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Project management process( input,tools and techniques and output
Project management techniques
Project management techniques
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Projects contribute to innovation and development process of organizations. They indeed are different and they vary in size, types and challenges. In other words, projects are unique and specific with unambiguous deliverable targeted on meeting certain need or purpose (Mantel et al, 2005 p.1). It can be construction projects, or launching a new product or service, or the conduct of marketing event such as sales, promotions. In particular, a project personnel team, who are experts in specific function that regarding to project and then be grouped, plays an important role in planning, running and controlling the project. Therefore, this essay will discuss about why project personnel team is a critical resource of the project management. The component of successful project is “project management”, known as an application of knowledge, skills, tools and techniques to assists project activities encounter its requirements, according to Project Management Institute (2000, p.6). It occurs at all stages of project’s life cycle. The traditional project management life cycle comprises five phases: define the project, develop detailed plan, launch the plan, monitor/control project progress, and close out the project (Wysocki, 2007, p.35-44). Hence, it needs an exclusive group to do the project management task. According to Kemp, there are six keys to project success, especially; first key is managing communication and teamwork (2004, p.43-49). Hence, it can be said that the project personnel team is a crucial element in project. This is reason why project personnel team created to perform work on is that organizations need a group to involve with project from the initial stage to the end of the process to cope with various specific tasks d... ... middle of paper ... ...t challenges relating to cultural diversity due to projects conduct in overseas, or organization is international company and then staff may come from different countries. Cross-culture now is needed concerning. Hence, it can be seen that connecting role of project manager is essential in doing project as lacking communication between staff members lead to misunderstand, even conflict, broke the close relationship between members. In turn, if it actually was failure, it would have caused some significant consequences, for example, over-budget, financial problems, cannot meet deadline. In conclusion, project is a tool of organizations to innovate and develop. To accomplish project’s tasks, project management takes place through its life cycle. From discussion above, it is inevitable that project personnel team is a key resources contributing to successful project.
Both 1984 and The Handmaid’s Tale are dystopian novels, however, these books are a lot more complex than mere portrayals of dystopia, it can be argued that they are explorations of dystopia rather than mere portrayals. In order to explore dystopia, many themes must be considered, such as; feminism, love and repression. Nonetheless, it is apparent that human characteristics are the driving point of the two novels, predominantly, the depiction of human resilience. In an imperfect world, it is important to have certain qualities which, if plentiful, it can mean success, whereas if it lacks, it can mean failure, this characteristic is resilience. The protagonists in each novel, Winston in 1984 and Offred in The Handmaid’s Tale face situations which leave them both in disarray, and both even consider suicide. The authors tentatively highlight human resilience, its limits and most importantly its strengths into the two novels.
Hesiod’s Theogony and the Babylonian Enuma Elish are both myths that begin as creation myths, explaining how the universe and, later on, humans came to be. These types of myths exist in every culture and, while the account of creation in Hesiod’s Theogony and the Enuma Elish share many similarities, the two myths differ in many ways as well. Both myths begin creation from where the universe is a formless state, from which the primordial gods emerge. The idea of the earth and sky beginning as one and then being separated is also expressed in both myths.
Expanded and strengthened state private insurance companies are to be expected since more younger Texans enter the market thanks to the premium support. Texas can expect savings through more proper use of medical care, lower numbers in Medicaid, and savings from increased recipient cost sharing. Texas must refuse to comply with the new high-risk pools. There are many reasons Texas should not comply but the main reason is poor design. Currently, eighteen states have decided not to participate in these pools, Texas is undecided. Any person with a pre-existing medical disorder whom has been without insurance for six month will qualify. The law gave the Department of Health discretion in determining with conditions qualifies. Theoretically, the Department of Health could say the flu is a pre existing medical condition. If Texas does not refuse to comply with these pools it is only a matter of time before the demand will exceed the supply. A huge concern is when the funding is gone what do the state politicians do. I see two options. One, state officials will end the coverage all together and pull the plug. Two, continue to allow the program to run with the use of state tax dollars.
Scott Hightower’s poem “Father” could be very confusing to interpret. Throughout almost the entirety of the poem the speaker tries to define who his father is by comparing him to various things. As the poem begins the reader is provided with the information that the father “was” all of these things this things that he is being compared to. The constant use of the word “was” gets the reader to think ‘how come the speaker’s father is no longer comparable to these things?’ After the speaker reveals that his father is no longer around, he describes how his father impacted him. Details about the father as well as descriptions of the impacts the father has distraught on the speaker are all presented in metaphors. The repetitive pattern concerning the speaker’s father and the constant use of metaphors gives the reader a sense that the speaker possesses an obsessive trait. As the reader tries to interpret the seemingly endless amount of metaphors, sets of connotative image banks begin to develop in the reader’s mind. Major concepts that are expressed throughout the poem are ideas about what the speaker’s father was like, what he meant to the speaker, and how he influenced the speaker.
As a young graduate student who never been to Congress, Woodrow Wilson criticized the founding fathers on the separation of powers. Between his first book, Constitutional Government, in 1884, and his second book, Constitutional Government in the United States, in 1908, Wilson shifted his position on important structural features of the constitutional system. The first changed Wilson did in Constitutional Government, was to define the term “constitution” which he ignored in his first book. Second, Wilson focused his study on the presidential power defined by the constitution and third he also realized that external forces are now shaping American politics more than the intentions of the founders.
During the Great Depression, while the competitors were cutting costs and reusing outdated designs, Kress was expanding and building more elaborate stores than their previous ones. The architecture was referred to as an “emporium” evoking an elegant atmosphere more suited to a fine cloth or furniture store in New York rather than the five & dime stores dotting small town America. Many wonder what the driving force was behind these design decisions, especially during a national time of economic recession. Perhaps simply to outpace the competition, but perhaps more importantly Samuel Kress was an avid art collector and a proponent of public art enhancing a community. In this way the Kress legacy of the brand became more than a retail business, it became a symbol of small town civic pride.
As argued by Huemann, we have to assure quality by the project team, focusing on goal orientation and personal development and our organization should be an organizational learning by projects (Huemann & Gareis, 2000). In Our organization, we will adopt the principle of Project-Oriented Organization POO, for many preferences. As stated by the (Gareis and Huemann 1998), competencies are not only required by individuals, but also by project teams and by organizations. Further to this point, (Gareis and Huemann 1998) clarifies many things. The PM capabilities of people, task groups, and associations can be portrayed, measured and further created. As a task, the administration must be considered as a center fitness of the function based association (brought in this part the Project-Oriented Organization, POO); the Association must unequivocally grow this skill. Based on the philosophy of Gareis and Heumann, we could observe further characteristics of the
At the very least the United States has 51 funding systems for providing an education. All vary in the degree of spending and the type of spending students receives in the United States. Underfunding schools affects the poorest members of society the hardest, it has been a major problem in American politics for three decades, and it has led to decline of public education. Although underfunding schools threatens American education and society there are ways in which to alter the course of a failing education system.
A project is a temporary endeavour undertaken to create a unique product or service. They are goal oriented, have a definite start and finish time, must be done within cost, schedule and quality parameters. Projects involve the coordinated undertaking of interrelated activities (Project Management: Achieving Competitive Advantage). According to Tom Peters, “Projects, rather than repetitive tasks, are now the basis for most value-added in business”. Based on this, it is clear that projects are of utmost importance to businesses in both the service and the manufacturing industries.
Crawford (2000) suggests that project leadership is the highest ranking category among project management competence factors. Project management leadership style affects overall project performance. Recent research supports the idea that successful projects are led by individuals who possess not only a blend of technical and management knowledge, but also leadership skills that are internally compatible with the motivation of the project team (Slevin and Pinto, 1988; Turner et al., 1998). Zimmerer and Yasin (1998) found that positive leadership contributed almost 76% to the success of projects. Negative or poor leadership contributed 67% to the failure of projects. Project leaders need both, relationships and task oriented leadership styles, to cope with the challenges within different phases of project (Slevin and Pinto, 1991). In projects, project leaders must lead their teams towards completing defined goals with in a fixed time scale. Verma (1997) states “Achieving the goal or final aim is the ultimate test of leadership”. Goals and tasks are achieved through people thus making people an important resource for
The role of different managers in a project was the first topic which have been explained in the class and the roles and responsibilities as well as the impact would be made by different managers in a project were also discussed during the class. My lecturer illustrated different management styles with
In the globalized economy, Successful project managers are in much demand across many industries. Organizations strongly need experienced project managers to lead their staff to accomplish their business goals and deliver successful projects. In an increasingly complex environment, project managers need to turn into many roles and have all kinds of responsibilities at each level of management within an organization. Good project managers are not born. They need to be trained. They develop their skills through study, practise and experience. They become better project managers after they finish a successful project each time. They learn new techniques and apply them on their projects. They learn their lessons from failed projects and then improve to be better project managers in the future.
When planning a new project, how the project will be managed is one of the most important factors. The importance of a managers will determine the success of the project. The success of the project will be determined by how well it is managed. Project management is referred to as the discipline that entails the processes of carefully planning, organizing, controlling, and motivating the organization resources so as to foster and facilitate the achievement of specific established and desired goals and meet the specific criteria of success required in the organization (Larson, 2014). Over the course of this paper I will be discussing and analyzing the importance of project management.