Do you ever wonder why people do what they do? Does it surprise you that your friends or your siblings react so differently to the same situation? Some people tend to be friendly and open-minded. Some prefer to keep to themselves. Some are very careful in putting things together while some care less about how things are arranged. In a typical social setting, people’s different attitudes can be easily observed. While some people are busy making new friends, others seem to be the center of attraction and playing a leading role. Somewhere in the corner, someone is just on his or her own, observing what is happening while some don’t seem to be interested in anything happening. There are different people in the world who have personalities that make them unique. Since the days of Ancient Greece to the present day, it has been confirmed that there are four different temperaments: sanguine type, phlegmatic type, choleric type and melancholic type.
The four temperaments is a psychological theory that suggests that there are four fundamental personality types. The Greek physician Hippocrates (466-370 BC) combined the four temperaments into his theory as part of the ancient medical concept of humorism that four bodily fluids affect human personality traits and behaviors. He believed that certain human moods, emotions and behaviors were caused by an excess or lack of fluids-humors: blood, yellow bile, black bile and phlegm. The word “temperament” comes from the Latin word “temperare”, -to mix. It was Claudius Galen, a Greek physician (AD 131-200) who categorized the temperaments into the Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, and Phlegmatic, after the bodily humors named above respectively. Each was a product of an excess of one of the humors tha...
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...r caution enables them to prevent problems that the more impulsive sanguine run into because they think and plan before they act. They are loyal to family and friends and are possessive. They have analytic energy and can be creative or artistic. They also desire recognition for their work. An example of a melancholic is Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
Most people are a unique blend of these four different temperaments where all of the traits are present to some extent. However, some of these traits are predominant. The predominant type is considered the main temperament. Although we probably display all four temperaments, we can easily identify with one. These temperaments have also been used to help understand the reactions and attitudes of people and why they act so. Each temperament is as significant as the other and they help us appreciate the diversity of personalities.
In the article “Dealing with People”, Greg McGrew explains that different types of personality to solve the problems of people’s relationship in our society. He classifies people by four types that are dominants, expressives, analyticals, and amiables. Greg begins with dominants who are forceful, confident, sociable, outgoing, and confrontational tend to threat their mental. Secondly, he describes expressives who are also quite forceful and reluctant to reject a suggestion due to concern about relationship. Talking with them is good method of treating expressive people. Then, he points out that analytical people deliberate to get the right answer. Even though they are superior in making decision, they need time to think how to answer the question.
There are some human phenomena, which seem to be the result of individual actions and personal decisions. Yet, these phenomena are often - on closer inspection – as much a result of social factors as of psychological ones.
In today’s culture psychologist, sociologist, and scientist investigate several types of personalities. Personality is the pattern of behavior, though process, emotions, and reactions to the people that surround us on daily basis. Several test have been developed for testing personalities. Some test can be simple and short while others lengthy and complicated. Scholars demonstrated knowledge about personalities looking back many thousands of years. The Greeks published a well documented history in profiling people according to personality traits. Two interesting character personalities are conformist type personality and manipulative type personality.
Based on the results of factor analyses of responses on personality questionnaires he identified three dimensions of personality: extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism. Eysenck's theory of personality fixated on two dimensions of higher-order traits, extraversion vs. introversion and emotional stability vs. neuroticism, or emotional instability. Extraverts are commonly kenned as being loud and outgoing while introverts are often thought of as quiet and reserved. Sundry personality traits shown in the outer ring fall within the two major dimensions of personality suggested by Hans Eysenck. The inner circle shows how Hippocrates' four major personality types - choleric (short-tempered, fast, or irritable), sanguine (enthusiastic, active, and social) phlegmatic (relaxed and peaceful) and melancholic (analytical, wise, and quiet) fit within Eysenck's dimensions. (Simply Psychology,
An individual’s behaviour may differ depending on the circumstances they are in though there are definite signs of repetitive behaviour when placed in majority of the situations. These characteristics are known as traits which make up the personality of each person (Engler, 2014). Personality theorists do not have a mutual agreement on how the term personality should be used. They each have their definition of personality thus providing a large number of diverse personality theories (Engler, 2014). For example, Eysenck (1970) defined personality as a relatively permanent and consistent composition of an individual’s disposition that in turn establishes how the person adjusts to their
Personality is massive part of an individual’s identity. Our personalities dictate our patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting. An individual’s personality exposes them to predispositions and habits that influence their actions and lives. Early on, personality assessments consisted of physical features ranging from head shape and facial characteristics to body type. In today’s world, personality assessments are mainly based around traits. Traits are simply descriptions of one’s habitual patterns of behavior, thought and emotion. The most popular personality assessment is the Five-Factor Model, also known as The Big Five. This model allows us to describe people based on the five main traits/dimensions. These traits are extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience. Each of these five traits measures a different aspect of one’s personality. Extraversion is based on one’s level of engagement with the world,
Personality is patterns of thinking, behavior and emotional responses that make up individuality over time. Psychologist attempt to understand how personality develops and its impact on how we behave. Several theories attempt to explain personality, using different approaches. The social-cognitive and humanistic approaches are two of many theories that attempt to explain personality. This essay will identify the main concepts of social-cognitive and humanistic approach, identify perspective differences and discuss approach limitations.
Raymond B. Cattell (1906-1998) studied the personality traits of large groups of people, calling the visible features of their personalities “surface traits.” During his studies, Cattell observed that certain “surface traits” would appear simultaneously in individuals. When Cattell noticed this trend occurring frequently he renamed the group of “surface traits” “source traits”. At the conclusion of his research Cattell identified sixteen “source traits.”
...t functions in our everyday life and relationships. Our culture is a good determinant of how we may act and show our feelings around people. The social conventions in our culture also serves as a guide as to what is supposed to be proper behavior when we are playing our social roles in the society we live in. There are times when people would choose to present artificial emotions because of the anxious situations that they are dealing with, hence refusing to disclose their feelings to others. A person’s personality also has huge influence on how they understand and convey expressions; just as our personality shapes our emotions, in turn our emotions also affect our personality. The people that we often socialize with can influence our feelings as we do the same with them. As has been noted, these are all the factors that influence the expression of our emotions.
There are many types of diverse people classified under various categories. Some people have different types of personalities. They could be classified as extremely manipulative, others as impulsive, and some may not show anything on the outside and have wonderful social skills. These categories help in the understanding of humans. This study is called Psychology and there are many different subfields in this diverse study of the people around us. One subfield that is particularly interesting is personality psychology. Personality psychology is a branch of psychology that studies personality and its variation between individuals.
Our personalities are what distinguish us from each other beyond our appearance; without them, we would all behave and react in the same way. Personality is the reason we are outgoing or introverted, persistent or blaze, and anxious or calm. We each have different levels of these competing characteristics that make us unique. But why are personalities so varied? Personality is determined by an array of factors from genetic and biological to the personal experiences and decisions we have faced from the day we are born. The complexity of our personalities cannot be simply explained, and for this reason there exists many different theories of how it’s developed and personality is still deeply under study. I went into this subject with an open-mind
When we are born, over time we grow up and develop a personality. For each person, our personalities differentiate between one another which presents a wide variety of individuals. According to psychology, there are different factors that make up who we are. Today, I will be talking about the four major theories of personality (Psychodynamic, five-factor model, humanistic, and social-cognitive).
Personality is the expression of a person’s traits according to ones feelings, mentality and behavior. It involves understanding individuals’ traits such as withdrawal and willpower and how various parts of an individual link together to form personality. Personality expresses itself from within an individual and is comparatively regular throughout in an individual’s life. Different people have different personalities dependent on factors such as environment and genetic composition. Our personality is dependent on the success or failure of our development in the eight stages of life. This is proposed by Erik Erikson. Success in the development stages lead to virtues while the failure leads to malignancies.
As people go through each day, they evaluate the people around them. Thoughts race through their minds as they wonder about the intentions and emotions around them. People are naturally inquisitive into the emotions of others surrounding them and often make snap assumptions about their personalities. Personalities are generally defined as characteristics of an individual that make them who they are. This includes the way that they think, feel, and act towards others. The generally accepted yet controversial theory about personality is that it is relatively stable. Individuals may exhibit signs of different personality types or say that they’ve changed, but studies have shown that a majority of the time, people don’t change.
The concept of personality has numerous definitions (Fatahi, Moradi, & Kashani-Vahid, 2016). Schultz and Schultz (2009), define personality in its broad sense as the manner of an individual’s behaviour in different situations. This essay explores the nature of personality, with the intention of highlighting its flexibility. The results of numerous empirical research studies are examined in order to investigate if, and how personality changes over time. It will be argued that an individual’s personality has the ability to change throughout their life.