Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
War's effect on literature
Negative effects of post traumatic stress disorder
War's effect on literature
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: War's effect on literature
Billy Pilgrim becomes unstuck in time because of the war. His mental state was completely altered because of his participation in the firebombing in World War II. It is clear to see that Kurt Vonnegut was against war, and this novel shows his opinions subtly. Human life means nothing to him anymore; it is just something that can be taken away without notice.
Billy Pilgrim is a veteran of World War II. Billy was captured and became a prisoner of war, during the time of the Dresden Firebombing. The prisoners of war are forced to collect the bodies of the people killed. These events affect Billy in an un-reparable manner that will change his life forever.
Post traumatic stress is defined as a psychological reaction occurring after experiencing a highly stressing event (1). This disorder is most commonly found in children who encounter distressing events in their childhood and soldiers returning from a long tour from any war. It can be treated through medicine or sometimes through therapy, or a combination of both.
PTSD when it was first discovered and considered a mental illness, was considered an Achilles' heel, a mental state that only attacked the mentally weak. It was first known as ‘Shell shock’ (2). Some symptoms include suffering from hallucinations, suicidal thoughts, and secluding themselves from society, their families, and their close friends.
Billy Pilgrim showed signs of PTSD when he visited Tralfmadore, and when he met Montana Wildhack. If Billy had spoken to someone he trusted about this part of his life, then he could’ve possibly grasped reality enough to be treated and recover from the PTSD. He shows a sign of PTSD when he lacks an urgency to take advantage of time, because he believes that death is irrelevant. ...
... middle of paper ...
...ugly truth that war is.
Every day the news across the world reports that soldiers are dying in the middle east in the attempt to solidify their society.
Works Cited
(1)- "post traumatic stress." Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. 2009.Merriam-Webster Online. 15 December 2009
http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/post traumatic stress
(2)- Fleming, Joel. "Doing Battle with the Demons; POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER". Active Living Magazine. 28 Feb 2003: p 30. eLibrary. Web. 15 Dec 2009.
(3)- BOOKRAGS STAFF. "Slaughterhouse-Five: Topic Tracking: Anti-War". 2000. December 15 2009. .
(4)- Vonnegut, Kurt. Slaughterhouse-Five, or, The Children's Crusade: A Duty-Dance with Death. New York: Dial Press, 2005.
(5)- "Post-traumatic stress disorder". Complete Home Medical Guide. 01 Nov 2004. eLibrary. Web. 15 Dec 2009.
According to what research exists, severe hardship such as would exist on that journey could be enough to bring about a case of Acute Stress Disorder, but this combined with what followed afterward is certainly enough to bring about Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (National Institute of Mental Health, Symptoms of PTSD). Again, look towards the following: during the trek Billy Pilgrim doesn’t move as quickly as the other soldiers desire to move, and so he is often lagging behind, and often the subject of scorn.
has to face is post-traumatic stress disorder. Post-traumatic stress disorder is “an anxiety disorder that can occur after someone experiences a traumatic event that caused intense fear, helplessness, or horror. PTSD can result from personally experienced traumas (e.g., rape, war, natural disasters, abuse, serious accidents, and captivity) or from the witnessing or learning of a violent or tragic event.” Otherwise meaning something happened in your past keeps triggering and haunting you in present day and experiences that could put you into a mental shock. Even though Billy Pilgrim is no longer involved with the war, he still is involved with the war. (National Alliance on Mental Illness) Billy Pilgrim had to face many different types of traumatic events. In the Slaughterhouse-Five the book mention Maniacs in the Fourth Dimension by Kilgore Trout stated “It was about people whose mental diseases couldn’t be treated because the causes of the diseases were all in the fourth dimension, and three-dimensional Earthling doctors couldn’t see those causes at all, or even imagine them (Slaughterhouse-Five 104).” Saying that the Earth doctors wouldn’t know what they were dealing with. If someone would tell they would think the person who did was bizarre. But Billy Pilgrim didn’t realize that he read the book before when he was at a veteran hospital. When Billy Pilgrim was a prisoner of war he remembers that
When Billy Pilgrim goes to war in Germany, he is soon captured by the Germans and taken to a prisoner camp. While there, he is mocked and ridiculed. He is a very passive character, and so is not bothered by this taunting, but when Billy realizes that the war doesn’t just affect soldiers and people, but all animals, such as the horses they find after the bombing of Dresden, his life is scarred forever. He sees that the horses are bleeding from their mouths and that they are in agony when walking. When Billy sees that his colleagues had mistreated the horses, he realizes that that is what war does to the entire world. Billy is forever changed and even weeps (197). This may have been the trigger for PTSD in Billy’s life to begin with.
Though he was able to escape war unharmed, Billy seems to be mentally unstable. In fact, his nightmares in the German boxcar at the prisoners of war (POW) camp indicate that he is experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): “And now there was an acrimonious madrigal, with parts sung in all quarters of the car. Nearly everybody, seemingly, had an atrocity story of something Billy Pilgrim had done to him in his sleep. Everybody told Billy Pilgrim to keep the hell away” (79). Billy’s PTSD is also previously hinted when he panics at the sound of sirens: “A siren went off, scared the hell out of him. He was expecting World War III at any time. The siren was simply announcing high noon” (57). The most prominent symptom of PTSD, however, is reliving disturbing past experiences which is done to an even more extreme extent with Billy as Slaughterhouse-Five’s chronology itself correlates with this symptom. Billy’s “abduction” and conformity to Tralfamadorian beliefs seem to be his method of managing his insecurity and PTSD. He uses the Tralfamadorian motto “so it goes” as a coping mechanism each time he relives a tragic event. As Billy struggles with the conflict of PTSD, the work’s chronological order is altered, he starts to believe
us about a character’s (Billy Pilgrim) life during World War two and how Billy coped with
Billy Pilgrim time travels to various moments in his life at random, which suggests he has no power over his mind and the memories that haunt him. He “is spastic in time, (and) has no control over where he is going next” (Vonnegut 43), as he struggles to make sense of his past. Billy’s ability to remember events in an erratic sequence, mirrors the happenings of war. War is sudden, fast paced, and filled with unexpected twists and turns. Billy cannot forget what he experienced during his time as a soldier, and in turn his mind subconsciously imitates this hectic quality of war. This behavior proves that although the war is over, “psychologically, Billy has never fully left” (Vees-Gulani). For many soldiers, especially those who were prisoners of war (POW), it is inevitable that their mind will not be like it once was (Vees-Gulani).
When Vonnegut created Billy Pilgrim, he made Billy subject to the experience of the war. In fact, Billy experiences it almost. exactly the same as Vonnegut himself had, including the experiences of being a POW and in the firebombing of Dresden. The. But in Billy's case, Vonnegut writes it with.
Ozer, Emily, and Daniel Weiss. "Who Develops Posttraumatic Stress Disorder?." Current Directions in Psychological Science. 13.4 (2004): 169-172. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
Within the complex seesaw storyline in Slaughterhouse-five, Vonnegut contributed his war experiences in the main character, Billy Pilgrim. Along with these horrific memories during World War Ⅱ , the element of time travel is evident in the novel, allowing Billy to repress these painful memories and follow the philosophy he learned on Tralfamador. Despite his nonchalant attitude towards death itself throughout the novel, Billy is an alienated individual with the philosophy that he can do nothing to change the destruction brought about by people and uses time travel to avoid seeing the human suffering that he cannot accept, brought about in Dresden,
In the novel Slaughterhouse-Five by Kurt Vonnegut, he talks about World War II and the bombing of Dresden. He writes about this historical event through the character Billy Pilgrim, Billy is drafted into the army at age twenty-one during World War II. He is captured and sent to Luxembourg and then later Dresden as a prisoner. Throughout the novel Vonnegut constantly ridiculous Billy. He describes Billy as a character that has no individualism and no choice in anything that happens in his life. Billy is used to show that everything happens because of fate. As a prisoner Billy has no control over his day to day life. While Billy is in Dresden the city is bombed, because of luck, only Billy and a few others survive the bombing in a slaughterhouse.
However, the books present response to war in a contrasting way. The incorporation of repetition, balance, and the idea of little control of one’s fate display parallelism between Billy Pilgrim and the soldiers of The Things They Carried while still distinguishing the existing psychological and internal contrast between them. When Billy is leading a parade in front of the Dresdeners prior to the bombing, Vonnegut
Is Billy Pilgrim sane or insane? Are his time travels real or are they only in his mind?
PTSD is defined as mental health disorder triggered by a terrifying event (Mayoclinic). This ordeal could be the result of some sort of physical harm or threat to the individual, family members, friends or even strangers. (NIMH) While PTSD is typically associated with someone who has served in the military, it can affect more than just that genre of individuals. It could affect rape victims, victims in a terrorist or natural disaster incident, nurses, doctors, and police and fire personnel and bystanders. PTSD can manifest itself in many forms. The primary signs and symptoms of PTSD include but are not limited to re-experiencing symptoms (flashbacks, bad dreams, frightening thoughts), avoidance of places, situations, or events that may cause those memories to resurface, and hyperarousal symptoms (easily startled, feeling tense or on edge) (NIMH). Other symptoms may include not having positive or loving feelings toward other people, staying away from relationships, may forget about parts of the traumatic event or not be able to talk about them, may think the world is completely dangerous, and no one can be trusted.
In Slaughterhouse Five, written by Kurt Vonnegut, the plot focuses on a man who tends to regress back to his childhood, and earlier life, using three important themes. These important themes are the destructiveness of war, the illusion of free will, and the importance of sight. In this novel, Kurt Vonnegut reflects on his experiences in the war in 1945 as a prisoner of war. This man is named Billy Pilgrim. Billy Pilgrim is a former prisoner of war who tends to be stuck in the same mindset as before.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that develops after exposure to an event that is perceived to be life threatening or pose serious bodily injury to self or others (Sherin & Nemeroff, 2011). According