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Essay on aboriginal tribes in australia
Effects of colonisation on aboriginal
Essay on aboriginal tribes in australia
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For more than 60000 years, Aboriginal people have been lived with in the land called “Australia” with out invasion from outside world. However, from 1788 when European first came and settled on the land of Aboriginal as their new habitation which change the Aboriginal people life in many ways. The purpose of this report is to research and discuss about changing of Aboriginal people life after the arrival of the first fleet of European in 1788. This report will discuss the changing of the Aboriginal life from 1788 to 1901, which includes dispossession and protectionism. It will also highlight the struggle for right and freedom of Aboriginal people from 1901 to the present including Assimilation, Integration and Self-determination. In addition, it will identify role and achievement of Chatty Freeman and who influence Aboriginal’s culture to the forefront of society. 1. Aboriginal people of Australia Aboriginal people are the first people or indigenous people of Australia who first came to Australia in the Ice age period from Southeast Asia. Aboriginal are people with close relationship with land and maintain their link with ancestral Aboriginal spirits for more than ten thousand years. Aboriginal were nomadic hunter and gatherers who would move to find resource in different seasons. In early 1788, there were probably about 500.000 to 1 million Aboriginal people living in Australia. 1.1.Invasion and Settlement of European in 1788. Captain James Cook found Australia on 29 April 1770. Captain James Cook landed on Botany Bay and named it as New South Wales. However, in 1788 the first fleet of British convicted lead by Captain Arthur Phillip arrived to Australia, which was the beginning of European settlement in Australia. The arriva... ... middle of paper ... ...dge of under standing between Aboriginal people and Non-Aboriginal people. Mandawuy and the band also achieved the most significant opportunities, which are performing at Sydney Olympics Game’s closing ceremony and the Opening ceremony of Paralympics Game. 4. Conclusion. As can be seen, from European arrival in 1788 to present days the lives of aboriginal people have been affected in many ways such as suffering with unfamiliar diseases, violence and dispossessed of spiritual land. Aboriginal people also struggled for right and freedom, which struggled against stolen generation and assimilation. However, Aboriginal people began to achieve equality right and freedom as non- Aboriginal people since the referendum in 1967. Therefore, Australian should be considered at this point in order to close the gap between Aboriginal people and Non-Aboriginal people in the future.
In 1770, Captain James Cook discovered, and claimed Australia to be controlled by the control King George III of England. However by 1788, this new territory was colonized by what is known as the First Fleet, which consisted of eleven ships, and approximately 1,350 people. These colonists landed in Camp Cove, where they encountered the Cadigal natives. This was the first colony Britain set up in Australia. Soon after, the Second Fleet arrived with the necessary food and other supplies needed to survive.
There have been many unanswered questions in Australia about Aboriginal history. One of these is which government policy towards indigenous people has had the largest impact on Indigenous Australians? Through research the Assimilation Policy had the largest impact upon Indigenous Australians and the three supporting arguments to prove this are the Aborigines losing their rights to freedom, Aboriginal children being removed from their families, and finally the loss of aboriginality.
Of the 8 successful, the 1967 referendum which proposed the removal of the words in section 51 (xxvi) ‘… other than the aboriginal people in any State’ (National Archives of Australia ND), and the deletion of section 127, both, which were discriminative in their nature toward the Aboriginal race, recorded a 90.77% nationwide vote in favour of change (National Archives of Australia, 2014). As a result, the Constitution was altered; highlighting what was believed to be significant positive political change within Indigenous affairs at the time (National Archives of Australia, 2014). Approaching 50 years on, discussion has resurfa...
As European domination began, the way in which the European’s chose to deal with the Aborigines was through the policy of segregation. This policy included the establishment of a reserve system. The government reserves were set up to take aboriginals out of their known habitat and culture, while in turn, encouraging them to adapt the European way of life. The Aboriginal Protection Act of 1909 established strict controls for aborigines living on the reserves . In exchange for food, shelter and a little education, aborigines were subjected to the discipline of police and reserve managers. They had to follow the rules of the reserve and tolerate searchers of their homes and themselves. Their children could be taken away at any time and ‘apprenticed” out as cheap labour for Europeans. “The old ways of the Aborigines were attacked by regimented efforts to make them European” . Their identities were threatened by giving them European names and clothes, and by removing them from their tra...
Reynolds, H. (1990). With The White People: The crucial role of Aborigines in the exploration and development of Australia. Australia: Penguin Books
the test of time as the future of Australia goes on. The laws that replaced the Aboriginal
Since the time of federation the Aboriginal people have been fighting for their rights through protests, strikes and the notorious ‘day of mourning’. However, over the last century the Australian federal government has generated policies which manage and restrained that of the Aboriginal people’s rights, citizenships and general protection. The Australian government policy that has had the most significant impact on indigenous Australians is the assimilation policy. The reasons behind this include the influences that the stolen generation has had on the indigenous Australians, their relegated rights and their entitlement to vote and the impact that the policy has had on the indigenous people of Australia.
Within Australia, beginning from approximately the time of European settlement to late 1969, the Aboriginal population of Australia experienced the detrimental effects of the stolen generation. A majority of the abducted children were ’half-castes’, in which they had one white parent and the other of Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. Following the government policies, the European police and government continued the assimilation of Aboriginal children into ‘white’ society. Oblivious to the destruction and devastation they were causing, the British had believed that they were doing this for “their [Aborigines] own good”, that they were “protecting” them as their families and culture were deemed unfit to raise them. These beliefs caused ...
Australia’s Indigenous people are thought to have reached the continent between 60 000 and 80 000 years ago. Over the thousands of years since then, a complex customary legal system have developed, strongly linked to the notion of kinship and based on oral tradition. The indigenous people were not seen as have a political culture or system for law. They were denied the access to basic human right e.g., the right to land ownership. Their cultural values of indigenous people became lost. They lost their traditional lifestyle and became disconnected socially. This means that they were unable to pass down their heritage and also were disconnected from the new occupants of the land.
Key events in Aboriginal Australian history stem from the time Australia was first discovered in 1788. For instance, when Federation came into existence in 1901, there was a prevailing belief held by non Aboriginal Australians that the Aborigines were a dying race (Nichol, 2005:259) which resulted in the Indigenous people being excluded from the constitution except for two mentions – Section 127 excluded Aborigines from the census and Section 51, part 26, which gave power over Aborigines to the States rather than to the Federal Government. Aboriginal people were officially excluded from the vote, public service, the Armed Forces and pensions. The White Australia mentality/policy Australia as “White” and unfortunately this policy was not abolished until 1972. REFERENCE
Archaeological evidence suggests that human first occupied Australia (fig. 1) approximately 50000 years ago. (Dorey, 2011) Early ‘modern humans’ (homo sapiens) are believed to have migrated from the Asian continent to Australia using land bridges (fig. 2) (Ows.edb.utexas.edu, n.d.) Shortly after arriving in Australia it is thought that they (now known as Indigenous Australians) moved inland and rapidly spread throughout the country using the river systems of Queensland and Southern Australia. (Mayell, 2003) The Indigenous people began to appreciate the land and the resources that it offered. Their culture developed many spiritual relationships with the land and its natural resources; it was in their opinion, their responsibility to take care of the land. (Welch, n.d.) However, European settlers that colonised Australia viewed the country as a bountiful source of money and riches.
More than 500 Indigenous tribes inhabited Australia prior to British settlement, and each group lived in close relationship to the land (Digital, 2015). Practicing and revitalising cultural traditions, spiritual traditions and customs should be a right for all Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians (Streich, 2009, p.28). Indigenous Australians identify themselves through their region, language, relationships and stories. Their cultural heritage is passed on throughout the generations (Australia.gov.au, 2015). For the Aboriginal people killing animals for food and building shelters is a ritual and, very much, a cultural and spiritual journey. Indigenous people were restricted and prohibited from practicing their traditional culture, which resulted in the loss of their identity and limited the cultural knowledge for future generations. The Indigenous culture was attacked in an effort to make the Indigenous people more European. Their identity was threatened by giving them settler names, clothes, and removing them from their traditional lands and placing them on centralised reserves among other Indigenous people from many different tribes. This policy of segregation had an enormous impact on the lives of Aborigines. They were being deprived the right to practice and maintain the traditional
This will benefit all to read and become culturally aware of the country and its people. It is believed that over 50,000 years ago Australians arrived by boat from Southeast Asia. Most 18th century Australians were hunters and gatherers. They had complex oral culture and religious based values on reverence for aboriginal mythology. This mythology, referred to as Dreamtime is in the sacred era and believed that spirits created the world. In 1770, Captain James Cook chartered the east coast of Australia for the British. The First fleet of eleven ships carried 1500 people and half of the colony consisted of convicts all arriving in Sydney Harbor on January 26 1778. In 1868, when penal transportation ended over 160,000 men and women had arrived in Australia as convicts. These criminals arrived because they could not go to America anymore. In the early 1790s, life was hard for prisoners both male and female. The aborigines suffered because of the new settlements when they bought diseases. New settlers in the 1820’s turned land given to them into farms. The aborigines suffered even more when settlers started moving into their territory for work on the farms. In 1825, the Yuggera people settled close to Brisbane. About four years later English settled in Perth and a squatter sailed to Port Phill...
The Aborigines, native people of Australia, have been subjected to restrictive laws, unimaginable treatment, and abuse for over a century. This mistreatment of fellow human beings by the Australian government led to the almost depletion of an entire race of people. Because of this, without a doubt it can be correctly stated that the Australian government committed a genocide of the Aboriginal people. This genocide has left social tears in Australia that are still visible today.
The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have been the first nations, which represented the whole Australian population, for centuries. However, the continuous European colonization has severely affected these peoples and, over the decades, their unique values and cultures, which enriched the life of Australian nation and communities, were not respected and discriminated by numerous restrictive policies. As a result, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples have turned into the voiceless minority of the Australian population. Fortunately, in recent years, these issues became the concern of the Australian government, promoting a slight improvement in the well being of native Australians. Nowadays, there are numerous social work