How many mg of Percocet is prescribed to Mrs. Dettinger? I would question why the acetaminophen and Percocet medications are both prescribed, because the Percocet already contains the ingredients of APAP and has enough; so adding the APAP can increase the patient’s risk of liver damage. Even though, the patient states she is taking Percocet’s but she never mentioned taking the APAP; which is good because taking APAP with Percocet can increase her likelihood of an overdose. I would reassess the
undergoes nitrogen-demethylation and is converted to norcodeine, and an even smaller percent is metabolized to morphine via oxygen-demethylation (Chen... ... middle of paper ... ...rtant that tests are designed to address the issue. Examples of CYP2D6 assays available are the AmpliChip, the Luminex, and AutoGenomics. These assays test for common alleles in the population , therefore rare alleles can go unreported. The AmpliChip test uses about 240 probes to screen for 30 different alleles, including
resulting in the child’s death. Due to the tragic and unexpected circumstances, an autopsy was conducted. The results showed extremely high levels of fluoxetine within the child’s body, and a genetic test found that the boy had a defect in the CYP2D6 gene that rendered him a poor metaboliser of the
Tramadol Drug Fact Sheet This paper, while not intended as a comprehensive report of every fact about the analgesic drug Tramadol, will provide an in-depth review of all pertinent information. Tramadol Description Tramadol is a pain reliever used to treat moderate to severe pain. Classification of Tramadol falls under the opiate analgesic category (NIH 2013). To get a prescription of Tramadol you would need to be in moderate to severe-acute pain similar to that following surgery, or chronic pain
the effects of inducers and inhibitors of CYP enzymes. Medications that are either inhibitors or inducers of a CYP enzyme can change a person’s given phenotype by increasing or decreasing the protein’s metabolic capabilities. For example, a PM for CYP2D6 who receives an inhibitor of 2D6, such as the antiarrhythmic quinidine, will have greatly increased metabolism of dextromethorphan, a substrate of 2D6. Interestingly, this mechanism is used in the treatment of pseudobulbar affect, a symptom associated
The Pathways of Pain In 1931, the French medical missionary Dr. Albert Schweitzer wrote, "Pain is a more terrible lord of mankind than even death itself." Today, pain has become the universal disorder, a serious and costly public health issue, and a challenge for family, friends, and health care providers who must give support to the individual suffering from the physical as well as the emotional consequences of pain (1). Early humans related pain to evil, magic, and demons. Relief of pain
Abstract: Systems biology is the new branch of biology which is developed recently as a result of the Human Genome Project. It helps in decoding the various systems in biology by studying different genes, proteins and pathways and ultimately making their computerized models to learn how they react differently to different drugs. So, by studying systems we can design medicines for individuals according to their susceptibility rate and response time to different drugs. In near future, personalized
its antagonistic effects, it undergoes metabolism by cytochrome P450 enzymes and converted into its active and inactive metabolites (Figure 4) (20). The active metabolites of tamoxifen are N-desmethyltamoxifen, which can be converted to endoxifen by CYP2D6, as well as 4-hydroxyltamoxifen (Figure 4) (20). Consequently, the affinity of these active metabolites to the ER is increased by ten-fold compared to its parent compound (20). Figure 4: The main enzymatic pathways of tamoxifen metabolism (20)
Ecstasy is chemically known as MDMA or Methyline Dioxymethamphetamine (WWW1). Similar to other amphetamine derivatives, Ecstasy is a stimulant to the central nervous system. Ecstasy was first synthesized in 1914 in Germany and was distributed as an alternative to the appetite suppressant, MDA (WWW2). As people became more knowledgeable about the euphoric effects of this drug, the demand for it became larger and larger. In the 1960's, Ecstasy was characterized as the "love drug". It was also used
Summary Sharon Moalem, the author of Inheritance, is a geneticist who through the penning of this novel, effectively educated readers in the field of genetics and revealed connections between inheritance and epigenetics. Throughout the novel, He used several distinct phenomena to illustrate the importance of what people inherit and how life experience can change genes. He shows readers the importance of what they inherit by showing how what you inherit can help or hurt you. The first example
Proposed Problem: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of genes and how drugs are metabolized within the body of patients. Another term for this is called pharmacogenomics which is the study of genetic factors and the response to certain medications (Johnson, 2015). There are approximately 2 million people who suffer from adverse drug reactions and pharmacogenomics is used to give the most optimal care to patients by preventing any adverse drug reactions (Johnson, 2015). A)
The following paper discusses one of the most common disease of the elderly naming Parkinson's Disease. This paper reflects the basic understanding of the disease with prime focus on the course, treatment and advance health care needs of the patient. Additionally, to have a better understanding of the disease this paper puts some light on the causes and pathogenesis of the disease and how an elderly patient can cope up with his life during the last stages of the disease. Key Words Parkinson's disease
1-Paracetamol ( PCT), acetaminophen or N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP) is an acylated aromatic amide derived from aniline [1] [s073][so96089] .It has antipyretic and analgesic properties and it is a synthetic non-opioid.[3] In 1893, acetaminophen was first described as an analgesic and antypiretic.. [s17] In 1866, acetanilide, another derived from aniline, was discovered to have antipyretic properties and has started to be used to treat fever. However, it was proved to have toxicity. Thus, others
Tamoxifen Undergoes Optimization Abstract Computer programs like GaussView and Gaussian 03W are some of the advanced tools that can be used by scientists to design and optimize new designed drug. Using the exact same tools as scientists today, I am going to take a known drug, Tamoxifen, and create few analogs similar to its structure. Before I can create some analogs in GaussView, I am going to study and examine the structure of Tamoxifen to understand the chemistry that involves in this