Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Literature review on brain drain
Essay why open borders are controversial
Literature review on brain drain
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Literature review on brain drain
Why Even Close the Door?
This section will introduce ideas around the politics of migration and open borders, in order to lead us into my critical analysis of migration, the brain drain, and what policies can be created for the best possible outcome. As previously mentioned, brain drain is the only possible clause to which immigration can be restricted. However, only if it causes deleterious effects to the poor nation is it acceptable as a restrictive cause. Nevertheless, restrictive immigration goes against fundamental basic human liberties in which a person has the right to leave one country and go to another. I return to develop the libertarian aspects that advocate for open borders based on Carens understanding of Nozick’s work. Nozick
…show more content…
Discrimination can be made possible when it comes to how a person desires to have their private property accessed because “[…] individuals may do what they like with their own personal property [,t]hey may exclude whomever they want from land they own” (Carens 254). This becomes an egalitarian problem in a situation where for example numerous black immigrants freely move to rural areas of America where racism is still an issue and struggle to find jobs, houses, schools, and so on since the racists can do as they please with their individual private property and decide to refuse to sell them houses, offer them jobs, and allow their children to attend their schools. Nozickean libertarianism would not advocate for the state to step in to end the injustice since the state has no claim to the racist American’s private property and can only step in to protect the individual private property of the black immigrants if it were to come under such attack. This means the state can only step in when the individual private property of the black immigrant is assaulted in an adverse manner and not for any sort of unfavourable social …show more content…
Since the countries that receive foreign aid are usually underdeveloped countries that lack solid government systems there can be the issue of local corruption. Developed states tend to use this excuse as a reason not to provide the aid that should be given to the global poor, but it is not the rich states place to comment or deal with local corruption because as we saw in the relatively widespread failure of structural adjustment programs on the African continent, when the West intervenes in the economies of sovereign states they tend to cause more damage than repair in the long run. Aid should be sent no questions asked in the same way that China is now investing in countries all over Africa. If foreign aid wants to by-pass the hands of local corruption then they should send people to directly use the aid for state development. The developed part of the world could also support change in global institutions, which favour poor countries. Even if it is not ‘feasible’ or ‘possible,’ there should still be a move towards a more egalitarian model because rich states were able to develop at a time when there restrictive global institutional practices did not exist and in contrast the Global South is struggling to develop not only in a shorter time frame but under a vastly different economic and
Considering the ideas that both authors have brought to the table, I have concluded that in order to make progress in solving the problem of undocumented immigrants, we as a country must decide what’s best for our country. We either look at undocumented immigrants as an asset or a parasite. America is the ‘land of opportunity’ where millions of people want to live there and pursue the ‘American Dream’. We should not let people stop from achieving their dreams. But on the other hand, a quantity of immigrants leave their country because it does not have “stable democracies and free markets” that “ensure economic growth, rising standards of living and thus, lots of jobs”, because the countries of these immigrants “birth rates and native populations fall”.
Foreign policy and Immigration since 1945”. Threatened Peoples, Threatened Borders: World Migration Policy. Eds. Michael Teitelbaum and Myron Weiner. New York: Columbia University, 1995. p.123-124.
Though immigration is not a new phenomenon in the world’s history, it has been notice that now days immigration has increased more than ever. This is mainly caused because of better ways of communication and transportation, which it makes it possible to people to move and enter other countries. However there are many types of immigrations such as economical, retirement immigrants or even ‘natural disasters’ immigrants. People sometimes seek a new life to save themselves from poverty and misery, thus they decide to enjoy the benefits of another country. Still there are other immigrants who are forced to leave their countries because of wars or even natural disasters, such as the tsunami in Japan 2011. Some philosophers consider closed borders to restrict people freedom of movement and that global justice is been violated. On the other hand Miller and other philosophers argued that immigration causes more disadvantages than advantages into the country they enter. Also they agree that states have a moral right to limit immigrations in order to prevent any changes in their culture, as immigration affects several things, even if this means that they will violate human rights. Another concern for the states is the welfare state where sometimes it may be limited and countries cannot afford any immigrants. However, is it right to oppose people rights of freedom, or is it correct for states to limit immigration?
On 19 June, 2012, The New York Times published an online article by John M. MacDonald and Robert J. Sampson, entitled “Don’t Shut the Golden Door”. This article addresses the benefits and issues with immigration, and explains how it has benefitted the United States; socially and economically.
Nozick agrees with the liberty principle proposed by Rawls, but he disagrees with the equality principle and the fashion in which resources are distributed. I believe the historical principle of distribution is one strength of Nozick’s ideas. The historical principle of distribution states that the justice of any distribution does not depend on how closely it resembles any form of an equality pattern but how the distribution came about (959). I also agree with the theory that people are entitled to anything they acquired voluntarily and anything that is transferred to them voluntarily (958). Nozick does not agree with redistribution of wealth because taking resources from one person to benefit others is not necessarily voluntary. The biggest weaknesses of Nozick’s idea of equality comes from the idea that taxation and federally funded programs would be unjust forcing everything to be owned privately. This creates the most issues because people are self-interested and the virtue of market may not create the balance which Nozick proposed. Public school systems and public roads being deemed illegitimate would create issues with access. Also, making taxation illegal would make it difficult to have services like a police force, fire department, court system, or penal system because they would have to be paid by the individual directly. The police and court systems could become corrupt
In his address to a joint session of Congress on January 8, 1918, President Woodrow Wilson declared freedom of the seas in times of peace and war. Looking back, it seems ridiculous to think that anyone could challenge the right of individuals to navigate the oceans freely. However, fast-forward to the twenty-first century and we can see an analogous debate over the issue of immigration rights, with territorial borders being the main topic of discussion. The system of immigration in the United States is complex and oftentimes restrictive, and while revisions to the system usually include increasing quotas or other solutions to let in certain groups of people who deserve special consideration (such as those whose skills are needed in a particular field), they are still very limited solutions. The obvious question that arises from letting in some people but not others is that of fairness. Is the accident of birth or luck of being in the right place at the right time enough to justify restrictive citizenship to a select few? I would argue not. I intend to argue that a commitment to human rights entails the position that borders ought to be open in order to guarantee other human rights, especially the right to migrate.
Foreign aid can destroy natural mechanisms of economic growth if not properly apportioned to the individuals with motivation and passion for expansion. When blindly given to governments and the public, aid destroys native markets and halts natural growth. NGOs, charities and governments need to take the time to meet the needs of the poor individuals ensuring that local governments have a symbiotic relationship with those they govern over and that governments do not become corrupt or prone to cause civil unrest. Aid focused on meeting the needs of those ensnared by poverty traps can exponentially initiate growth but only if done with appropriate care and caution.
In this paper, I will argue that closed borders are morally justifiable. Limits to immigration are often implemented in order to protect a nation's interests, such as protecting the safety of the citizens or preserving welfare funds. In some cases, however, limits to immigration are vital to preserving the culture and preventing overpopulation of a country. Advocates for open borders claim that border restrictions infringe upon one or more basic human rights, such as the freedoms of movement and association (Kukathas 212). I contend, however, that these freedoms do not extend as a right to free immigration. Border restrictions, therefore, do not violate these human rights and are thus morally permissible.
This essay will argue that the current British policy of trying to meet the target of spending 0.7% of British Gross National Income on foreign aid is flawed. It will be split into three sections: the first will establish that foreign aid is an important and contentious area of policy, the second will show the problems of the 0.7% target whilst the final one will propose solutions to the problems inherent in current policy choices in the area. The main conclusion of the essay will be that, if the United Kingdom is committed to delivering effective foreign aid, it ought to stop considering whether it has spent enough on developing countries but instead focus on whether its expenditure is having effect. Throughout, discussion will be made harder by the fact that current academic commentary on foreign aid ‘anarchy’. Considering this, the essay will try to illustrate as broad a range as possible in the various approaches taken to the topic, before reaching its overall conclusion.
Immigration is a social movement that has been severely increased by the globalization trends. The free movement of capital, services and people within the EU has contributed greatly to the spreading of the idea of border free movement and demonstrated the benefits of this idea. At the same time, it has also showed the extremes that might be caused by the uncontrolled migration waves. As a result, many states have introduced the laws and regulations that that ban any language other than English, deny government services to undocumented immigrants, and penalize citizens who ”assist” them. Though such measures can be understood, they are viewed more as the restrains for the human freedom and economic growth. It is presumed that the
As the level of corruption increases, citizens loose allegiance and support for their government. For instance, Ethiopia, a country that is considered to be one of the fastest-growing economies in Africa in recent years, is having a difficult time developing due to the lack of foreign investors based on their rate of corruption. Ethiopia ranks 113 of 176 countries on the Corruption Perceptions Index of Transparency International. Occupations that have the highest rates of corruption include politics, finance, land administration and taxation. (Inter Press News service). At the World Economic Forum on Africa, Africa Progress Panel reported that the continent is losing more through illicit financial outflows than it receives in aid and direct foreign investment. In the past when foreign aid is brought to Ethiopia, the intervention is often hindered by the corrupt government officials who over tax revenues brought on by the intervention. This leads to discouragement of foreign aid coming into the
“ Foreign aid has long been one of the most unpalatable dishes on the federal plate ” (Gaouette, 2014). Developed countries have been considered to provide foreign aid for improving poor countries from misery. In addition, some rich countries give money away to help others on purposes because they expect to obtain the many benefits themselves such as growing the economy, creating more power, and having more security borders. There are many problems that may cause negative effects. For example, foreign aid can be wasted because of corruption, since it is hard to verify how how the government manage expenses. However, wealthy nations should provide foreign aid in order to decrease the number of starving population, but financial aid can be corrupted by the government, so they should give specific supplies to poor countries such as food aid, military aid, and loans.
the record shows, that without good institutions, in a recipient developing country, aid have a detrimental impact on the quality of governance. In the absence of these strong institutions, we should dedicate assistance efforts to improve the quality of governance before they can be effectively devoted to any economic development effort. Although more progress has been made over the course of the last 50 or so years in alleviating poverty than during any comparable period of time in history, poverty remains a huge global challenge. Over one billion of the world’s people live in conditions of poverty, surviving on less than $1 a day. What donors want aid buys (such as political support and economic advantage) The rich countries need to show that they support poor countries ,then certainly greater risk: accept fairer trade rules, adapt rapidly to climate change and resource scarcity we limit our consumption, accept the employment consequences of a more just arms trade, clamp down on tax havens and force our international companies to abide by social, environmental and accounting norms. Being so generous requires rich countries to undergo fairly profound changes in the way they have lived for the last few decades. The notion that giving away our loose change is embarrassingly generous would be an odd one to poor people around the world trying
The disbursements of development assistance have been mounting from Global-North to Global South since the 1960s. According to World Bank data, only in 2014, the net outflow reached to $162 billion. The primary aim of the assistances is to maintain macroeconomic stability with a strong emphasis on the balance of payment and alleviation of poverty in the developing countries. Now decades after, both the disbursers and receivers have been evaluating the effectiveness of such concessional allowances. A number of economists and analysts (Lipton and Toye 1990; Cassen 1994) believe
Disadvantages of foreign aid includes the fact that the funds channeled is wasted because the receiving governments do not use the money wisely. Some of the politicians exploits the money and spends it satisfy their own greed. According to Jonathan Foreman (2013), the decision made by the Indian government to reduce the number of non-school children by five million since 2003 was just an illusion. The government gave the cash instead to imaginary schools and used the money to buy luxurious cars for officials. Besides, some governments spent the money on unimportant and unessential fields. According to Jonathan Foreman (2013), the Indian government had spent most of the money on bureaucracy and self-indulgence which are not very important to them. Another example, a £47 million project in wealthy Indonesia destined to help the government there with ‘effective leadership and management of climate change programming’. However, there are dissents over the disputed controversy. From this point of view, we are able to notice the fact that foreign aid is constrained by plausible misuse of money by the recipient’s government is false and irrelevant as foreign aid can be seen as one initiative to empower economic growth in countries, particularly less developed nations, such as Bangladesh and India. For example, development in Bangladesh is solely dependent on budget on aid which has made a significant contribution to the reconstruction of its economy. Furthermore, in India, foreign aid has financed more than 8 percent of the domestic investments and some 15 percent of imports. Millions of children in Africa are alive appreciate to the control of measles and other vaccinations. International cooperation that fight HIV/AIDS and Malaria has successfully saved hundreds of thousands more lives (Abugre