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Impacts of the protestant reformation wikipedia
Impacts of the protestant reformation wikipedia
Effect of the Protestant Reformation
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During the Reformation many different protests uprose, two of which had a large effect on that time. The Church of England was created when King Henry wished to divorce his wife Catherine of Aragon, but Pope Clement didn’t allow it. As a result of this event King Henry split off from the R.C.C. and started a new church with himself as the head, thus allowing him to divorce and marry another of his six wives. Eventually after many wives and many attempts, King Henry finally had an heir which survived birth and lived old enough to be the next king… but in fact she bore a daughter instead of Henry’s much desired son. Henry’s church kept most of the catholic faith but simply rejected the Pope’s authority. When Henry died Mary (“Bloody Mary”) took
charge and became the new queen of England! A monk named Martin Luther didn’t agree with the R.C.C. and their teachings such as the selling of indulgences, and the visiting of relics (Which had no power whatsoever). He wrote up his “95 thesis” which consisted of 95 things Martin found that didn’t have any biblical evidence, and therefore shouldn’t be done since the “bible is the ultimate authority” as Luther taught. It was so liked that the Gutenberg printing press was used to spread it across Europe in multiple languages, such as to Germany and Scandinavia. The people rebelled knowing that the church’s teachings were false… but went a little too far. While in hiding under the protection of Friedrich- a friend, Martin translated the entire bible into German so the people could read it themselves. The Lutheran church and the church of England were quite different. A huge contrast between the two was that Luther had not set out to begin a church but was did all that he did for Christ and not himself, he wanted to share the true gospel and didn’t deny christ when he was threatened with excommunication from the Pope. Martin stuck to his faith in the bible as it states in Matthew 10:33- “Those who deny me before men, I also will deny before my father who is in Heaven”, and wasn’t worried about excommunication because the bible showed that you get to faith by God’s grace alone. Whereas Henry started his church for his own reasons and it had nothing to do with religion and faith but mere personal desire. That is the difference between those two protests during the Reformation.
After many failed attempts to obtain a divorce from his first wife Catherine of Aragon, King Henry VIII took momentous steps that led to "The Reformation," a significant occurrence in the history of religion. Prior to the reformation, all of England's inhabitants including King Henry VIII prescribed to Catholicism. In fact, King Henry VIII was such a strong supporter that he was given the title "Defender of the Faith" by the pope for his efforts in protecting Catholicism against the Protestants. However, all these changed upon the pope's denial of Henry's request for a divorce.
The Reformation occurred all over Western Europe. It was mostly set in Germany where various parts of corruption in the Church happened. Martin Luther started the process of the Reformation, he was German so he understood how the Catholic Church took advantage and didn't think this was fair. The Catholic Reformation took place between 1450-1650 which was the biggest revolution in Germany, although the understanding of Luther's actions weren't taken notice of until he put the 95 Theses on the Church's door. Luther felt that Bishops and Priests didn't understand the bible correctly. Luther wanted the Reformation to help fix this by helping the uneducated and powerless. Some of the movement of this was
In 1553, Mary I became the Queen of England. Mary married King Philip of Spain in order to secure Catholicism in England. Elizabeth unwillingly became the leader of Mary’s opposition, the British Protestants of the time. She attempted to force her younger sister, Elizabeth, into attending Catholic mass in order to set an example for her followers. Elizabeth was raised Protestant and didn’t want to convert, so she avoided mass by complaining of stomach aches. A man named Thomas Wyatt sent a letter informing Elizabeth that he was planning a rebellion in order to prevent the marriage between the two royals.
Mary Tudor of England, Born on February 18, 1516, was always a precious lady.(Gairdner) According to the article “Queen Mary”: “Mary wanted to restore the catholic faith, and reunite England with Rome.” Queen Mary I was quite successful, she managed to rearrange “the royal household, and it was thought right to give Mary an establishment of her own along with a council on the borders of Whales, for the better government of the Marches.”(Gairdner) In real life Queen Mary was in fact a very kind hearted and happy lady, who in fact loved music, dancing, and gossiping with her court and followers. She often dressed in brightly colored cloths and very expensive jewelry.(Eamon) According to Amy Pollick’s article “Dispelling Myths about Queen”, “Mary did lay a solid governmental foundation.” Mary had a good head on her shoulders. She planned to further the peace and prosperity in England. (Pollick) Some of what caused her to “rebel from her father” was him depriving her of her faith, security, and happiness as a child. (Pearsall) In the book “Kings and Queens” it is stated that Mary married King Philip of Spain, but they had no children. (Pearsall) “He lived in England for only a year before returning to spain.” After that Mary began to bring back the old religion and faith of her time. Although the persecutions may have been exaggerated (Gull). From the same so...
Things came to a close when Anne became pregnant in 1533. Anne was possibly the person who gave the king the new ideas for religious reform. Henry knowing he had to act fast rejected the decision of the Pope in England and had Thomas Crammer, the archbishop of Canterbury, grant the annulment. Catherine was to renounce the title of Queen and would be known as the Princess Dowager of Wales, something she refused to acknowledge through to the end of her life. Catherine and her daughter were separated and she was forced to leave court.
The needs and wants of the masses were not taken into consideration. In this essay I am going to look at England pre-reformation and reach my own opinion of whether or not England was actually in need of a reformation in 1529. There were lots of anti-catholic movements going on at the time such as the Lutheran movement and also Lollardry. This suggests that people were growing tired with the Catholic Church and therefore looking towards other religions. The Lollards were an active group based in England.
After the death of Henry in 1547, a 10 year old Edward came to the throne. The English Church became increasingly Protestant in worship and doctrine under the Protestant Lord Somerset. Mary succeeded the throne after Edward’s death in 1553. Mary was a devout Catholic and saw it her mission to restore Catholicism back to England. She used mainly persecution to do this, by burning Protestants for not renouncing their beliefs, these actions turned many English people against Catholicism.
Queen Mary I, also known as Bloody Mary, reigned over England from 1553 until her death in 1558. She was the first Queen Regnant. Mary was the only child born to Henry VIII to survive but was later deemed illegitimate. The title of “Bloody Mary” was given to her due to the bloody persecutions she gave during the Protestant Reformation. Bloody Mary’s persecutions of Protestants and attempt to make England what it was during the reign of her father, Henry VIII, made a big impact on England.
Elizabeth’s father was King Henry VIII. Many of Henry’s decisions and actions had an effect on what Elizabeth would be required to do when she became queen. The most prominent and important political affair that she would have to attend to was the church (Elizabeth I BBC). Henry believed very strongly in Catholicism. In 1521, he was given the title of “Defender of the Faith” by the Pope. He received this title after attacking Martin Luther in a book that he wrote. In this book, Henry made it very clear that Luther’s religious views were false. He made it known that he supported the Roman Catholic Church, and confirmed that the Pope was supreme (Henry VIII).
While Mary was still a child, Henry was secretly trying to divorce Catherine. Catherine was becoming too old to have kids, and she did not produce a son that would inherit the throne after King Henry. During this time period in England it was unacceptable for a woman to have any authority in a monarch. King Henry was becoming desperate because he did not want the throne to be obtained by will: he wanted it to be succeeded by heir. At this time Henry was beginning to become deeply infatuated with Anne Boleyn. Anne Boleyn was the Maid of Honor at Catherine and King Henry’s wedding. At the time King Henry, Catherine, and Mary were all Catholics. “King Henry was very religious; he went to Mass every day and spent his father’s money on wars for the Catholic Church” (Sedivy) Wanting to divorce Catherine would guarantee trouble for King
It all started when her father, King Henry VIII, split from the Catholic Church in order to separate from Mary's mother, Katherine of Aragon, cousin to the Holy Roman Emperor. After the separation Mary was declared an illegitimate child and asked, more like told, to renounce her title as princess. Later as her father had two other children, first Elizabeth and then Edward, life got harder for her, she was expected to become Elizabeth’s maid of honor and serve her half-sister. Both of her half siblings was raised protestant while she was raised catholic. At the beginning of her life she betrothed to her mother’s cousin, king of the Spanish throne and holy roman emperor, but was later nullified because he wanted to produce heirs and could not wait any longer. She was then betrothed to the prince of France to create peace between the two countries. After her father’s death her half-brother ascended the throne, running the country as a Protestant, he made laws against practicing the Catholic religion, which his half-sister disobeyed; practicing her religion at her own castle. Queen Mary was declared an illegitimate child and forced to leave her role as princess of England. She was forced to take her thrown for Lady Jane Seymour. She burned three-hundred Protestants at the stake and imprisoned her own
Pressing for action, Protestant reformers sought out Parliament for the safest recourse. For the first time in England, Edward VI’s reign had brought about the formation of Protestantism with changes that involved the abolishment of clerical celibacy, Mass and the obligation of required religious services in English. Following Edward VI’s death, just six years later, his half-sister Mary took over the throne. With her strong beliefs in papal supremacy, Mary made an effort to put an end to the corruptness her brother had brought about for the Catholic Church. Had Mary lived longer, the reestablishment of the Catholic Church might have been successful, leaving Edward’s reign, rather than hers, as a historical
Queen Mary I violently attempted to restore Roman Catholicism to an Anglican England during the 16th Century. She had every intention of returning Catholicism during her five year reign by marrying her Roman Catholic cousin and providing a Catholic heir. The Wyatt Rebellion caused her to burn over 200 Protestants at the stake, which earned her the infamous name “Bloody Mary” (Lindbuchler). The citizens of England loathed her and the Catholic Church because of this. Mary also took away the right for martyrs to publicly surrender which added to her unpopularity among her subjects. By the time of her death, Queen Mary’s plan to reestablish the Catholic faith in England was completely ineffective and England continued to be Protestant.
Henry VIII and Queen Elizabeth I may have been the English Reformation’s greatest benefactors, all because of self interest. Henry VIII was not originally Protestant, but after the pope denied him of his divorce, Henry VIII took things into his own hands. Due to the power kings had in the Middle Ages, Henry VIII was able to control Parliament and force it to do whatever he wanted. So in 1534, Henry VIII forced Parliament to pass a law he made known as the Act of Supremacy. The Act of Supremacy stated that the king ought to be the head of the Church of England. This law gave the king complete power over the Church of England, instead of the pope. However, the type of church and state relationship did not change. Rather all the Act of Supremacy did was take power from the pope and give it to the king. Surprisingly, the Catholics did not retaliate against this strong change. The pope had always been the head of the church, but now the king had taken his position. This serves as an example of nationalism. The Catholics did not think about how removing the pope could harm their religion in any way. However, instead the people blindly followed Henry VIII because he was the leader of the nation and they assumed he was right. Also, by imposing other laws that punished Protestants, Henry VIII did not give the people much of a choice. Fortunately, for Henry VII, nationalis...
The middle ages had Protestors that often had conflict with the Church. John Wycliff is an example of a Protester who made a difference in the church and in their beliefs. John Wycliff was a writer and a leader. He thought that the Church was becoming corrupt and started a movement called the Protestant Reformation, where he and his followers called the Lollards, who basically brought together people to protest against the Church because the Church was going downhill and was not in the right place to lead people. Another Protestor was Jan Huss. Jan Huss was not only a Protester, he also preached on his beliefs while trying to get rid of other beliefs that were not true according to his standpoint. He was a Czech priest and a philosopher who wanted to shut down the Church, Jan Huss attacked the Church by denouncing the moral