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Effects of social class on education pdf
To what extent does social class influence educational achievement
Effects of social class on education pdf
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Introduction
This essay will focus on why grades on the high-school level are not important. Firstly, looking into how grades do not factor in all of the variables that lead up to the test and how the socio-economic factors influence grades levels. Also, how teacher bias can have an influence on the types of grades students get. Thirdly, they essay will be looking at the other side of the argument including how good grades can lead to better opportunities both in college and in the workplace.
Grades don't Measure Just Intelligence
A big part of measuring students' intelligence in school is through writing standardized tests and exams. This method was pioneered by Horace Mann, an educational reformer, in 1845. He hoped to measure individual
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"A family's socioeconomic level or status(SES) is defined by the income, education, and occupation of members of the household" (The IRIS Center, 2012, p. 6) In a paper published by Reardon (2016), there is a strong correlation between socio-economic status and the types of grades students get. Where students who come from poor or disadvantaged communities tended to score below the national average. While students from more privileged communities tended to score higher in their grades. These statistics aren't necessarily reflecting the level of education at these schools, but rather factors like the students' families, the neighbourhoods, and their experiences outside of school (Reardon, 2016). For example, there is a boy named Mark. His mother works two part-time jobs and his Father works in the night-time, therefore he sleeps through the day. Mark, who is the oldest boy in the house is expected to do chores and take care of his younger siblings when his mother is at work. There will be days when Timothy could not do his homework because his sister is sick so he had to take care of her. Therefore, Mark does not have as much time for completing his homework (The IRIS Center, 2012). The fact that grades cannot take account of these outside factors, they should have little …show more content…
Having good grades can help get a person into these universities. College and university can also be expensive and not everyone has the money to go to these institutions. Having good grades can help not only with getting into these places but also with providing scholarships to study at a discounted rate or even for free (Witmer, 2017). There are also other benefits to getting higher grades. One of these benefits is enrolling into the National Honor Society that opens up opportunities to travel and meet like-minded students thereby building connections (Polish Magazine, 2014). Although university is a great place to go and study many of the same skills can be learnt online or on short courses at very affordable rates. Codecademy for example, teaches one how to code for free, and there many people who now earn a living from what they learnt through the short courses that they offer (https://www.codecademy.com). So good grades are not really necessary for further learning outside of
Some classes should not have grades, such as writing. If a teacher asks a student to write a paper about a highly debated topic, such as abortion, and the students opinion differed from the teachers. It is possible that the teachers
Their superior grades allow them to enroll in the highest level of classes which will help them to get into the most prestigious colleges. By being placed in these classes, they earn the title of being knows as intellectuals. Another advantage of being placed into higher level classes is that these students will have the best teachers. Excellent grades will also give them the opportunity to be a part of prestigious academic groups such as the National Junior Honor Society. Only kids with the best grades can get into this society, making it highly regarded and ensuring they are part of an elite group. With these good grades come the privileges of becoming part of a special group that will improve their chances when applying at competitive colleges and earning
In her article she points out how social class has become the main gateway to opportunity in America. The widening academic divide means that kids who grow up poor will most likely stay poor and the kids who grow up rich will most likely stay rich. About fifty years ago the main concern about getting a good education relied on your race but now it's about your social class. Researchers are starting to believe that children who come from higher income families tend to do better in school and get higher test scores.
Furthermore, Chapter 15 begins to explain educational inequality. In the United States, education is available but not to every child in the same way. Different social-classes means different schools, instructions, criteria, rates, and times. In addition to class differences, races and ethnics unfortunately play a role in educational achievement. For example, in general, African Americans, Latino/a’s, and Native Americans usually do worse in school than white or Asian American students
In other words, two teachers may give the same assignment two completely different grades based on their own grading style. This puts an incredible amount of stress on a student because they need to complete assignments that will satisfy their current teacher, whose expectations and grading style could be very similar or very different from the student’s previous teacher. Alfie Kohn believes that the influence grades have on a student’s life doesn’t help this situation, and may even make it worse by providing students with a false sense of security about their knowledge. In her article “From Degrading to De-grading”, she states that scores on tests can be largely based on how the test was written and what skills were tested (Kohn 240). Therefore, it is up to teachers to identify what topics students must master in order to be proficient and score well on standardized tests. But when the class is not structured with a consideration for the material used on such tests, students enter the test blind to the skills that they will be expected to know and use. Anyone can memorize a list of facts off a study guide and score well on a multiple choice test the next day, but skills such as analyzing literature and interpreting a handful of graphs containing data from a scientific experiment are skills that require time and hours of instruction to master.
...ct on sound knowledge. Therefore it is unfair to determine that a student may perform poorly at college simply because of one standardized test they took at high school.
A minority student is generally classified as belonging to a lower-income family than the average white American, who is classified by earning a higher income. A student belonging to a low-income family will not have the same opportunities as a student from a high-income background. A student from a high-income family will be able to afford more study aids and supplies. A student from a low-income family, generally a minority, does not have access to these resources. Because they frequently cannot afford the same materials as their white counterparts, they generally do not perform as strongly on standardized tests. Wealthy families are generally very well educated. They have greater knowledge of how to guide their children in the right direction for academic success. Some can afford a private school with better teachers and a more comfortable learning environment. Paying for college is easier, and academics often take greater priority in these well-to-do households. Usually, poorer families have a harder time paying for college and supporting their children. Schools in low-income areas tend to lack funding for good teachers and supplies because of their financial situation. More often than not, the main goal of these families is to have their children get through high school so that they can begin ea...
When students arrive at university, professors expect them to understand the material to an exceptional standard. The problem is that grade inflation is occurring more regularly in secondary schools and universities across the country and when these students’ marks are sent to universities or colleges, the student may be given multiple scholarships for something that he/she should not have earned. Grade inflation is conceived between both students and teachers, meaning that the students are given higher grades when they have inadequate learning, reading, and verbal skills, while the teachers do not have to grade as many papers as they should in the real curriculum. There have been multiple examinations that have confirmed that grade inflation is very real and still occurs today. Students seem to think that they do not need to put forth much effort in school to do well and grade inflation encourages this thought.
Yes, good grades do lead to good colleges, which do open doors, and yes, making students have the need to avoid bad grades is good as well. However, despite common belief, good grades are not that important. People like Steve Jobs prove that the label grades give mean nothing. The world has seen glory and success earned by many confident, jubilant people, and some of those very same people did not attend college or have perfect scores. If confidence and happiness are the keys to a good life, then what is the point of taking away such key factors when grades are involved? Yes, achieving the best grades can help students have a better life, but having a low grade on a report card does not dictate their
Socioeconomic status (SES) is a measurement of a combination of education, income and occupation (American Psychological Association, 2014). It is more commonly known as class standing. There is a drastic difference in lifestyle between class standings. In today’s economy it has become more evident just how different the classes are. Lower levels of SES do not have access to good schools, or decent health care leading to a worse quality of life. Higher levels of SES have access to more resources and tend to allow for children to develop self-esteem, optimism, and perceived control (American Psychological Association, 2014). The traditional family with two parents, the father works, and the mother stays more is almost nonexistent. Households where the man works and the woman stays at home only represent 7% of the U.S. population (Malone, Stewart, Wilson & Korsching, 2010). It has become increasingly more difficult to live on one income especially with children. With ...
One change institutions should make to the grading system is to eliminate all factors that have noting to do with learning outcomes from affecting the students’ grade. According to the article, “Assessment of Learning Outcomes: What’s the difference?” written by Carnegie Mellon University, grades are often based on more than learning outcomes. Instructors usually include factors unrelated to learning outcomes such as attendance to class, participation, improvement and in some cases, grades are boosted a bit due to how hard the student is working.” These factors are
The Relationship Between Social Class and Educational Achievement Many sociologists have tried to explore the link between social class and educational achievement, measuring the effects of one element upon the other. In order to maintain a definite correlation between the two, there are a number of views, explanations, social statistics and perspectives which must be taken into account. The initial idea would be to define the key terms which are associated with how "social class" affects "educational achievement." "Social class" is the identity of people, according to the work they do and the community in which they live in. "Educational achievement" is the tendency for some groups to do better or worse in terms of educational success.
In an education journal, Anyon (“Social”) provides the reader with the concept that there are four different types of schools, working class schools, middle-class schools, affluent professional schools, and executive elite schools, after observing five schools. The working class schools are made up of parents with blue-collar jobs, with less than a third of the fathers being skilled, and the majority of them being semiskilled or unskilled. “Approximately 15 percent of the fathers were unemployed… approximately 15 percent of the families in each school are at or below the federal ‘poverty’ level…the incomes of the majority of the families…are typical of 38.6 percent of the families in the United States” (Anyon, “Social”). In a more recent study conducted by Anyon (“What”, 69), she states that,
Socioeconomic status can be defined in terms of family wealth and assets as well as educational background. For this reason, many comparisons can be made between socioeconomic status and education. Furthermore, academic achievement and the level of education reached by an individual, is determined by socioeconomic status. Research has shown that environmental circumstances and family issues greatly influence a child's future because the impact of the socioeconomic status depends on the level to which an individual becomes successful in life. Research also shows that family conditions can impact a child’s education and their quality of life. For example, being raised in a high-economic culture increases the chances that a child will attend
Social class has a major influence over the success and experience of young people in education; evidence suggests social class affects educational achievement, treatment by teachers and whether a young person is accepted into higher education. “34.6 per cent of pupils eligible for free school meals (FSM) achieved five or more A*-C grades at GCSE or equivalent including English and mathematics GCSEs, compared to 62.0 per cent of all other pupils” (Attew, 2012). Pupils eligible for FSM are those whose families earn less than £16,000 a year (Shepherd, J. Sedghi, A. and Evans, L. 2012). Thus working-class young people are less likely to obtain good GCSE grades than middle-class and upper-class young people.