is an azo dye made from a synthesis reaction between sulfanilic acid and N,N-dimethylaniline. The preparation for this synthesis involves two steps: diazotization and coupling reaction. The diazotization step is the first step where the sulfanilic acid sodium salt reacts with the sodium nitrite in HCl to form an unstable diazonium salt. The coupling reaction is the second step where the diazonium ion is used in the reaction mixture and reacts with N,N-dimethylaniline to form an acidic azo dye. Procedure:
industries, which show that an annual use of almost 7×105 tonnes in world. Dyes are intractable and toxic materials, they oppose biological breakdown (Souza et al., 2007). Many industries like papers, textiles, gasoline, and leather are huge users of azo dyes which contains the largest group of substitute organic chemicals. The waste produced from these industries and resulting by-products have both metal ions and dyes. These waste products become hazardous when present in the surroundings. The insolvable
Oxygen Vital to life, a necessity to combustion, and the component of innumerable compounds, oxygen is by far one of the most important elements. Astoundingly, Oxygen makes up a fifth of our atmosphere, 49.5% of all compounds on Earth contain oxygen, makes up about 2/3 of our body, yet human kind has only know of it since 1977 (http://pearl1.lanl.gov/periodic/elements/8.html). Ironically, within a period of a couple of years, three different men had stumbled upon the vital element. Carl Wilhelm Scheele
test pathway .42g 67% positive negative oxidation of secondary OH Good Things My experiment went well. I began my experiment with .64g of 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol. The molecular weight of this compound is 146.2g/mol. It is converted into 2-ethyl-1-hydroxyhexan-3-one. This compounds molecular weight is 144.2g/mol. This gives a theoretical yield of .63 grams. My actual yield was .42 grams. Therefore, my percent yield was 67%. This was one of my highest yields yet. I felt that this was a
The National Geographic Society “It’s right here”, was the old guard’s response when I asked him where I could find the National Geographic Society. Immediately upon entering the gates of the Shura Council Compound, I found a plaque on one of the two buildings indicating it to be the National Geographic Society. I entered the Society and began to analyze all of its aspects to determine whether or not the museum is achieving its purpose of improving the study of geography in Egypt. The National
of modern-day poetry provides – an aesthetic sense of rightness or pleasure. The vocabulary of the poem is remarkable in several ways. First of all, about one-third of the vocabulary is compound words. For the concept of “the sea” there are 50 different compounds; likewise there are 50 compounds for the concept of “a battle;” and 30 words for “king” (Chickering 5). It is truly amazing that in this poem of about 3000 lines there are 4000 vocabulary entri... ... middle of paper ... ..
discovered in the 1920's by Thomas Midgley, an organic chemist at General Motors Corporation. He was looking for inert, non- toxic, non-flammable compounds with low boiling points that could be used as refrigerants. He found what he was looking for in the form of two compounds: dichlorodifluoromethane (CFC-12) and trichloromonoflouromethane (CFC-11). In both compounds, different amounts of chlorine and fluorine are combined with methane, which is a combination of carbon and hydrogen. These two CFCs were
incarnate.3 However, the fact that they found the structure Decker predicted did not mean that his nomenclature would be used to identify the compound. That honor was bestowed upon its discoverers Landa and Machcahcaeck who used the Greek translation of diamond, adamantane, to identify the compound.2 Crude petroleum is separated into its component compounds by fractional distillation. The procedure involves a sample of the petroleum to be heated until the sample is vaporized leaving behind any solid
anything germinating. We quickly noticed something that appeared like an air bubble squirting out something green. This was our fern spore which was germinating. Next, we removed a few of the germinating spores from the petri dish and put them under a compound microscope scope. We found the spore wall and observed how the developing gametophyte had broken through the wall, as instructed by our lab manuals. One could also identify the chloroplasts with in the cell. We then put up our dishes for another
Fatal Flaws in Hamlet In the ending to Shakespeare's Hamlet, each of the main characters fatal flaws leads them inevitably to their destruction. The process of the play could not lead one anywhere else but to their ultimate fate. Claudius is basically an opportunist whose blind ambition erases his moral sense. Gertrude, through the eyes of Hamlet, is to eager to remarry her husbands brother. Hamlet himself, driven both by his need for vengeance and his inability to act was perhaps
particles. If there is a large particle with a large surface area, and many small particles, the smaller particles have a higher chance of colliding with the larger particles. However, if there are small particles, and small particles of another compound, then the reaction rate would be slower, because the particles wouldn’t collide as easily as they would with particles of a bigger size. The third factor that affects collisions is the temperature. If there is a higher temperature, then the
which one forms is based on the stability of the compound formed. The more stable the compound, the more likely it is to form. The stability of a compound with respect to its elements can be predicted by the Hf (molar heat of formation). This is the energy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from its elements. If it is exothermic (negative), then the compound is stable with respect to its elements. If it is endothermic (positive), then the compound is unstable with respect to its elements. In
Soyinka's masterful use of this tone, and the primary use of first person in story telling combine to form a realistic childhood picture. In the third chapter we find young Wole describing a sort of parade which is passing before the walls of his home compound. This point in time seems to be when Wole first discovers the world beyond his front door. This realization can be likened to the destruction of the geocentric theory in which man comes to the realization that he is not the center of the universe
Dreams of Trespass and In the Eye of the Sun Both novels, Dreams of Trespass and In the Eye of the Sun deal with barriers. In the first one the barrier is a physical one, one that does not allow the women to cross it. While it creates incredible sense of solidarity among the women and a safety net, it also creates despair and a cause to fight for most of the mothers of the Mernissi household. In the second novel, In the Eye of the Sun we also see barriers, but this time they are invisible, more
essential to form life are basic carbon compounds. These carbon compounds are very abundant throughout the Universe. Carbon compounds exist not only on planets but on comets and free floating asteroids and gas clouds in space. Although, even with the abundance of all these compunds in the Universe the chances of these compounds forming into living beings aren't so great, however it is true that the odds of carbon forming into life sustaining compounds is greatly increased with an increase in
itself. Common in all of Dickinson's poems is the infamous "dash" or "hyphen"; it is technically designed "to connect the parts of a compound word or the parts of a word divided for any purpose" (Webster's Dictionary pg 401). Dickinson certainly took advantage of the "for any purpose" aspect of the definition when she began using the dash not only to separate a compound word, but to omit whole words, emphasize a pause or to connect two ideas without the use of conventional grammar or punctuation.
its low price, high electric conductivity, and because tin protects against rust and weak acids in food if the can is made out of tin instead of aluminum. Some common compounds of tin are organtin a combination of carbon and tin. When tin is formed with carbon to make organtin it can make more than 500 organtin compounds. These compounds are used in everyday things. One is toothpaste containers and also are things such as wood, paper, textile, farm sprays, and Hospital disinfectants. To get pure tin
“Job Skills Gap Syndrome”, a condition, he says, that is spreading rapidly. The “Gap”, is the difference between the actual skill level and the skills needed to perform the job efficiently. A lot of organizations are having problems with training, compound that with the integration of new technology and you have just created the supervisors nightmare. Discussion Policymakers in every organization are interested in improving the efficiency of the systems they have in-place, and if an investment is made
less likely if it is inhibitory. Neurotransmitters can also produce their effects by modulating the production of other signal-transducing molecules ("second messengers"messengers") in the post-synaptic cells (Cooper, Bloom and Roth 1996). Nine compounds -- belonging to three chemical families -- are generally believed to function as neurotransmitters somewhere in the central nervous system (CNS) or periphery. In addition, certain other body chemicals, for example adenosine, histamine, enkephalins
in the lead. Leaves crunch as feet uniformly step onto the ground. The commissioner and his soldiers are warily eyeing their surroundings. Each man snuggles close to Okonkwo’s compound wall, hoping not to be seen. They go past a small bush. It is next to a red hole in the wall where small animals enter and exit the compound. Finally, the men all stop. They spot the body dangling from a tree. They stand upright in shock. The carcass of Okonkwo steadily swings in the breeze. As each man looks upon it