color descriptor (DCD) [1,3,4]. A simple color similarity between two images can be measured by comparing their color histograms. The color histogram, which is a common color descriptor, indicates the occurrence frequencies of colors in the image. The color correlogram describes the probability of finding color pairs at a fixed pixel distance and provides spatial information. Therefore color correlogram yields better retrieval accuracy in comparisonto color histogram [3]. DCD is MPEG-7 color descriptors
Image shape matching is prime concern in object recognition and identification methods. An image matching is a means of determining the resemblance of one image with the other image. Images are matched based on their shape and texture and it finds variety of applications ranging from image retrieval, object recognition, remote sensing, image classification, image analysis and so on. In general, image matching techniques are classified into structure- based [1] [2] and feature-based [3][4] methods
COLOR DESCRIPTION AND EXTRACTION 3.1 INTRODUCTION Image retrieval is the process of handling large volume of image database in order to achieve the efficiency in identifying similar images over the retrieved results. In Image retrieval, a choice of various techniques is used to represent images for searching, indexing and retrieval with either supervised or unsupervised learning models. The color feature extraction process consists of two parts: grid based representative of color selection [B.S.Manjunath
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM INFORMATION RETRIEVAL SYSTEM Database handles with structured data by using well defined formal language for data manipulation. Information Retrieval deal with unstructured data without a well-defined logical schematic. Database have fixed schema driven in some data model such as relational model. Information Retrieval has no fixed schema and has various data models such as vector space model. Database uses structured query model. Information Retrieval uses free-form query models
ABSTRACT: Information Retrieval deals with the representation, storage, organization of and access to Information items. The evaluation of an information retrieval system is the process of assessing how well a system meets the information needs of its users. Information retrieval (IR) systems use a simpler data model than database systems. Information organized as a collection of documents. The effective retrieval of relevant information is directly affected both by the user task and by the logical
Database management system (DBMS) is a collection of interrelated data and a set of programs to access the data. The collection of data, usually referred to as a database, contains the information related to the Company, the company's system at workplace, detailed information as an example employee personal information stored in the data. The goal of a database management system is to provide a way how to store and retrieve data information more efficiently. For examples, of the data, consider the
practice as well as for business people in order to manage information in an effective way. Information retrieval is a process and techniques of searching and interpreting information in order to store the data for easy retrieval when needed. The article entitled “Seven Ages of Information Retrieval”, the author who is Michael Lesk explained about the history or the beginning of information retrieval based on the theory of Vannevar Bush’s 1945, Warren Weaver in 1949 and also related to theory of Shakespeare
immediate past of the experiencing self or the `I`. When recalled it can be accessed independently of content and is recollectively experienced. Autobiographical memory, in contrast, retains knowledge over retention intervals measured in weeks, months, years, decades and across the life span. Autobiographical knowledge represents the experienced self, or the `me`, is always accessed by its content and, when accessed, does not necessarily give rise to recollective experience. Instead, recollective
Digital representation provides better efficiency and accuracy of copying, storing and distributing content via the internet. This improvement of digital technology helped the data to easily duplicated and rapidly delivered to a big number of users with minimum expense. This technology has become the most popular way to distribute multimedia content. Digital Right Management (DRM) is a technology used by publishers, copyright holders to restrict the illegal media conception, copying and redistribution
structures of particular fields of study, to be able to study in fields of interest, to be able to communicate. Q. Is there a relationship between data, information, and knowledge? A. Yes. A collection of basic data elements (facts, video, images, sound etc.) are transformed (manipulated) into information. By gathering information we can begin to gain knowledge. Q. What are the three information types? (and give an example of each) A. Primary Information – eyewitness account,
in a database. Email is an example of unstructured data, because while the busy inbox of a corporate human resources manager might be arranged by date, time or size, if it were truly fully structured, it would also be arranged by exact subject and content, with no difference or spread which is not practical, because people do not generally speak about precisely one subject even in focused emails. Conclusion is, structured data and unstructured data have the own characteristic and benefits. We as a
desk. A simple definition of multimedia in the past would have read: “Here lies the web dead, because there was no sound, film or cartoons and I got bored and died”, but this is not the case anymore and multimedia has brought us a combination of content that consists of video, audio, animation, text, interactivity and still imaging. Multimedia is dependent on good designer toolkits that allows for better design capabilities. Multimedia companies are constantly working on better frameworks and techniques
and retrieve documents to pay for itself. Response to Rule 26. In a federal lawsuit, parties are required by a new law to identify and produce relevant records within 85 days of the beginning of the litigation. Also required a quick and accurate retrieval of records. For organization, records retention compliance includes federal, state and local governments to regulate record retention periods and over 10,000 federal recordkeeping laws are presented (Skupsky, 1989). Indexing systems consists of an
cognitive mapping are also a mental picture or image of a person’s physical environment. For example, my best friend moved away to Texas ten years ago. Nonetheless, we were college roommates back some twenty years ago. When, I decided to celebrate my 50th birthday five years ago, she decided to come back and celebrate my birthday with me. When, she got off the train, I gave her precise directions because of my cognitive mapping which were the images of the important streets that she should follow
Digital libraries are libraries in which collections are stored in a digital format. A digital library has also been known as a virtual or electronic library. In this essay, different types of digital libraries will be compared. This essay will provide an in depth look at the many different digital library programs that have had a profound impact on the field of digital libraries. Archival formats will be explored. Techniques for the conversion of textbased formats into digital formats will be
al. Jerome R. Bellegarda, showed the conventional mail filtering techniques based on unsupervised learning where the classification is done on the basis keyword matching. But if spammers change the tricks of spam mails framing than the old classifiers will than not able to give the accurate results. That is the worst part of the unsupervised learning. On the other hand, in the same paper, machine learning techniques based on supervised learning is introduced where the classifiers are regularly fed
photographs when they are adding new images to the collection. The real need only surfaces when they already have a massive indexed photo collection and the task of annotating the whole collection is no longer appealing enough. There has been a lot of work done in the area of making it easier for the user to tag photographs, some systems make it easier by letting user a drag and drop names from a list. There is work on using speech input rather than typing the content information. Apart from this there
INTRODUCTION Prior knowledge plays a pivotal role in every aspect of human life. Knowledge can be stored in various formats like images, features, statistical patterns, all these formats help in making sense of the environment. Using prior knowledge humans can perform various activities including, but not limited to: focusing attention, organizing information in to groups, categorizing objects around, hypothesizing, understanding language, and generating inferences(Smith & Kosslyn, 2007). Processing
of similar text features. Previously, a number of statistical algorithms had been applied to perform clustering to the data including the text documents. There are recent endeavors to enhance the performance of the clustering with the optimization based algorithms such as the evolutionary algorithms. Thus, document clustering with evolutionary algorithms became an emerging topic that gained more attention in the recent years. This paper presents an up-to-date review fully devoted to evolutionary algorithms
Memory is the storing of information over time. It is one of the most important concepts in learning; if things are not remembered, no learning can take place. As a process, memory refers to the "dynamic mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences" (Sternberg 260). We use our memory about the past to help us understand the present. The study or memory in psychology is used in different ways, as well as there are many different ways to study how memory