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Colonialism and its effects
Negative impact of colonialization on economic development
Negative impact of colonialization on economic development
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To understand the developing countries and their aim of identification, it can be mentioned that “The great battleground for the defense and expansion of freedom today is the whole southern half of the globe, the lands of the rising peoples. Their revolution is the greatest in human history. They seek an end to injustice, tyranny and exploitation. More than an end, they seek a beginning” John F. Kennedy 1961. The south or third world countries are; “group of countries which have colonial histories and which are in the process of developing economically and socially from a status characterized by low incomes , dependence on agriculture, weakness in trading relations, social deprivation for large segments of society, and restricted political and civil liberties” (Smith, 1996, p:1). Nevertheless, third world countries can be considered the developing countries regarding the influences and affects that have been made to them and their nation by the greater power that they were ruled by.
In this paper some of the reasons of the failure of nation states during 20th century will be mentioned and discussed with regards to Somalia as an Example.
In regards to the third world and according to fund for peace a failed institution; state failure has many multidimensional indicators, which are: socially which are; high rate of Mounting Demographic Pressures, Massive Movement of Refugees or Internally Displaced Persons, Legacy of Vengeance-Seeking Group Grievance or Group Paranoia, Chronic and Sustained Human Flight. Economically: Uneven Economic Development along Group Lines, Sharp and/or Severe Economic Decline. Politically: Criminalization and/or De-legitimization of the State, Progressive Deterioration of Public Services, Suspension or Arbitrary Application of the Rule of Law and Widespread Human Rights Abuse, Security Apparatus Operates as a "State Within a State", Rise of
Before the war, Somalia had a well-functioning democratic republic government. Under the 1979 Constitution, the president held executive power. The president was the head and leader of the country’s sole legal political party, The Somali Revolutionary Socialist Party. Elected to serve a 7-year term, the president was nominated by the party’s central committee. Ever since the civil war in 1991, when the government collapsed, Somalia has been in a state of civil war and anarchy (“Somalian Government”).
Revolutionary state formation entails the process of intense and violent struggle between an indigenous population and a colonial power, or between factions or sub-state entities leading to the establishment of one or more states (Maoz). The duration of the struggle and violence is typically short in duration and a result of the pressures felt from both domestic and international pressures. At the beginning of the formation of a new state of regime, acceptance is not guaranteed into the club of nations. The relevance of this fact is that the newly established regime needs to have solid grounds for validation and self-autonomy, without it is left unstable and liable to be brought down by old neighboring states. During the period of instability following the formation of a new regime, there is the additional internal threat which means that those who were in power before will be looking for the first opportunity to return to the status qou (Maoz). An additional aspect of the revolutionary state fo...
At that time in the early 1990’s, the U.S. was the only superpower country left in the world. The Soviet Union collapsed after the Cold War and the left the U.S. at the top. With the U.S. being the only superpower left, it meant that they were the only ones who could try to keep peace between other countries and hopefully end violence in the world. At the time, Somalia was a complete disaster and still is to this day. They have no structural government and warlords rule parts of the country.
Even if people today think of countries that are poor and unindustrialized when they hear the phrase, the Third World, the term actually emerged in the Cold War to represent countries that did not either align with America or with Soviet Union. Third-worldism, which was created by countries in the Third World, “is a political project more than a geographical category”, as we mentioned in class, and the ideology behind it is that the countries are in the third world, which is the new world and united themselves to separate from the first and the second world because of opposition of imperialism and neo-imperialism, colonialism and anti-neo-colonialism. Creating something brand new, uniting to confront ,anti-imperialism and anti-neo-imperialism, anti-colonialism and anti-neo-colonialism were the main elements of Third-worldism and the Bandung
Due to the phenomenon of globalization, a substantial part of manufacturing has been moved overseas and goods are constantly being shipped all over the world. These processes are contributing to the advancement of international trade and economic improvement of many lesser developed countries. Unfortunately, globalization has also led to a significant growth of worldwide inequality. While the Western world has largely benefited from the changes, many countries in the developing world are facing great troubles adjusting to the new reality of global interconnectedness. Economic constrictions, unemployment, the weakening of government, corruption, and military conflicts are pushing people to leave their homes and seek better lives elsewhere.
Third world countries have the name underdeveloped countries, but it is better to call them over-exploited countries. Developed countries are implementing several foreign policies and trading blocks that have nothing to develop the less developed countries; on the contrary, they exploit the development and block growth in many ways such as imperialism, globalization, and capitalism. These practices of developed nations prevent third world countries from development. The countries that have advanced technologies and standard economical status are considered as the developed countries. Besides their growth, these countries have started taking advantage of third world countries that are also less fortunate in terms of economy and technology.
For a long period Yemen was considered as a fragile state, but as the time passes it is often being labeled as a failing state. Lack of government institutions to obtain their duties, such as providing basic public services, protecting the borders and providing security for its people are just some of the indicators that no doubt only bringing state to its failure. Yemen to be called as failing state is common and almost everybody would agree, except very few, who consider “Failing State” as a term which was adopted by the US as a tool for intervention into foreign countries. It doesn’t really matter to which extent one can agree on this term, but important is what is really happening inside Yemen. The purpose of the following paper is to bring together in one place major problems and concerns, which State of Yemen and its population facing and main threats to the government. By reading this paper the reader should decide himself, to which extend he agrees or disagrees about the “Failing State” term to be US adopted tool. One has to bear in mind, that no wonder what political concerns other countries have in mind towards Yemen, all it matters in the end of the day is what the local population is going through.
In this essay I will discuss why the Third World has been the sight of most of the world's conflicts since 1945. The conflicts that have transpired have been mostly internal and not just between these countries and their neighbors. They range in wars regarding religion, liberation, rebelling, and civil wars to name a few. I will consider these conflicts and their make up in regards to countries involved in the most serious conflicts along with the impact on their infrastructures, and how these wars have been fought.
Weak and failed states share many common characteristics. One of the most common features of a weak state is the presence of persistent violence. This violence is in the form of civil wars and civil unrest, this is an indicator that a government has lost legitimacy as well as control over some parts of territory. Other features include a weak bureaucracy that is very susceptible to corruption especially corruption from non-state actors such as terrorists and warlords. As the government’s power and influence continues to decline, citizens turn to these non-s...
Why nations Fail: The Origins of Power, Prosperity, and Poverty, is a captivating read for all college economic courses. Coauthored by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson, they optimistically attempt to answer the tough question of why some nations are rich and others are poor through political economic theories. They lay it all out in the preface and first chapter. According to Acemoglu and Robinson, the everyday United States citizen obtains more wealth than the every day Mexican, sub-Saharan African, Ethiopian, Mali, Sierra Leonne and Peruvian citizen as well as some Asian countries. The authors strategically arranged each chapter in a way that the reader, whomever he or she is, could easily grasp the following concept. Extractive nations that have political leadership and financial inconsistencies within their institutions are the largest contributor to poverty and despair within most countries. It also states that countries with socioeconomic institutions that work ‘for the people and by the people’, or in other words, focus on the internal agenda of that
Furthermore, political instability causes uncertainty and, at its most extreme, complete economic breakdown. Take Sudan in Africa thi...
Smith, R.K. (1996). Understanding third world politics: theories of political change and development. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
Despite the books strengths, however, it also suffers from a number of weaknesses. In the book, issues of political violence in bottom billion countries
Acemoglu, Daron, and James A. Robinson. Why nations fail: the origins of power, prosperity, and poverty. New York: Crown Publishers, 2012. Print.