The various cartilages, muscles, ligaments, and the hyoid bone in the laryngeal skeleton each have their own specific structure and critical role in the performance of the entire phonation system. The collection of parts that comprises the phonation system interacts to form a common purpose. However, similar to how various parts within this system work together to support itself, these parts also interact with another system of the body for the purpose of receiving and giving necessary support for functioning. The respiration system has a supportive relationship with that of the phonation system, where if certain structures were not working correctly within either system, function of not only that system but the other as well would be critically …show more content…
In addition, the remaining three cartilages are elastic and namely are the epiglottis, corniculate, and cuneiform cartilages (Abruscato, 2015). Also, there are numerous muscles that are involved within the phonation system. These can be broken down into two categories, namely intrinsic and extrinsic. Research by Abruscato (2015) also supports that the intrinsic muscles include the adductors, namely the lateral cricoarytenoid, transverse arytenoid, and the oblique arytenoid. The auxiliary muscles include the thyroeppigottic muscle, superior thryoarytenoid and the aryepiglottic muscle. The thyrovocalis, and the cricothyroid are tensor muscles, while the lateral thryoarytenoid exists as a relaxer. In addition, the posterior cricoarytenoid is and abductor muscle. The extrinsic muscles may be separated into depressor and elevator categories. The extrinsic elevators include the stylohyoid, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, genioglossus, hyoglossus, inferior pharyngeal constrictor and the digastricus anterior and posterior. Extrinsic depressors include the sternohyoid, omnohyoid, sternothyroid, and the thyrohyoid (Abruscato, 2015). In conclusion, all of these muscles connect one or more of the previously mentioned cartilages within this …show more content…
Of the hyaline cartilages, the thyroid is the largest. It can be understood that the thyroid serves multiple purposes, and with respect towards the speech system, this cartilage allows for articulation with the cricoid as it allows for the connection to the hyoid bone. It acts as the point of attachment for the thyrohyoid for elevation for speech and swallowing to occur. The cricoid serves a purpose as a point of attachment for the cricoarytenoid. The last and only paired hyaline cartilage, the arytenoid cartilage, contributes vastly to the speech system as it articulates at its apex with the corniculate cartilage as well as with the cricoid cartilage at its base. Its vocal process serves an important role as the point of origin for the vocal ligament. Furthermore, of the three elastic cartilages, the epiglottis serves and extremely important and crucial role for the phonation system. This cartilage closes the opening connecting the larynx and pharynx so food or unwarranted substances doesn't enter the lungs. As one swallows, the epiglottis closes protecting our esophagus from having to encounter substances. Lastly, the corniculate and cuneiform cartilages are the only paired elastic cartilages. The corniculate cartilage serves a major role of articulation with the arytenoids so then the vocal cords may function for speech. Clearly each
The contraction of the inspiratory muscles increases the volume of the thoracic cavity causing the pressure within the alveoli to decrease and air to flow into the alveoli. During resting inspiration, the diaphragm, the external intercostals and the parasternal intercostals contract to stimulate inspiration. During forced inspiration the scalene and the sternocleidomastoid muscles contract to further expand the thoracic cavity. The pectoralis minor muscles also play a minor role in forced inspiration. During quiet breathing, relaxation of these muscles causes the volume of the thoracic cavity to decrease, resulting in expiration. During a forced expiration, the compression of the chest cavity is increased by contraction of the internal intercostal muscles and various abdominal
Located deeper into the throat of the sea lion are its larynx and trachea. The larynx of the sea lion serves four important functions. It facilitates swallowing, facilitates breathing, prevents food from ge...
Seikel, J. A., King, D. W., & Drumright, D. G. (2010). 12. Anatomy & physiology for speech,
Nasopharyngeal obstruction due to adenoid hypertrophy may directly obstruct the pharyngeal ostia of the auditory tube, 2 mechanical obstruction of the Eustachian tube may be an important factor to occuring OME. 3 However, recurrent or chronic infection in the adenoids without obstructive hypertrophy may also manifest as recurrent acute otitis media, persistent OME supporting the theory of adenoids being a reservoir of pathogenic organisms leading to tubal edema and malfunction.4
Phillis Wheatley, a poet of early modern poetry discloses a sonnet to Scipio Moorhead labeled To S.M., a Young African Painter, on Seeing His Works. The start of Wheatley life was being purchased by a white family and shipped off to Boston. She was an extremely intelligent child that was beginning to learn how to read, write and how to strongly connect to the Bible. When knowing the background of this poet, we realize first-hand how her childhood impacted her poetry. This piece of poetry was in the point of view of first person. Many poets use a type of sound devices or figurative language to enhance their message within. Wheatley introduces a sound device known as end rhyme as a way of intensifying the experience to the reader. The poet stated, “When first thy pencil did those beauties give, and breathing figures learnt from thee to live” (409) uses end rhyme to give connection between those two lines. My outsight on these two lines would be summarized as the poet trying to interpret the beautiful people the artist has drawn in her own words. Also, Wheatley communicates figurative language into this poem by using the several metaphors to put emphasis on her writing. The metaphor heavily absorbed by me would be, “Whose twice six gates on radiant hinges ring: Celestial Salem blooms in endless spring” (410) creating an image of Heaven.
Laughter is often involuntary. In fact, it is very difficult to fake it because it requires so many muscles. The main two muscles used in laughing are the zygomaticus major and minor anchor located at the cheekbones and go down towards the jaw. They both pull the face upward and the zygomaticus major also makes sure to pull the top lip upward and outward. Whenever we laugh, we also produce a sound. Whether it be a chuckle or a whole hearty laugh, we are still using the same methods as we do whenever we cough or speak. We use the lungs and the larynx, also known as a voice box, to make the sound of laughter. We don’t ever realize it, but whenever we breathe, air from our lungs passes through the open vocal cords in the larynx. Whenever the voice box is closed, air cannot travel. However, when the larynx is just barely open, it produces sound. When...
Healthy lung tissue is predominately soft, elastic connective tissue, designed to slide easily over the thorax with each breath. The lungs are covered with visceral pleura which glide fluidly over the parietal pleura of the thoracic cavity thanks to the serous secretion of pleural fluid (Marieb, 2006, p. 430). During inhalation, the lungs expand with air, similar to filling a balloon. The pliable latex of the balloon allows it to expand, just as the pliability of lungs and their components allows for expansion. During exhalation, the volume of air decrease causing a deflation, similar to letting air out of the balloon. However, unlike a balloon, the paired lungs are not filled with empty spaces; the bronchi enter the lungs and subdivide progressively smaller into bronchioles, a network of conducting passageways leading to the alveoli (Marieb, 2006, p. 433). Alveoli are small air sacs in the respiratory zone. The respiratory zone also consists of bronchioles and alveolar ducts, and is responsible for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide (Marieb, 2006, p. 433).
The Circulatory System is a transportation and cooling system for the body. The Red Blood Cells act like billions of little mail men carrying all kinds of things that are needed by the cells, also RBC's carry oxygen and nutrients to the cells. All cells in the body require oxygen to remain alive. Also there is another kind of cells called white blood cells moving in the system. Why blood cells protect from bacteria and other things that are harmful. The Circulatory system contains vein arteries, veins are used to carry blood to the heart and arteries to carry the blood away. The blood inside veins is where most of the oxygen and nutrients are and is called deoxygenated and the color of the blood is dark red. However, blood in the arteries are also full of oxygen but is a bright red. The main components of the circulatory system are the heart, blood, and blood vessels.
Person, A. & Mintz, M., (2006), Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory Tract, Disorders of the Respiratory Tract, pp. 11-17, New Jersey: Human Press Inc.
Here, three small bones, the ossicles, vibrate in succession to produce a unique pattern of movements that embodies the frequencies contained in every sound we are capable of hearing. The middle ear is also an important component in what music we actually keep out of our head. The muscles grasping the ossicles can contract to prevent as much as two thirds of the sound from entering the inner ear. (1, 2) The mechanical motions of the ossicles directly vibrate a small membrane that connects to the fluid-filled inner ear.
Thibodeau, G., & Patton, K. (1993). Chapter ten: Anatomy of the muscular system. In Anatomy and physiology (1st ed., p. 252). St Louis: MO: Mosby.
The pharynx is a large cavity behind the mouth and between the nasal cavity and larynx. The pharynx serves, as an air and food passage but cannot be used for both purposes at the same time, otherwise choking would result. The air is also warmed and moistened further as it passes through the pharynx. The larynx is a short passage connecting the pharynx to the trachea and contains vocal chords. The larynx has a rigid wall and is composed mainly of muscle and cartilage, which help prevent collapse and obstruction of the airway.
Rectus, and External and Internal Obliques flex the spine. Transversus aids in respiration and helps to compress the abdominal cavity to help support the spine in neutral. 4. How does the breath relate to flexion and extension of the spine?
The trachea is strengthened with C shaped bands of cartilage so air gets through trachea easily. The trachea then divides into two small bronchi. The bronchus (singular of bronchi) is a passage of airway in the respiratory tract that conducts air into each lung. The bronchi then divide into even smaller bronchioles. Bronchioles are a tiny branch of air tubes within the lungs that lead air to the alveoli (air sacs). Alveoli are air sacs that provide a large surface area (70 metres squared) for the exchange of respiratory gases, oxygen and carbon dioxide, by diffusion between air in lungs and blood in the
The External or Outer Ear - comprises of the auricle or pinna which is the fleshy part of the outer ear. It is cup-shaped and collects and amplifies sound waves which then passes along the ear canal to the ear drum or tympanic membrane. The rim of the auricle is called the helix and the inferior portion is called the lobule. The external auditory canal is a carved tube and contains a few hair and ceruminous glands which are specialized sebaceous or oil glands. These secrete ear wax or cerumen. Both the hairs and the cerumen help prevent dust and foreign objects from entering the ear. A number of people produce large amounts of cerumen, and this sometimes cause the build up to be impacted and can bri...