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The effects of radiation on health
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Radiation and its Effects on the World
The biological effects of radiation play a key role in today’s society and it is something that all species have to deal with on a day-to-day basis. Throughout time, this field of study has grown and has become one of the most prominent fields of science. Radiation is something that we as a human race will never be able to escape. It is naturally present and has been since planet Earth was formed. In the mid 19th Century, there were two famous scientists that are known for their exquisite contributions to the study of radioactivity. Pierre and Marie Curie were a husband-wife duo that both studied at the Sorbonne. While at Sorbonne, they studied the properties of thorium and uranium and soon stumbled upon and discovered the element polonium. Pierre then decided to study magnetism at high temperatures. Marie proceeded to study in both chemistry and physics and received Nobel Awards in both fields. She is the only person in history to do this. The “curie” is a unit of measure that scientists use to this day in radiation studies. These two were not...
Apart of becoming a new patient at a dental office is taking an x-ray and some may have question along with taking an x-ray, like “will I be affected by the x-ray?” or “will I get cancer?”, “how long will it take” “are x-ray’s safe?”, the list goes on and on. So in this paper we will talk about different types of radiation affects such as affects on children and pregnant women as well as some things that may help reduce some of the radiation that may harm the human body.
In 1917 a young female right out of high school started working at a radium factory in Orange, New Jersey. The job was mixing water, glue and radium powder for the task of painting watch dials, aircraft switches, and instrument dials. The paint is newly inventive and cool so without hesitation she paints her nails and lips with her friends all the while not knowing that this paint that is making them radiant, is slowly killing them. This was the life of Grace Fryer. Today there are trepidations on the topic of radiation from fears of nuclear fallout, meltdowns, or acts of terrorism. This uneasiness is a result of events over the past one hundred years showing the dangers of radiation. Although most accidents today leading to death from radiation poisoning occur from human error or faults in equipment, the incident involving the now named "radium girls" transpired from lack of public awareness and safety laws. (introduce topics of the paper)
In 1920, Marie Curie and some of her colleagues created the Curie Foundation, whose mission was to provide both the scientific and medical divisions of the Radium Institute with adequate resources. Over the next two decades, the Curie Foundation became a major international force in the treatment of cancer. On July 4, 1934, Madam Curie died of Leukemia at the age of 67. The cause of her leukemia is thought to be the tremendous amount of time she spent with radiation throughout her life.
According to Helibron and Seidel (2011) nuclear medicine began as a simple experiment in the early twentieth century by George de Hevesy. De Hevesy started the experiment by deciding to test the effects of radiation on living things, beginning with bean plants, then onto furred animals, and then continued onto finding the effects of radiation on the human body, when he did this he became the first person to ever use radiation on a human being. He along with his partner E. Hofer, in 1931, consumed Deuterium which they had diluted with tea and found that traces of radioactivity stayed within their bodies for between eight to eighteen days. This was the first known use of radiation on humans (p. 1). This was just the beginning though, as time moved on the use of nuclear energy advanced and as it advanced it began to bleed into more subjects than those that it had been used in before, such as, nuclear medicine. Although it has its drawbacks, such as nuclear waste, there are many different benefits to nuclear medicine. Examples of such would be advances in therapy and treatment of disease...
Marie Curie (1898-1934): Marie Curie was a Polish physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. In 1903, she shared the Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband, and in 1911 won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. She was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize, the first person and only woman to win the Nobel Prize twice, and the only person to win a Nobel Prize in two different sciences. Through her experiments she developed the theory of radioactivity and techniques for isolating radioactive isotopes, as well as discovering two new elements: radium and polonium.
Radium attacked the skeletal system of the workers because it is an analog of calcium. The calcium in the bones of the workers was essentially replaced with radium, which is highly unstable and radioactive. It emits ionizing alpha particle, and gamma rays radiation which causes damage to the human body. This led to the “honeycombing and cancer (Langer, 1987). The evidence of the damage was apparent when they felled to heal from bone trauma and damage. Without true calcium, the bones could not repair normally. This resulted in the painful death of many of the workers and countless side effects to them and their offspring. All of which could have been avoided if Radium Dial had employed a few safety measures to protect their workers instead of their profits. Despite the suffering of the Radium Girls and their loved ones, many of the safety standards for handling radioactive materials are in direct response to the research conducted on the former workers and their remains. They have been immortalized for their
After the first few days of the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Americans, without knowledge of the aftermath of these cities, began cheering and celebrating as the bombings marked the end of World War II. Also, this event showed that Americans would be the ones who would lead the world into the nuclear age. In a Gallup Poll taken from August 10-15, 1945, Americans were asked whether or not they approved or disapproved of the use of atomic bombs on Japanese cities, 85 percent approved, ten percent disapproved and five had no opinion.30 then when asked if the development of the atomic bomb was a good or bad thing, 69 percent said it was a good thing, 17 percent said it was bad, and 14 percent had no opinion (Steele).
Using an instrument invented by Pierre, Marie detected faint electrical currents in the air that had been bombarded with Uranium. This lead to two things: a conformation of Becquerel’s finding that the more Uranium there is the more rays it admitted, and her hypothesis that stated the rays emitted by the Uranium were caused by atomic properties. Her hypothesis was revolutionary because it suggested that the atom is made up of particles which would mean the atom was not the smallest thing in the world. Marie’s recent discoveries lead her to testing all known chemicals in order to see if they would emit the “Becquerel rays”. Radioactive was as term Marie coined to describe materials that gave off Becquerel
She had two university degrees, a scholarship, and a published paper on magnetization of tempered steel. Pierre and Marie’s first daughter, Irene, was born September 12, 1897, around this time the Curies’ faced their attention towards radiation from Uranium, which had been recently discovered Antoine Henri Becquerel. It was Marie’s thoughts that the radiation was an atomic property and it had to be found in other elements. Marie invented the word “Radioactivity” ( the automatic release of radium ). While Marie was looking for other sources of radioactivity, she started focusing more pitchblende, a mineral known for its uranium content.
Metals are naturally occurring elements in the Earth's crust, and copper is one of the oldest metals known to civilization. Copper is an essential trace element that is vital to the health of all living things (humans, plants, animals, and microorganisms). In humans, copper is essential to the proper functioning of organs and metabolic processes. Copper is generally acquired through dietary intake of copper rich foods such as animal liver, nuts, and shellfish. (Weiss and Linder, 1985)
She created the Radium Institute and inspired future research on the new properties she discovered. She also was an inspiration to many new scientists in her field (Mary Caballero). Her work in medication led to a technique field called nuclear medicine, which is when substances that have been introduced to radioactive elements are introduced into the body’s organs. Radio therapy would not be around to help treat cancer if she had not helped discover radioactivity. She also has the Marie Curie Memorial (Andrzej Kutakowski). This impacted society because it increased the population as average life expectancy was
Radiation is one of the most dangerous and easiest way of having health effects. Radiation was first discovered by Roentgen. Hazards are the first things people need to know in order to understand what it can do to your body. It causes many health effects on everyone out in the world. It harms people in the dentistry and field and even in the medical field. Normal people out the world can also be exposed when coming into one of these offices and getting x-rays of some type.
Now, the three examples, Chernobyl, Fukushima, Three mile islands, show the effect of the nuclear accident. Each has different causes, but the damages were terrible.
The impact of nuclear power on the modern world has improved Various sectors of the economy and society .i.e. Food and Agriculture, Insect control, Food Preservation, Water Resources, Military, Medicine, Research and Industry. “In 1911 George de Hevesy conducted the first application of a radioisotope. At the time de Hevesy was a young Hungarian student working in Manchester with naturally radioactive materials. Not having much money he lived in modest accommodation and took his meals with his landlady. He began to suspect that some of the meals that appeared regularly might be made from leftovers from the preceding days or even weeks, but he could never be sure. To try and confirm his suspicions de Hevesy put a small amount of radioactive material into the remains of a meal. Several days later when the same dish was served again he used a simple radiation detection instrument - a gold leaf electroscope - to check if the food was radioactive. It was, and de Hevesy's suspicions were confirmed.
America uses a lot of energy to supply electricity to millions of homes and businesses and needs an energy source that will supply an abundant amount of power but is also efficient. Nuclear energy is a reliable and efficient energy source that America can use. Fossil fuels and other resources used in the United States are running out or are very expensive. Nuclear power will provide a cost effective and long term power supply. America should use nuclear energy because of its many benefits which are environmental benefits, economic benefits, safety, power production, and reliability..