Taylor Boles 010733995 Ethers and Ether Synthesis Ethers are organic compounds characterized by an oxygen. The compounds are bounded by two alkyl or aryl. Ethers look like alcohols and both of these look like water. Within alcohols there is one hydrogen atom replaced of water replaced by alkyl but in ether, hydrogen atoms are replaced by alkyl or aryl groups. Ethers are usually nice-smelling and colorless when they are room temperature. Compared to alcohols ethers are less dense and soluble and
Eugenol (C10H12O2) is a well-known natural product occurring in many plants like cloves and nutmeg, with a satisfying scent and spicy taste. Eugenol is extracted from numerous aromatic plants and used in perfumeries for spicy, clove-like and oriental-type fragrances. “Alike all phenols, eugenol is an antiseptic; used as disinfectant in mouthwash. Due to its antiseptic and analgesic properties, it is used in dentistry; upon mixing with zinc oxide it forms cement for temporary fillings of the teeth
Identifying features and key components of unknown chemical mixtures are an essential part of chemistry. In many cases it is necessary to analyses and understand the chemical makeup of pharmaceuticals. Qualitative analysis is a method of testing a chemical mixture to determine its chemical makeup, such as its functional group. Identifying functional groups of an unknown compound are important, as it helps in understanding how a chemical acts under certain conditions, such as when changing physical
In this experiment, NaOH and diethyl ether are used as solvents. NaOH and diethyl ether must be immiscible with one another. They each must selectively attract the desired component from the solution being extracted. They should be easily separable from the solute being used. NaOH is a polar solvent and dissolves benzoic acid that has a high polarity, while diethyl ether is a nonpolar solvent and dissolves naphthalene that has a low polarity. The density determines the solvent position in the separatory
Reaction Equation Summary In this experiment a Grignard reaction was carried out to give the desired reagents: benzyl magnesium chloride. This was achieved by reacting benzyl chloride with magnesium in ether. After the Grignard’s reagents were formed, it was reacted with benzaldehyde in ether to give 1,2-diphenylethanol. The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize 1,2-diphenylethanol via a Grignard reaction. The NMR proves that the right product was formed in this experiment. Introduction
organic solvent like diethyl ether and a polar solvent such as water. Diethyl ether is an appropriate solvent since it wil... ... middle of paper ... .... Conclusions and Future Experiments: How would you summarize your results and analysis? What questions remain unanswered? What questions were raised by your results and analysis? In summary, acid base extraction is a useful technique when attempting to transfer an organic compound from an organic solvent (ether) to an aqueous solvent after
Diphenyl ether, first gaining attention in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, is an organic compound that belongs to the ether organic functional group with a molecular formula of C12H10O. Also referred to as 1,1’-Oxybisbenzene, biphenyl oxide, diphenyl oxide, phenyl oxide, phenyl ether, or phenoxybenzene, diphenyl ether consists of two phenyl rings attached by an oxygen atom. The structural formula appears in Figure 1. Phenyl rings, C6H5, are extremely similar to benzene rings, C6H6
of fluorene, o-toluic acid, and 1, 4-dibromobenzene, the previously learned techniques of extraction and crystallization are needed to perform the experiment. First, 10.0 mL of diethyl ether would be added to the mixture in a centrifuge tube (1) and shaken until the mixture completely dissolved (2). Diethyl ether is the best solvent for dissolving the mixture, because though it is a polar molecule, its ethyl groups make it a nonpolar solvent. The compounds, fluorene and 1, 4-dibromobenzene, are also
470 mL, 0.6533 g, 5.40 mmol) were charged with stir bar and stirred at room temperature for 45 minutes. Diethyl ether (10 mL) was added to the reaction mixture and stirred. The mixture was gravity filtered into a beaker that was topped with a watchglass. The filtrate was transferred to a separatory funnel and the organic layer was extracted with deionized water (10 mL) and diethyl ether (15 mL). The organic layer was placed into an Erlenmeyer flask and the aqueous layer was placed into a beaker, which
The Discovery and Controversy over the First Use of Surgical Anesthesi Dennis Brindell Fradin wrote in ”We Have Conquered Pain”: The Discovery of Anesthesia, “We take it for granted that we can sleep through operations without feeling any pain. But until about 150 years ago, the operating room was a virtual torture chamber because surgeons had no way to prevent the pain caused by their healing knives.” Fradin is right. Since several analyses of archaic human bones have proven that people have
"It'll show you how I've gotten to feel about – things. Well, she was less than an hour old and Tom was God knows where. I woke up out of the ether with an utterly abandoned feeling and asked the nurse right away if it was a boy or a girl. She told me it was a girl, and so I turned my head away and wept. 'All right,' I said, 'I'm glad it's a girl. And I hope she'll be a fool – that's the best thing a girl can be in this world, a beautiful little fool.' ( Fitzgerald 17). In the novel, The Great Gatsby
Chloroform is an anesthetic that is inhaled, and was once a widely used one. However, nowadays it isn’t because of its toxic side effects. Chloroform is another name for the colorless, dense, liquid chemical compound trichloromethane. Chloroform is nearly 40 times as sweet as sugar and has a nice odor. It is inflammable and can be used for industrial purposes like R-22 (air-conditioning), a solvent, a fire extinguishing material, and as a chemical reagent for use in synthetic reactions. Its primary
Hundreds of household products are being misused as inhalants. Some of these products include nail polish remover, hair spray, cleaning fluids, spray paint, and the propellant in aerosol whipped cream (“Inhalants“, 2010). Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that users intentionally inhale because of the chemical’s mind-altering effects (National Institute on Drug Abuse [NIDA], 2010). The trend in inhalant abuse is growing among the young community throughout the country. Surveys have shown in
good carboxylate electrophiles, as elucidated by Li, et al.2 Figure 1: Preparation of Grignard Reagent (Phenylmagnesium Bromide) In this experiment, a Grignard reagent was prepared using bromobenzene and magnesium in diethyl ether (Figure 1). An aprotic solvent (diethyl ether) was used because Mg0 reacts readily with protic solvents to form Mg2+. Figure 2: Formation of 1,1-Diphenylethanol with Grignard Reagent Afterwards, the Grignard reagent was added to acetophenone to form 1,1-diphenylethanol
layers were also formed: the upper ether layer with the product, triphenylmethanol, and the lower aqueous layer that contained the hydrochloric acid and inorganic compounds. Since neutralization involves heat, some ether was lost to evaporation and additional ether was added to maintain a sufficient volume in the upper organic layer. (Pavia et al 278). The lower layer was then extracted by a separatory funnel. The layer was extracted, and then reextracted with ether, as quickly as possibly, because
develop better methods and medicine. The word anesthesia is used to describe the process of making a patient unconscious which allows them to be free of surgical pain. There are two main types of anesthetics that were used when for surgical anesthesia, ether and chloroform, that developed around the same time. They were both developed in the 1840’s, but chloroform was used more often since it worked faster and was non-flammable. These anesthetics were indispensible tools to the medical doctors during the
bottom of the column, along with a 0.5 cm thick layer of sand (put on top of the cotton). 20 mL of petroleum ether, and with a dry funnel on top of the column, 7 g of alumina (Aluminum Oxide) is put into the column. To ensure that no alumina adheres to the sides, a glass rod in a rubber stopper can be put to use through the gentle tapping of the column with it; in addition, additional petroleum ether can also be put to use by rinsing the inner walls of the column with it. To cover the alumina, another
The poor man screams in agony as he awakes from the doctor beginning his operation. Stories such as that one are now only distant memories of the past. This is all thanks to a drug called ether that renders people unconscious so that they are out cold for the surgery and won’t feel any pain. The discovery of ether transformed the medical world and led to multiple forms of anesthesia for many pain free surgeries leading to even better outcomes in the future. Dr. William Thomas Green Morton was a small
Oxidation of a Secondary Alcohol with Chromic Acid in Diethyl Ether to Produce a Ketone Compound Amber Breakspear 15202075 – 12th January 2016 Year 1 Full Report 1 – Organic Abstract An effective oxidation of the secondary alcohol with chromic acid to produce the corresponding ketone. In this report the synthesis of 4-methyl-2-pentanone from 4-methyl-2-pentanol via an adapted jones oxidation1, using diethyl ether as the solvent and concentrated sulphuric acid, is described. An
Benzyl bromide, an unknown nucleophile and sodium hydroxide was synthesized to form a benzyl ether product. This product was purified and analyzed to find the unknown in the compound. A condenser and heat reflux was used to prevent reagents from escaping. Then the solid product was vacuum filtered. The product was recrystallized to purify it and the unknown filtrate and nucleophile was determined by taking the melting points and performing TLC. Nucleophilic substitution reactions have a nucleophile