What Role Did Nicholas Katzenbach Play In The Civil Rights Movement

People think about the devotion and enthusiasm of these men and women of the federal government who factually at inordinate personal jeopardy, imposed the new reconciliation policies. One of these courageous communal servant is, Nicholas Katzenbach was a Deputy Attorney General under President Robert Kennedy, spent much of his governmental career at the most impulsive events of the 1960s. He helped to write the landmark civil rights and voting rights acts of the 1960s. He played a key role in the desegregation of southern universities and was present during the 1962 riots at the University of Mississippi following the enrollment of James Meredith. Nicholas Katzenbach was the man who faced down Governor George Wallace to enroll the first black students at the University of Alabama. He personally escorted James Hood and Vivian Malone into the campus of the University of Alabama.

According to the book, a Southern newspaper once introduced him to its readers as “the judge who changed your life” (343).

Today not many people know the name of Elbert Tuttle in America. In some aspects, he was a pre-dominant figure in the civil rights revolution of the 20th century as Thurgood Marshall and Martin Luther King (MLK). Tuttle was a chief judge who rose majestically to the legal challenge of his period. He was appointed to the Federal bench in 1954, a few months after the Supreme Court outlawed segregation in the public schools, hotels and transportation facilities. He joined the embattled United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, which then covered six Deep South states. As Chief Judge during the riotous 1960's, he made sure that the promise of the Supreme Court's desegregation rulings became a

reality.
Arthur Shores, a famous figure in the civil rights movement in 1950's till 1960's, was one of the first African American male that practiced law in Alabama. In the era of civil rights, he challenged school segregation and voter registration discrimination and he was repetitively involved in desegregation cases. In the turbulent time, his house was blasted twice during Birmingham's racial troubles in 1963, as that being said, “the old saying that lightning doesn’t strike twice in the same place” (348). Then, he assisted as a co-legal counsel for a woman who was discriminated from the University of Alabama for being an African American woman who tried to enroll, but got rejected. In 1956, a federal judge found in her support, permitting the same woman to become the first black student admitted at the University of Alabama. However, three days after she entered the institution, they expelled her, saying her presence encouraged civil disorder. Shores was also active in the 1963 Birmingham civil rights campaign, working with attorneys from the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) Legal Defense Fund. He then challenged Alabama officials who attempted to block their work on behalf of their protestors. Birmingham police later arrested thousands of supporters, including Martin Luther King (MLK). Shores and his NAACP colleagues induced the Supreme Court to affirm those arrests as unconstitutional.
Herbert Jenkins was the Atlanta Police Chief in the civil rights campaign of the 1960's. Chief Jenkins sustained serenity in protests at Atlanta which launch counters and gave police fortification to freedom riders that pass through the city. The freedom riders pass through the headquarters of civil rights organizations and segregationist rudiments. He guaranteed the safety during the times of racial and social instability.
Laurie Pritchett was a police Chief of Albany, Georgia. When the Albany Movement began in 1961, SNCC and SCLC’s young organizers reached to help an African American citizen’s conflict of discrimination. Pritchett instructed the police to enforce the law without aggression and arrested those who unsettled the public order. In the interview, he uttered his thoughtful compassion for the African Americans. Pritchett enlightened his friendship with Martin Luther King (MLK) and deliberated his efforts to place African Americans on the police force in Albany in the mid-1960s. Pritchett used King's tactic of nonviolence, and planned to scatter the protests’ influence.