficiently possessed energy when it is passed through them. Radiations include alpha, beta and gamma rays. They can cause severe damage when absorbed by living tissue, and are therefore a health hazard they can effect the repairing ability of living cells. Ionizing radiation consists of subatomic particles or electromagnetic waves that are energetic
can then affect matter such as human tissue. The two main types of ionizing radiation are electromagnetic and particle. Ionizing electromagnetic radiation includes x-rays, gamma rays, and cosmic rays. Ionizing particle radiation involves alpha particles, which are helium nuclei, beta particles or electrons, and neutrons. Gamma rays, alpha particles, and beta particles are the main forms of radioactivity associated with nuclear power (Taylor, 1996). Comparison with other types Radiation has
radiation inside a nuclear reactor during fission (Nuclear Energy 2005). Fission occurs when an atom’s nucleus splits into two or more smaller nuclei, producing a large amount of energy. Radioactive isotopes release radiation in the form of beta and gamma rays. The strength of the radiation is relative to the rate where radioactive material decays. Because of this, different radioisotopes can be used for different purposes, depending on their strength. (Nuclear Energy 2005). Radioactive isotopes
This is done inside the human body as the Fluorine and pharmaceutical accumulate in the tumour. The positron will then travel a short distance losing energy before combining with a free electron which therefore annihilates them, producing 2 gamma rays which will be used to detect where the FDG has accumulated. Technetium is a commercial radioisotope produced in the OPAL reactor at ANSTO and is used in the medical industry since its properties are ideal for its use. Technetium-99m is used
Gamma rays and X-Rays are more generally called photon radiation, with gamma rays arising from interactions inside the nucleus, and X-Rays arising from interactions outside the nucleus (Grupen, 2005). Gamma rays are emitted through either an excited atom returning to the ground state, or annihilation of a positron with an electron. When an excited atom returns to the ground state, the excess energy is released as a gamma ray: (_Z^A)X^* → (_Z^A)X+
X-ray Diffraction X rays can be defined as “electromagnetic waves of short wavelength, capable of penetrating some thickness of matter.” Approximately the same size as an atom, the wavelength of an X-ray is about 1 Å (10-10m). They occur in the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum between gamma rays and ultra violet light and have proved very useful in determining crystal structures since their discovery on November 8th, 1895. German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen was conducting experiments