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Overview essay of anxiety disorders
Literature review about cramming
Overview essay of anxiety disorders
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Exam Phobia and Students Performance
Introduction
1. Anxiety constitutes of a number of disorders including phobias. Phobia is a Greek word meaning ‘fear’ and is defined as the excessive or unreasonable fear of an object, a place or a situation. The magnitude of panic and terror caused by a phobia to a sufferer has such dimensions that it cannot be readily understood by the onlooker. It may be a social phobia (fear of speaking to public, meeting new people or other such social situations), agoraphobia (fear of being in an open space or outside) and specific phobias (fear of a particular object or a particular situation).
2. Phobias are fairly common in the population; however, they remain largely underreported. Therefore, statistics on people
6. Examination Phobia is a psychological state in which people experience extreme stress, discomfort, anxiety, and irrational fear during or before examination. A little anxiety, tension or nervousness is healthy to perform better but when this stress or tension becomes so excessive that it actually hampers the performance in an examination, then it is called Examination Phobia.
What causes examination Phobia?
7. Various causes of examination phobia are as follows:-
a. Being under prepared: Students by cramming do not end up retaining the information in the long run. Cramming may be detrimental as it usually reminds the students of how much they do not know. Students learn by cramming usually sacrifice their sleep for studying, which is harmful for health because both of our brain and body need sleep to function better.
b. Past Performance: Past poor experiences or performances can leave an impression in the minds which can lead to low self-esteem or negative self-talk that sets up for failure.
c. Fear of failure: Concerns about disappointing others, GPA, scholarships, grants, financial aid and concerns about failing a class and being behind in the academic progress may negatively
Many students face at least one important test in their life. And if that particular student is one of the many that experience test anxiety, this can affect the students test scores. Test anxiety can be caused by the lack of preparation by the student, but it could be caused by the fear of failure as well. Students have so much resting on college and their ability to do well, such as a good paying job to be able to support themselves. Test anxiety causes nausea, light-headedness, and it could even cause the student to have a panic attack. Students that have severe test anxiety do not have a fair advantage (ADAA,
“Nosophobia and hypochondriasis in medical students”. Wikipedia, encyclopedia. 20 May 2013, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nosophobia. Web. 15 Ap 2014.
Just imagine for a moment that you have a cynophobia or the fear of dogs, would this be how you would feel. Driving down the road the oil light comes on. "I must stop the car to add more oil or I will damage the car engine. This looks like a good place to pull over. I'll just stop in front of this house. The oil is in the trunk, so I'll pop the top first, then get the oil out of the trunk. OK, I have the oil, but what if there is a dog at this house. Hurry, I have to hurry. A dog might come running out and bark at me any minute. Just get the oil in the engine. I can't my hands are shaking. Don't worry, there is no dog. Just get the oil in the engine. I don't care if I spill it, just get some in the engine. Take another look around, is there a dog anywhere. OK, the oils in, now hurry get back in the car. I can't breath. I'm safely back in the car, now just take a minute and breath. When will my hands stop shaking." This is how a person with a phobia of dogs might feel. There is no dog around anywhere in sight, but the thought of a dog running at them barking is enough to cause a panic attack. In "Exploring Psychology" David G. Myers defines phobia as "an anxiety disorder marked by a persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of a specific object or situation" (432). This paper will explore the history, causes, effects, and treatment of Phobias.
Introduce Topic: A phobia as defined by medicalnewstoday.com, “is an irrational fear, a kind of anxiety disorder in which the sufferer has a relentless dread of a situation, living creature, place or thing.”
One of the characteristics of a phobia is a feeling that is greater than the fear of a situation or object with an exaggeration of the danger associated with the said situation or even object. This persistent fear often leads to an anxiety disorder that leads an individual to develop mechanisms that ensure one avoids the object or situation that triggers the occurrence of the phobia. Phobias can have highly debilitating effects on an individual including the development of depression, isolation, substance abuse, and even suicide. Many people take phobia for granted however, it is clear that it has the potential to impair the quality of life for both the affected and the people around them. The fact that many of the phobias are manageable using
Almost everyone alive has a fear of something whether it be heights, spiders or even clowns. Some people however have more serious issues with their fears, fears that follow them almost everywhere they go, these fears are called phobias. It is estimated that 4 to 5 percent of Americans have some type of phobia, which is an irrational fear of situations and certain objects. There are over 500 known phobias; a very common phobia is social phobia.
Having anxiety is common and a part of everyday life however; there is a huge difference between a fear and a social phobia or anxiety disorder. The difference and important distinction psychoanalysts make between a fear and a phobia is “a true phobia must be inconsistent with the conscious learning experience of the individual” (Karon 1). Patients with true phobias “do not respond to cognitive therapy but do respond well to psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic therapy” (Karon 2). Social phobia is a serious anxiety disorder that should not be taken lightly or mistaken as a fear you will simply grow out of the older you get. Social phobia has the power to destroy lives and can prevent people from living and enjoying their life to the fullest. Social phobia is a disabling condition that often starts between the ages of early childhood and late adolescence. The origins of social phobia can be linked to “traumatic social experiences and social isolation” (Hudson118-120). Social phobia is treatable however; research and statics show that not many seek help.
Phobias are considered a part of anxiety disorders, a phobia is an intense and irrational fear of a certain thing or situation. Some examples of phobias include fear of heights, insects, and even talking in front of a large crowd. The intensity of phobias differ from patient to patient but the severity of phobia...
First, it is important to look at the amount of time each habit takes on average. Looking in a long-term viewpoint, studying periodically takes much more time than cramming. Although it may seem as if the opposite is true, cramming is fairly speedy. Before a test, a student may spend two or three hours studying for a history exam. A student who decides to study periodically may study for thirty minutes each night starting two weeks before the exam takes place. That adds up to seven hours, more than double the time it takes to cram for the test! One may argue that by studying a little bit each night, you could study ten or even five minutes a day, but that’s not particularly effective. In a mere ten minutes, it is nearly impossible to cover the needed information. By cramming, one is able to effectively fit two weeks of information in a shorter amount of time. If you participate in several extracurricular activities and/or have a job, it may be very difficult for you to make room for studying and homework each night. By cramming, you are limiting this time to one day rather than eve...
...occupying their minds with irrelevant things that do not pertain to the task at hand (Vassilaki, 2006). Thus, their energy is wasted when it could be used for task elaboration or to help improve their overall academic performance. Students with academic anxiety are self engrossed and lead to their own academic demise. Test anxiety does not only affect a students performance on a test, but Huberty (2009) asserts that test anxiety overtime tends to contribute to more common underachievement. He describes the consequences of constant test anxiety including lowered self-esteem, reduced effort, and loss of desire to complete school tasks. Students who have academic anxiety also have a higher risk of developing depression, and often feel deprived of confidence (Cunningham, 2008). Thus, academic anxiety can become extreme, and have negative effects of students’ well being.
Most students experience some degree of test anxiety. Test anxiety refers to a combination of physiological, emotional, and psychological components that are caused by the stress of taking exams. This may interfere with one's ability to think, reason, and plan. For some students, test anxiety is an unpleasant experience but doesn't necessarily interfere with exam performance. For other students, however, test anxiety is not only an unpleasant experience but also seriously interferes with exam performance.
These are some of the common consequences of what happens when people, who do not study for an exam have to deal with. Though some people who don’t study may have a good reason as to why they did not study for the exam. For example, depending on the level of difficulty of the exam or they might excel in that specific course. But overall there are great benefits to studying before taking an exam as well as negative benefits to not studying before an exam. The effects of not studying for an exam are scoring a low grade on the exam, knowing little to no information about what is on the exam, and spending too much time answering each question on the exam.
There are three kinds of phobias: simple phobia, social phobia, and panic attacks. Simple phobias, also called specific phobias, are fears of a specific thing, such as spiders or being in a closed place. Most simple phobias develop during childhood and eventually disappear. Specific phobia is a marked fear of a specific object or situation. It is a category for any phobias other than agoraphobia and social phobia. The categories of specific phobias are 1. situational phobias such as: fear of elevators, airplanes, enclosed places, public transportation, tunnels, or bridges; 2. fear of the natural environment such as: storms, water, or heights; 3. animal phobias such as: fear of dogs, snakes, insects, or mice; 4. blood-injection-injury phobia such as: fear of seeing blood or an injury, or of receiving an injection. (Wood 520).
College students must find time in their busy schedules to study. In order to keep up they must do daily assignments. Reading every night helps to prepare for the exams. Taking notes in class and out of class are also necessary. Students also have exams at the end of the semester that require hours of studying. Waiting until the last minute and then cramming it all in is often a final resort. Many students who have kept up just go over and recall the information. All students must find time to study in order to pass.
In an ABC news article written by Lauren Cox, these cases are some of the most extreme. Sophie Waller had a deadly fear of the dentist. The girl developed the phobia at the young age of four, when a dentist accidentally cut her tongue. At eight years old, she was still afraid of the dentist. When she was told that she was going to the dentist’s for a cracked tooth, she refused to eat for three days. During the procedure, the dentists decided to pull out her remaining baby teeth. This turned out to be a grave mistake, as she then refused to open her mouth and had to fed with a tube. She continually refused to open her mouth after her release, and died of starvation and dehydration two weeks later. There are children who are afraid to go to school, often because of a specific incident which occured at school. One young girl couldn’t even be on the same block as her school without hyperventilating. After much questioning, it was found out that the fear started from a bully in her class, then quickly generalized to a fear of the entire school. However, when the girl was transferred to a new school, the phobia gradually went away. Two boys who had a fear of dogs, one who was bit and one who saw the incident happen, were too afraid to even go outside, which is what made the difference between a general fear and a phobia. Child phobias are much more dangerous and harder to treat because “...a phobia in a child can pose special challenges that make them harder to detect and perhaps more detrimental.” (ABC News). Not only is it more difficult to treat in children, but it is harder to diagnose. Children are much more susceptible to irrational fear, and often those fears don’t carry out through a lifetime. However, to tell the difference between a childish fear and a phobia, the actions of a child with a serious phobia are likely to be far more extreme.