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The importance of Nature vs. Nurture in child development
The importance of Nature vs. Nurture in child development
Does social class affect students education attainment
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Today in approximately 95 million middle-class American homes the idea that you can pick up the phone on a Friday afternoon and invite a friend over for dinner is foreign. It is a completely alien concept that a family could make plans to share quality time with friends and extended family without a two to four week advanced notice. However, in the 200 million working class and poverty level homes the idea of not being able to make those last minute plans is the foreign thought. Parenting styles in these American homes is what Annette Lareau addresses in “Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life”. Based on my experience and other evidence, Lareau’s argument that middle and upper class parents use concerted cultivation and working class parents use natural growth is accurate because our personal calendars of events do not lie. I grew up in a two income, working class household with one sibling. Neither of my parents had a secondary education and both worked an average of 45 to 50 hours a week to support the family. During the entire 4 years of high school I cannot recall my mother asking me about one homework assignment, attending one band concert or football game. She didn’t encourage me to be involved in community organizations or civic activities. She did allow me to participate in the activities I chose on my own and for the most part she just left me to figure things out on my own. We also always seemed to live near family that we would gather with and rely on with great regularity and I can’t recall ever looking at a calendar or schedule to determine my future plans. According to Kris Gutierrez, Carolina Izquierdo and Tamar Kremer-Sadlik, authors of the article "Middle Class Working Families' Beliefs and Eng... ... middle of paper ... ... the American middle-class that has spent the better part of three decades in a decline. That decline coupled with the natural behavior to adapt and adjust would logically lead to the desire to provide the best path to opportunity we can for their children. Works Cited 1. Gutierrez, Kris D., Carolina Izquierdo, and Tamar Kremer-Sadlik. "Middle Class Working Families' Beliefs and Engagement in Children's Extra-Curricular Activities: The Social Organization of Children's Futures." The International Journal of Learning 17.3 (2010): 633-56. Web. 21 May 2014. 2. Putnam, Robert D., Carl B. Frederick, and Kaisa Snellman. "Growing Class Gaps in Social Connectedness among American Youth." Harvard Kennedy School of Government, 8 Aug. 2012. Web. 21 May 2014. 3. Lareau, Annette. "1." Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life. Berkeley: U of California, 2003. Print.
Growing up in The United States, people are given this idea of an American Dream. Almost every child is raised to believe they can become and do anything they want to do, if one works hard enough. However, a majority of people believe that there is a separation of class in American society. Gregory Mantsios author of “Class in America-2009” believes that Americans do not exchange thoughts about class division, although most of people are placed in their own set cluster of wealth. Also political officials are trying to get followers by trying to try to appeal to the bulk of the population, or the middle class, in order to get more supporters. An interesting myth that Mantsios makes in his essay is how Americans don’t have equal opportunities.
Although it may not occur often Lareau fails to gives examples of different social classes using the opposite parenting style that is expected. Not every family is the same. In this book, every middle and upper middle class family focused on concerted cultivation and every working and lower class families focused on accomplishment of natural growth as their parenting styles. The book shows absolutely no example of a working or lower class families that raise their children under the concerted cultivation parenting styles and vice versa. From a personal standpoint, I was raised in the middle class and according to these two parenting styles it is likely that I will be raised in a concerted cultivation environment but in reality I was raised with a mix of concerted cultivation and accomplishment of natural growth with more of an emphasis on accomplishment of natural growth. There are most likely many other families that may mix these two parenting styles together or use the one that is not commonly associated with their social class and Lareau failed to also represent those families in her
People live in quite similar and yet vastly different Umwelten. In this reflexive paper I intend to explore for myself some ideas about the Umwelten of inner city, lower SES African American families (I taught in inner city Washington, D.C.) and white American suburban middle class families. Different Umwelten can lead to vastly different ways of thinking about what it means to be successful in life and, thus, how parents raise and what they desire for their children.
As mentioned before, sociologists Coontz and Hochschild further elaborate upon Parsons and Bales’ concepts of the American family, but they mostly critique the idea of the male-breadwinner family. One of the main arguments Coontz and Hochschild present is the decline of the male-breadwinner family due to the economic changes of the United States and the arising social norms of consumerism. Because Parsons and Bales never considered how the changes throughout society would affect family, they believed the male-breadwinner family would continue to be a functional type of family for everyone. However, within her text, “What We Really Miss about the 1950s,” Coontz specifically discusses the major expense of keeping mothers at home as consumption norms...
After reading “Invisible Inequality: Social Class and Childrearing in Black Families and White Families,” by Annette Lareau, it was evident that she collected much data from her study of different types of families. In this study, with the help of other sociologists, Lareau went into the lives of both black and white middle class and working class/ poor families. In her study she observed the behavior of children at home, school, and in the public eye. She observed the parenting methods the adults chose to use and the child’s reaction to them. Lareau and her team were able to see what influences certain factors such as income, race, family size, home location, schooling, and career choices had on each family and their children.
Lareau, Annette. Unequal Childhoods: Class, Race, and Family Life. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 2011. Print.
From the first Colonial settlements to the Civil War, a great many changes took place within American society. Increasing industrialization in the North and an increase in large-scale farming coupled with reliance on slave labor in the South led to very different values and socially accepted lifestyles than were commonplace in the early colonies. In both of these societies, there was a shift from a community subsistence existence to one of markets and wages. These changes are reflected nowhere more distinctly and thoroughly than in the individual “microcosms of society:” the American family.
...to a certain age group desire these things -- but she did not take into account immigrants. No matter when a certain immigrant woman is born, once she has arrived into the United States she wants a job and a family -- a career comes later. For an immigrant woman, it is never a question between a family or a job, you have both -- you must have a job to keep the family healthy and in need of nothing. For an immigrant woman coming from a socialist government where benefits were nonexistent, jobs in America that do offer benefits do not advocate inequality, but advocate progress and an opportunity to support one's family by fully participating in the labor market. Immigrant families never lose sight of the importance of family and the support that they can offer you. Society is constantly changing and new and better things are always improving, but the help of one's family members can never be overlooked -- some traditions promote modernization and progress. The authors of the economic models discussed try to fit people into categories without taking into account very important exceptions -- personal values will never fit into categories and will always promote equality and progress.
Louie, Vivian. 2001. “Parents’ Aspirations and Investment: The Role of Social Class in the Educational
In his novel Our Kids, Robert Putnam speaks on about how the 1970’s brought a change in family structures. The family structure of two strong parents and stigma against wedlock births and pre-marital sex quickly began to fade. Birth control and the feminist revolution contributed to these rapid changes. Women began to work and were “in part, freed from patriarchal norms” (Putnam 62). Rather than conforming the female gender role and staying home, having children, and putting food on the table, women actually started to become a part of the economy. They were not as focused on the idea of marriage and finding an economically stable husband to provide for them. The decrease in family structure quickly began to affect opportunity inequality among individuals. Those children with “neo-traditional” marriages are more like to receive a college degree rather than those without. Having a lower-income family reduces educational opportunities children have. While a child from a two-income family may attend a private school with resources that assist them in getting into ivy league schools, a kid from a single parent family may have to attend a public school where there is not even access to a computer lab or extracurricular activities. The lack of education these kids have contributes to their lack of opportunity to receive a college degree. Normally, a college degree allows individuals to receive a higher income than those who just have a high-school diploma. They simply are not exposed to the resources to succeed. This contributes to the inequality of opportunity, and ultimately, the inequality of income. Not only does the structure of family affect the outcome of children, but also the style of
While the the 1%, are secured, no one is addressing the rest of the people. As the economy flourishes, housing, higher education and health care, and child care increases with it to the point where 30 percent of a person’s income goes towards housing. People are finding it impossible to purchase a house with their middle class incomes. People begin to fall out of the once stable middle class because too much is needed to be sacrificed in order to live in a stable home. In the shrinking middle class, “40% or more of the residents live below the poverty
The “American Dream” consists of all U.S citizens having the opportunity to obtain success and prosperity through hard work and determination, but, in a capitalistic economy such as the United States the “American Dream” is merely impossible. Low wages are masked as starting points, taught to eventually pay off in the form of small raises or promotions. Competition to obtain unequally shared resources, is used to define an individual’s extent of initiative. In reality, these are all concepts used by the wealthy to deter the poor working class from obtaining upward mobility. Middle class America, the key factor in helping the wealthy stay wealthy, have adapted to these beliefs and concepts, created to keep them far behind. Conflict theorist
According to the articles, there is increasing knowledge how young people use their time outside of school has consequences for their development. This knowledge indicates that organized activities, extracurricular activities, after-school programs, and youth organizations have increased distinctly. The intensity of research on controlled activities has revealed positive consequences of participation for academic, educational, social, civic, and physical development. This information, along with the safety and supervision provided by structured activities for youth with working parents, has stimulated programs at the local, state and Federal levels to expand opportunities for participation. There are various doubts that exist in participating in controlled activities that has become overwhelming for youth. This “over-scheduling” is considered to be a result of pressure from adults (parents, coaches, teachers) to achieve and accomplish continuing education and career goals. These outside demands, beside the activity-related time obligation, can be related to poor psychosocial adjustment for youth and to deteriorate their relationships with their parents. The proposition is that increased amounts of structured activity participation will be detrimental to youth and family functioning, attention from scientists, practitioners, and policy-makers are reasonable. Two types of evidence were reviewed to assess these different viewpoints: data from published studies focused on regional, historical, or limited samples, and data from an especially recent nationally delegate illustration of America 5 to 18 year olds that includes time, data and information on a broad range of indicators of development. The main findings across the st...
Studies among elementary students have shown that there are advantages that come along with providing extracurricular activities in schools. The first very important advantage is what it teaches these children, ages 5 to 10 during the early stages of cognitive d...
“[N]either the right nor the left of our political culture values the work that parents do” (Hewlett, 1998, p. 32). For many years I was raising two children by myself and could barely make ends meet. It was a very defeating experience. One of my biggest regrets in life is that I had to work long hours and missed the majority of my children’s early years. “Sagging wages, mounting insecurity, and lengthening work weeks make up the vanguard of the war against parents” (Hewlett 1998, p. 33). The lack of adequate salary kept me from being able to save money to move home to Washington after my divorce. My parents and siblings still lived in Washington and, by not being able to return, I remained separated from the family resources that could have helped me and my children. In fact, I couldn’t even afford to come home when most of my grandparents passed away. I still occasionally experience twinges of sorrow for the time I lost with my