The Avignon Papacy also called The Babylonian captivity of the papacy took placefrom 1309 to 1377. It is the name for the time in the history of Christianity when the pope moved its headquarters form Rome to Avignon in France. Avignon became the residence of the popes in 1309 when Pope Clement V along with the Curia, moved there. The most important reason for such change was a conflict between the Pope Boniface VIII and a French king Philip IV.The immediate cause of dispute was due to taxes imposed
Peregrine Laziosi was born in the year 1265, in Forlì, Italy. After living a satisfying life, filled with joyful hardships, Peregrine died of a bad fever on May 1, 1345. After several years, Peregrine was finally canonized by Pope Benedict XIII, on the 27th of December, 1726. To this day, people universally know him for his miracle and for being the Patron Saint of cancer, AIDS and any other incurable illness. Peregrine was born into a well-known, wealthy family: the Laziosis. This family, as
incorporated the new science of perspective, which allowed the sculptor to create figures that occupied measurable space. Donatello and Michelozzo traveled to Rome, where they produced several architectural sculptural tombs, including the tomb of Antipope John XXIII and the tomb of Cardinal Brancacci. In 1443, Donatello was called to the city of Padua by the family of the famous mercenary Erasmo da Narni, who had died earlier that year. Has this led to other contribution that are used
In 1053, Pope Leo IX made an unorthodox decision to personally lead a papal army against Norman forces in southern Italy. The two sides met at the Battle of Civitate where the Norman army decisively defeated the papal forces and subsequently captured the pope. In a letter the next year, Leo IX explained to the Byzantine emperor, Constantine Monomachos, why he felt the need to employ violence despite being a vicar of God on earth. He wrote that the Normans—who were themselves Catholic—embodied “an
St.Henry II was born in Albach, Hildesheim, Germany, 973. His feast day is July 13. This is the story of a man who became a holy emperor and was a wise ruler. He led and defended the Holy Roman Empire and he promoted peace in Europe so war wouldn’t come upon them. St. Henry is known as the patron saint of the childless and lame. He was the last of the Ottonian Empire. Henry was the son of Gisela and Henry II, Duke of Bavaria. Henry studied at the cathedral school, and was a devout, religious man
Donatello was born in 1386, Florence, Italy, Donato di Niccolò di Betto Bardi, he was also better known as Donatello, was an Italian Renaissance sculptor from Florence. He studied classical sculpture and used this to develop a complete Renaissance style in sculpture, whose periods in Rome, Padua and Siena introduced to other parts of Italy a long and productive career. He worked with stone, bronze, wood, clay, stucco and wax, and had several assistants, with four perhaps being a typical number. Though
Cosimo di Medici Cosimo di Giovanni de Medici was given the title Pater Patriae of Italy at his death and was also known as the primus inter pares. He was the founder of the Medici dynasty, who were during the Renaissance the de facto rulers of Florence. Even though Cosimo Medici was a powerful man, he was not an official ruler. Medici’s government also consisted of a council who would many times resist the laws that Medici put forth. This paper will look at the accomplishments of Cosimo di Medici
A book a day keeps the doctor away. Isn’t that how the saying goes? Maybe not, but everyone knows that reading’s definitely good for you. Although, finding a bookstore near you may be tougher these days, the readers experience while reading is no longer limited to paperbacks and hard covers. “A book is a literary composition that is published or intended for publication containing a set of printed, illustrated or blank sheets made of ink, paper parchment or other materials, fastened together to hinge
moments of note include his work in ending church schism in 1138 and his failed call for a second crusade in 1146 that ended in failure 2 years later. He was instrumental in securing the election of Innocent II to the papacy in preference to the antipope, Analectus II, and influenced the papacy when one of his disciples became Pope Eugene III in 1145. Furthermore, he took an active role in many theological controversies. Notably, his opposition to the dialectical theology of Gilbert de la Porrée
we wake up. We can’t get away from it and we never will because it was put on this Earth for a reason, to weed out the true believers of Jesus Christ. Hippolytus, a beloved Saint, and a disciple of John, was a well-respected Christian martyr and antipope from 218 to 235 A.D. He was a very controversial writer and his writing were often forgotten since they were written in Greek and schismatic. One of his many writings focused on the returning of Christ and the teachings, visions, and the coming of
History provides several horrible periods of violence, fear and murder. Such horrible acts against humanity have been committed in the name of religion, colonization, and racial superiority. The Holocaust, was one of the most catastrophic and saddest events in history, where about 11 million people, including Jewish children, families, and political dissenters were mass murdered. However, there exists another mournful and cruel period that marked the lives of many Sephardic Jews with secrecy and
Crusading and Manipulating The Crusades were holy wars with the goal of securing Jerusalem for Christian control, rather than Muslim control. After Pope Urban II gave a legendary speech in 1095, Christendom was galvanized into retaking the holy land, Jerusalem. People were so excited to conquest, that a large force, consisting mostly of peasants, could not wait to assist the main force that Pope Urban II was organizing. This impoverished, poorly prepared force attempted to march to Jerusalem. This
St. Catherine of Siena Catherine of Siena was born in Italy in 1347 at a time when political and religious changes were affecting the hierarchy of the Catholic Church. Dedicating her life to the Holy Spirit from a very young age, Catherine pursued a life of purity and simplicity that served as a background to her great literary work, The Dialogue of the Divine Providence . Her work focuses on the importance of prayer and its transcendent power in human life. In the early stages of Catherine's
Western European people had endured a series of changes during the late medieval period. Changes can be categorized into two aspects: politically and socially. On politics, Popes were not as strong as they were due to conflicts between the state and the church. Socially, people began to live a religion- dominated life, and experienced active sexism towards women. These changes, either positive or negative, have become an undivided part of European History. People faced the rise and the fall of the
Internationally, the Vatican has been seen as a symbol for the power of the Church throughout many centuries. Its ancient architecture and housing of the Holy See causes it to be seen essentially as the spiritual center of Catholicism. Besides its status as the home of the pope, the Vatican exists as a special sovereign state that is filled with an overwhelming amount of culture in such a small area. The city has witnessed some of the most monumental events in the Church’s history, which are documented
Holy Roman Empire Ever wondered what was one of the longest lasting empires that ever existed. The Holy Roman Empire was an empire with tremendous emperors and terrible emperors throughout its era. The Holy Roman Empire was an empire that was in existence from 800-1806(Cavendish). The Holy Roman Empire controls the majority of what is now Europe(Holy). During every change of emperors the landscape of the land they ruled changed to how they liked it during the Holy Roman Empire. What a good empire
1 2 Annotated BIbliography ?Annotated Bibliography for Research on the Papacy? Pattenden, M. (2012). The Papacy since 1500: From Italian Prince to Universal Pastor- Edited By James Corkery and Thomas Worcester. Journal of Historical Association. 97(325), 123-125 Is an article that explains about papacy in the period between 500 and 1500 CE. Papacy gained a lot of significance which brought about numerous changes both with its followers, the church itself and even political
The Rivers of France The Rhône system The Rhône is the great river of the southeast. Rising in the Alps, it passes through Lake Geneva (French: Lac Léman) to enter France, which has 324 miles of its total length of 505 miles. At Lyon it receives its major tributary, the Saône. In eastern France the direction of the main rivers is predominantly north-south through the Alpine furrow. The regime of the Rhône is complex. Near Lyon the Rhône and its important Isère and Drôme tributaries, draining