Chapter Two
1. What do the four primary technologies of mass communication have in common?
All forms of mass communication depend on having a consumer base. Without people to read/watch/listen/view they would be pointless.
2. What industries have been built around the different media technologies?
Where to start…Starting with books, and moving all the way down the line to in the moment news. Movies, TV, Videogames, and the internet all have evolved with newest technologies.
3. Do any media technology innovations since Johannes Gutenberg rival the transformational impact of his moving metal type?
Personally I don’t think so. Dyson described its invention as the turning point at which “knowledge began freely replicating and quickly assumed
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Because of him, the rotary press was invented. Then even higher speed presses were produced.
5. What facilitated the integration of word driven and illustration driven media messages?
Photography. In the 1870’s, at Cornell University, experiments were preformed, led to technology that empowered us to mass produce images.
6. Explain the assertion: Photography and words are not mass media but are essential for the media to exploit their potential.
Photography and words are part of our everyday life. Both are forms that we use to communicate with people around us.
7. How does persistence of vision work in movies? How about 3-D movies?
Persistence of vision is the phenomenon of the eye by which an afterimage is thought to persist for approximately one twenty-fifth of a second on the retina. Persistence of vision were fast changing photos that create the illusion of movement.
8. How does the impact of Emile Berliner’s invention of the metal recording disk compare with Gutenberg’s printing press?
Both made advances in a felid that many people enjoy, even to this day. I can’t say one is better than the other, for they both made a huge
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By the use of Internet and advanced mobile services, people are able to discuss business plans and proposals on an international level as well as exchange private data securely. Global communication services have also contributed to the enlightenment and development of the political process in a number of states.
10. How is persistence of vision employed differently in television and movies?
Persistence of vision is still the accepted term for this phenomenon in the realm of cinema history and theory. In the early days of film innovation, it was determined that a frame rate of less than 16 frames per second caused the mind to see flashing images
11. Satellite television companies advertise they are available to home owners anywhere in the United States as long as they have unrestricted access to the southern sky. Why south?
Because the satellites are in geosynchronous orbit.
12. What technologies transformed the sleepy small town cable television industry beginning in the 1970’s?
The wire. The landline.
13. How has the semiconductor transformed modern life? And mass media too?
It made telephonic communication more possible.
14. Is Tim Berners-Lee in the same league as Gutenberg? Edison? Marconi?
The printing press was, arguably, the most impactful invention in history. Created by Johannes Gutenberg, the printing press are sets of metal letters set in a frame that could be inked, papered and pressed. The printing press affected the fast and wide spread of new ideas changing everyday life. The Protestant Reformation was a movement that changed people’s mind about Catholic belief and created new sects of Christianity. The Exploration Era led to many discoveries of the Americas and opened up the curiosity of many. Both of these historical events were important consequences of the printing press. The Exploration Era was the more important consequence of the printing press than the Protestant Reformation.
(Hook) Throughout the history of man, there has been numerous achievements in human communication that have changed lives greatly. (Bridge) One of the milestones in communication was the printing press. (Background Info) In 1450, Johannes Gutenberg invented the printing press in Germany. By 1600, more than 200 million books had come off the presses. Therefore, an average person living in Europe at the time could own a book, such as a copy of the Bible. As the number of books being produced increased, the literacy rate increased as well. As a result, people started to read and explore topics such as science, religion, and geography. The printing press led to a major price drop in books, more knowledge learned, and many significant events in history, such as the Age of Exploration and the Reformation. (Thesis) I believe that the most crucial consequence of the printing press was the Age of Exploration.
Johannes Gutenberg’s invention of the movable type printing press changed the world. It changed religion, literature, and geography. He used molds instead of having scribes handwrite books. It helped produce written works at a much faster rate than previously. This made them cheaper, and more affordable to the less fortunate. This increased the literacy rate. Gutenberg’s original printing press was invented in Germany, but quickly spread throughout Europe (Document 2). Gutenberg’s creation is no doubt one of the most useful things we have in today’s world.
Sontag, Susan. "Essay | Photography Enhances Our Understanding of the World." BookRags. BookRags. Web. 15 Apr. 2014.
The printing press was invented by the well-known Johannes Guttenberg in 1450’s. The idea of the printing press came from the Chinese which introduced Woodblock Printing in 600CE (BackGround Essay). The exploration of the Printing press idea was useful to the reformation of Guttenberg’s idea of the printing press, going from movable wooden types- To metal frames that wouldn’t wear out. The idea of Exploring the Printing press is a major key because without having the exploration of the printing press there would’ve been no reformation of it, to make it better. The purpose of this essay is to tell whether the Exploration or Reformation was the more important consequence.
Throughout history, there have been many inventions to help humans communicate, such as the telephone, typewriter, and many more. One great milestone was the printing press. The printing press was invented in 1,450 CE by Johannes Gutenberg. The printing press is a machine that could quickly mass produce books at a cheap cost. He created the invention in Germany. The printing press lead to a higher distribution in books at a lower price. As a result, the literacy rate was increased and more people were able to learn about science, religion, and geology.
The Gutenberg printer consisted of a base that was constructed out of wood that provided a stable platform for the printing process. This required pressing paper onto ink typed heads. A holder, which was also constructed of wood, was there to hold the paper in place for use to be pressed against the ink types. The paper was sandwiched between two frames and was placed on a wedge so that the paper could be easily removed and the ink types could be replaced. Once solid, letters were affixed on the top of rectangular stalks, which themselves were slotted into a rectangular container in order. Individual letters were made by pouring a lead-tin alloy into a copper mold. The paper was then placed on top of the rectangular container and pressed upon the inked type with a heavy screw clamp.
Mass media is designed to reach large audiences through the use of technology. Its purpose is
Johannes Gutenberg, a creator of the Renaissance, invented one of the greatest devices of all time, the printing press. Gutenberg was born in 1398 in Mainz, Germany to his parents, Friele and Else Gensfliesch. He also had two brothers. Not many people during Gutenberg’s time could read. But he was determined to be able to read. The only books back then were written by hand by monks and were very hard to come by. These books were also very expensive and would take a couple months to make. Because of this inconvenience, all books were preordered ahead of time so that the monks could have enough time to write them and get them to the person buying them when they needed the book. Gutenberg had a few other jobs before he became an inventor. He was a gemstone cutter and polisher and he was also a goldsmith before his inventing days. He also made designs in metal; this is where all his ideas and thinking began.
Gutenberg’s printing press was one of the most important inventions of the renaissance, as it has had a major impact on both the Renaissance and todays world of printing. The Gutenberg Press, impacted the renaissance by, making books and information easier and cheaper to reproduce and print, spreading more information easier and faster to vast audiences eager for new information, helping advance science and technology, and also by helping the economy grow stronger through creating new industries and the constant purchasing of books.
Throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, radical and controversial ideas were created in what would become a time period of great advances. The Scientific Revolution began with a spark of inspiration that spread a wild fire of ideas through Europe and America. The new radical ideas affected everything that had been established and proven through religious views. "The scientific revolution was more radical and innovative than any of the political revolutions of the seventeenth century."1 All of the advances that were made during this revolutionary time can be attributed to the founders of the Scientific Revolution.
... Gutenberg revolution and its relevance to the current mode of electronic publishing is relevant only if there are certain pre-existing conditions in the society. In conclusion one would like to point out that electronic publishing would only shape the course of history and contribute to the understanding and change of one’s environment if these publications are not mere clones of the available hard copies. The medium’s independent existence as way of providing information is the only way real change can be brought about.
The newspaper industry presaged its decline after the introduction of the television and televised broadcasting in the 1950s and then after the emergence of the internet to the public in the 1990s and the 21st century with its myriad of media choices for people. Since then the readership of printed media has declined whilst digital numbers continue to climb. This is mostly due to television and the internet being able to offer immediate information to viewers and breaking news stories, in a more visually stimulating way with sound, moving images and video. Newspapers are confined to paper and ink and are not considered as ‘alive’ as these other mediums.
In almost all areas, photography is used. From 1827-2014, it is still present and still being enhanced. From film photographs to digital photographs, camera companies today keep improving their cameras. They keep enhancing their cameras to produce better quality and resolution for photographs. Even non-professional photographers today buy and use their own camera to take their own photographs. Even cellphones today have their own built-in cameras.
Then, the third assumption, also explained by West and Turner (2011) means that “the media and its audience do not exist in a vacuum… the relationship between media and audiences is influenced by that society.”