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Managing cultural diversity in the military
Brief words about Congo
Brief words about Congo
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When engaging in a foreign territory, the local cultures contribute to how forces must operate. A population’s culture is “a web of meaning shared by members of a particular society or a group with in a society.” (FM3-24) In a nation like the Democratic Republic of Congo there is a wide variety of culture in the different regions, however, the unifying theme is a culture of survival and oppression. According to a documentary, When Elephants Fight, the DRC is the source many resources the western world relies on. Yet the people living in the DRC see none of the profits and do what they must to simply survive. The equator runs across the northern portion of the country, survival and fulfillment of life’s most basic needs is difficult. In …show more content…
These groups are armed with small arms and machetes. Too often they will come upon a town and recruit murder or rape the town including women and children. For a nation so rich in resources, the competition for power is driven by the will to survive. Many of the individuals that kill for the scraps of resources missed by big foreign companies recognize that they are perpetuating the problem, but it is the only way they can survive and provide enough for their family to survive. If the United States Army gets involved in a conflict in the Congo understanding these culture of the people will be the only way to come out victorious. Many large world powers are greatly invested in the DRC’s resources meaning the U.S. Army would most likely be facing a different conventional force while having to deal with local organizations individually determining if they were …show more content…
and the Democratic Republic of Congo. In order to accurately connect the culture to operations, the day to day life and beliefs must be considered. As shown in When Elephants Fight, the people are very keen on the fact that they are being extorted and stolen from by the rest of the world. They recognize that the DRC is a very resource rich nation but despite the prosperity those resources bring, none of it is brought to the Congo – and they are bitter. From the woman who travels 16 miles every day to carry water to her home, to the president of the DRC, everyone is looking out for themselves. Humanitarians are scoffed at because the population knows that there are two ways to fix their situation: a leader that breaks the cultural norm and puts the people first and is willing to stand against the western exploitation; or the western world sacrificing the profits and technology created from the resources that are ripped from the DRC. When people live in such bleak circumstances they flock to hope but will always ensure they get what they need. Operationally speaking, the difficulties with the culture is not “do’s and don’ts” or formal practices, but instead it is that the forces engaging in the environment must convince the locals that their operations will improve the local’s lives
Watch out dolphins because you may no longer be the most intelligent animals anymore! Elephants, one of our lands largest creatures, are taking your spot! In the video, Elephants Show Cooperation, the article, Elephants Can Lend a Helping Trunk, and the passage, from Elephants Know When They Need a Helping Trunk in a Cooperative Task, the authors illustrate the intelligence of these pachyderms. They all show an experiment that proves this claim. Elephants “join the elite club of social cooperators: chimpanzees, hyenas, rooks, and humans.” Their cognitive ability even surprises the researchers. They not only make wise decisions, but also work well with their companions. All three sources depict the sagacity of these remarkable creatures.
The beginning of this brutality started in 1897 when King Leopold of Belgium strived for more land and prosperity. He considered Congo to be “The magnificent African Cake.” He referencing Congo like this is understandable because Congo was three times bigger than the state of Texas, had a beautiful river that would assist in trade and had an abundance of
Carolyn Nordstrom’s A Different Kind of War Story offers a firsthand account from an anthropological perspective of Mozambique’s civil war and specifically looks at grassroots resistance to the efforts of both Renamo and Frelimo forces. She sees her books as an “experimental ethnography” that revolves around the process of war, rather than its location. Nordstrom sees war as “a shared culture of violence” and questions the available definitions of violence in an attempt to delve deeper into analyzing war. In the end, Nordstrom focuses on ‘creativity’ in indigenous Mozambican conflict resolution to defeat political violence while being conscious of her position as an academic throughout. Nordstrom is effective and convincing with her arguments and is able, at the very least; to show her readers a different and new perspective on war and violence.
One can easily note the physical and sexual violence brought upon the people (black and white) of Congo after independence, but we must locate the other forms of violence in order to bring the entire story of Patrice Lumumba to light. The director’s attempt at bringing the story of Patrice Lumumba to the “silver screen” had political intentions.
In the early 1990s, the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) of Sierra Leone, led by former military agents invaded Sierra Leone from Liberia. The RUF initially said they were leading a political movement. Their main goals were to promote liberation, democracy, and freedom. They said they wanted justice and equality for all civilians living in Sierra Leone. In spite of what the RUF said they were doing, they were forceful and left trails of murder in their path. When civilians lacked support for the “political revolution”, the RUF started a decade long war that ravaged the country as a whole. The RUF developed a sense of structured, militarized violence. It created a climate of opportunities for average civilians to obtain cheap weapons. With the greater access to weapons for civilians and the RUF, the politics became more militarized also. As the war waged on, poverty rose and people began to resort to looting of national resources. Laws diminished and seemed to lack any strength against the brute force of the RUF and their civilian followers (Denov, 2010).
George Orwell’s “Shooting an Elephant” is a short story that not only shows cultural divides and how they affect our actions, but also how that cultural prejudice may also affect other parties, even if, in this story, that other party may only be an elephant. Orwell shows the play for power between the Burmese and the narrator, a white British police-officer. It shows the severe prejudice between the British who had claimed Burma, and the Burmese who held a deep resentment of the British occupation. Three messages, or three themes, from Orwell’s “Shooting an Elephant” are prejudice, cultural divide, and power.
For decades, Uganda’s economy has suffered through disappointing economic policies and instabilities. These setbacks have been put forth by a chronically unreliable government, leaving it as one of the world’s poorest countries. Uganda’s weak infrastructure and corrupt government are two of the primary constraints against a continuation of economic growth. Uganda has ongoing military involvement in the War on Congo, wrongly taking money from the already deprived country and into the war. Many villages in Uganda also have to waste their precious money and time in pursuit of hiding places. They are faced with a group known as, The Lord’s Resistance Army (LRA). LRA is infamous for their twenty years of massacre and slaughter in Uganda, causing an estimated 1.5 million internally displayed persons. Several people are questioning why the LRA is still terrorizing the country and criticizing the government’s commitment to putting an end this horrific group. The Inspector General of Government (IGG) ...
They understand that the tortured nation is falling under conquerors. However, they also realize, “ In the Congo, it seems the land owns the people” (Kingsolver, 283). The Congo is a force that can take down any dissension. If someone messes with the everyday life of the Congo by not following its procedures, they will be doomed by the rebuttle the Congo administers. The citizens occupying the land know how to live in a calm agreement with it and respect nature. Nevertheless, nature can always disrupt the peace with malevolent actions such as the invasion of the ants. The ants, a symbol of the power of the jungle, are enough to make the citizens run out to the river for
The acts of violence that were performed by rebels in Africa were horrific. Adults and children were murdered, mutilated, tortured, and raped. The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in Sierra Leone performed despicable acts of cutting off a people's body parts with machetes to instill fear in the community. If you were working in the diamond mines and not performing up to the standards of the rebels you would lose a body part as punishment. Rebels would continue to do this from one village to another in order “to take control of the mines in the area” (Hoyt). It is estimated that in Sierra Leone that over 20,000 people suffered mutilation. The acts that the rebels performed to these innocent victims was clearly a violation to their human rights. The RUF collected 125 million a year to fund their war on the government and the people of Sierra Leone.
The war was worsened by the wealthy minerals in the ground and the influence of the mineral was strengthened by the fear and displacement the war caused. The intertwining of these two destructive forces is seen in the story Salima is told by a man who bought her. In this he tells of a man who stuffed”...the coltan into his mouth to keep the soldiers from stealing his hard work, and they split his belly open with a machete”(31). Not only does this story show the harsh conditions the men are exposed to in war, but also it further demonstrates the hold coltan has on the minds of those who live in the Congo. The want for coltan leads to the destruction of the community and individual identities of those involved as it perpetuates a cycle of war that damages men, induces violence against women, and ultimately creates a cycle of lost identity.
Over the course of human history, many believe that the “Congo Free State”, which lasted from the 1880s to the early 1900s, was one of the worst colonial states in the age of Imperialism and was one of the worst humanitarian disasters over time. Brutal methods of collecting rubber, which led to the deaths of countless Africans along with Europeans, as well as a lack of concern from the Belgian government aside from the King, combined to create the most potent example of the evils of colonialism in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century’s. The Congo colonial experience, first as the Congo Free State then later as Belgian Congo, was harmful to that region of Africa both then and now because of the lack of Belgian and International attention on the colony except for short times, the widespread economic exploitation of the rubber resources of the region, and the brutal mistreatment and near-genocide of the Congolese by those in charge of rubber collecting.
From the beginning of the narrative “Shooting An Elephant,” George Orwell creates a character with a diminished sense of self. The character narrates, “I was hated by large numbers of people -- the only time in my life that I have been important enough for this to happen to me” (Orwell, 58). All he wants is attention and it is evident that even negative attention is better than being ignored. He hates working for the British as a sub-divisional police officer in the town of Moulmein. He even makes it known to the audience that, “Theoretically -- and secretly, of course -- I was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British” (58). The character knows he does not want to be in this position, as a Anglo-Indian
Over a period from 1960-1965, the first Republic of the Congo experienced a period of serious crisis. There was a terrible war for power that displayed senseless violence and the desperation to rule. There were many internal conflicts among the people. The country eventually gained independence from Belgium. For many countries this would be a time for celebration. Unfortunately for the people of the Congo this became a time to forget. Almost immediately after independence and the general elections, the country went into civil war. Major developed cities like Katanga and Kasai wanted to be independent from the Lumumba government. Different factions started to fight the government and Katanga and Kasai tried to secede from the rest of the country out of fear of the mutinous army that was out of control looting and killing.
As Marlow passes through the waters of the Congo, it is easily visible the trouble of the natives. “Black shapes crouched, lay, sat between the trees, leaning against the trunks, clinging to the earth half coming out, half effaced with the dim light, in all the attitudes of pain, abandonment, and despair.” (20) Show that the holding of these colonies has started. The soldiers have come in and taken the inhabitants and are destroying them and taking from them the one thing they deserve over everything, life. The imperialists seem to not care about the Africans and are just there for their land.
...line were ruined. Transportation costs are very high which seriously hampers small producers’ access to markets. At the height of the conflict, about one third of the country's people were displaced. The chronic financial crisis became severe and the economy was close to collapsing. Poverty became deeper in the rural areas of the Congo where poor people are now powerless, vulnerable and isolated. This is a big contributor to the poverty Congo is experiencing today because little has improved and won’t improve until these problems are fixed.