Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Sarbanes-oxley act and ethics
Cons of sarbanes oxley act
Cons of sarbanes oxley act
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Sarbanes-oxley act and ethics
Clarence Sampson worked his way up the ranks and ultimately served as Chief Accountant of the SEC for 28 years, then spent an additional 5 years at the FASB. His esteemed involvement with creating the foundation of the accounting reporting world we know of today, was coupled with innumerable controversial issues, including that of bad debt expense in relation to the Sarbanes Oxley Act. Sampson’s overall goal, as well as the Chief Accountant’s office of the SEC was to enact and maintain rules that served as a basis for financial reporting, however, he came across a few instances where this was taken too literally. Auditors followed the literature available to them without incorporating common sense and the companies they audited followed suit.
Case 1: In this case. As a certified public accountant, Erickson oversaw and initiated an arbitrary adjustment to increase cash and decrease accounts receivable. Also, Erickson signed Form 10-K with full knowledge that the financial statements include therein incorporated entries misstating revenues. As we can see from this case, Erickson’s behavior not only violate the Business and Professions Code, Division 3, Chapter 1, § 5100(g) and (i), but also against the ethical theories.
“Do unto others as you would have them do unto you”, that I am a firm believer of. Robert C. Solomon, in his passage “It’s Good Business”, writes about the relevance of ethics in our businesses. Solomon believes that business is fundamentally amoral or immoral. He claims that “there is nothing about ethics that requires sacrificing the bottom line”, meaning, ethics do not have to interfere with the company’s profit or loss margins. Is Solomon’s claim compatible with his statement that, “there is no guarantee that ethics is good for the bottom line”? His focus in both statements is directed towards “the bottom line” of a business.
Alexander Hill, Just Business Christian Ethics for the Marketplace. Downers Grove, Ill: IVP Academic, 2008. Paperback. $14.95Jessica Burt
Throughout the past several years major corporate scandals have rocked the economy and hurt investor confidence. The largest bankruptcies in history have resulted from greedy executives that “cook the books” to gain the numbers they want. These scandals typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of assets or underreporting of liabilities, sometimes with the cooperation of officials in other corporations (Medura 1-3). In response to the increasing number of scandals the US government amended the Sarbanes Oxley act of 2002 to mitigate these problems. Sarbanes Oxley has extensive regulations that hold the CEO and top executives responsible for the numbers they report but problems still occur. To ensure proper accounting standards have been used Sarbanes Oxley also requires that public companies be audited by accounting firms (Livingstone). The problem is that the accounting firms are also public companies that also have to look after their bottom line while still remaining objective with the corporations they audit. When an accounting firm is hired the company that hired them has the power in the relationship. When the company has the power they can bully the firm into doing what they tell them to do. The accounting firm then loses its objectivity and independence making their job ineffective and not accomplishing their goal of honest accounting (Gerard). Their have been 379 convictions of fraud to date, and 3 to 6 new cases opening per month. The problem has clearly not been solved (Ulinski).
Throughout history, historians have many times characterized the capitalists who constructed post-Civil War industrial America as either admirable “captains of industry” or wasted “robber barons.” Both of the preceding terms had been used equitably during America’s industrial movements in the late nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. Nonetheless, the term that is most proper for characterizing these capitalists is “captains of industry”, because although some of them may have gained their wealth and power through ruthless means and also at the expenditure of the poorer, working class of people, they have bettered the life of the American people, more so than is compassed in other countries around the world.
According to the conceptual framework, the potential users of financial statements are investors, creditors, suppliers, employees, customers, governments and agencies, and the general public (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006). The primary users are investors, creditors, and those who advise them. It goes on to define the criteria that make up each potential user, as well as, the limitations of financial reporting. The FASB explicitly states that financial reporting is “but one source of information needed by those who make investment, credit, and similar resource allocation decisions. Users also need to consider pertinent information from other sources, and be aware of the characteristics and limitations of the information in them” (Financial Accounting Standards Board, 2006). With this in mind, it is still particularly difficult to determine whom the financials should be catered towards and what level of prudence is necessary for quality judgment.
T.A., L. 1996. Richard Brown, Chartered accountant and Christian gentleman. In: Lee, T. eds. 1996. Shaping the Accountancy Profession: The Story of Three Scottish Pioneers. New York, Garland: pp. 153-221.
This shows how a lack of transparency in reporting of financial statements leads to the destruction of a company. This all happened under the watchful eye of an auditor, Arthur Andersen. After this scandal, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was changed to keep into account the role of the auditors and how they can help in preventing such
In the predicament of David Duncan, the lead audit partner at Arthur Anderson the Accounting Firm for Enron, underscores the penalty that accountants may face under professional accountability. Duncan had pleaded guilty to obstruction of justice when he was involved in the connection with document shredding.
The financial base of any business depends on the strength of their accounting office and financial advisory board. This, over time, has lead to businesses in tough times causing them to take faulty measures and put false information on the accounting documents. This is a major issue causing stockholders to make investments based on inaccurate accounting documents. Fraud occurs when there are misstatements purposely on financial statements. Fraud is wrongful and a deception for personal gain. Recent history proves that major corporations in the accounting world commit fraud in their financial statements. This causes companies to pay millions in damages as well as declare bankruptcy. Companies are not the only ones responsible to ensure that the financial statements are accurate. The responsibility also falls in the hands of the accounting firms that audit the companies. The accounting world did not prepare for the amount of fraud that was occurring in the early 2000s that changed the accounting world forever.
Accounting ethics has been difficult to control as accountants and auditors must keep in mind the interest of the public while that they remain employed by the company they are auditing. The accountants should take into account how to best apply accounting standards when company faces issues related financial loss. The role of accountant is crucial to society. They serve as financial reporters to owe their primary constraint to public interest. The information provided is critical in aiding managers, investors and others in making crucial economic decisions. An accountant is responsible for any fraudulent financial reporting. Some examples of fraudulent reporting are:
In conclusion, appropriate principles could lead to clearer interaction and more comparable financial reporting standards without the need of the current rules. The NZ Framework has provided parts of clear and appropriate underlying principles to lead the application of NZ GAAP and other financial reporting standards. However the standards setting movement from ‘rule-driven’ approach to ‘principle-based’ approach is still half-way in New Zealand. How could principles be sufficiently clearly portrayed and put into practice require the profession to think and support. Just as Tweedie (2007, p.7) states, a principle based system will only work if preparers, auditors, users and regulators wish to make it work.
CEO Kenneth Lay’s ambition for ENRON a company he had helped form went beyond the business of piping gas. Enron went to become the largest natural gas merchant in North America and the United Kingdom. But the reality is, this company business model never worked. This was a company that was so desperate to win Wall Street 's respect that it kept it stocks shares prices going up despite the losses it was incurring in order for executives to keep lining their own pockets. Over the course of this Case Assignment, I will identify the examples of financial reporting misconduct, I will explain the deontological as well as a utilitarian ethical perspective and lastly I will identify the stakeholders likely to be affected by that misconduct.
Dowd (2016) runs above and beyond with the clarification to state accounting fraud incorporates the change of accounting records in regards to sales, incomes, costs and different components for a profit motive, for example, boosting organization stock prices, getting ideal financing or maintaining a strategic distance from obligation commitments. Dowd is of the feeling that covetousness, absence of straightforwardness, poor administration data and poor accounting interior controls are a couple of explanations behind accounting fraud. (Dowd,
When I think of a financial manager, accountant quickly comes to mind. The role of accountant and financial manager are similar in several ways and often times they work closely together on various projects. The role of an Accountant is to ensure that their organization is run efficiently, make sure their records are accurate, and that their taxes are paid properly and on time. Accountants perform a broad range of accounting, auditing, tax, and consulting activities for their clients. They record and analyze the financial information of the companies for which they work. Other responsibilities include budgeting, performance evaluation, cost management, and asset management. “The role of the financial manager has expanded beyond traditional responsibilities related to company's finances. A financial manager, through his/her understanding of the company's financial health, the current market, and the goals of the company, helps set direction and guides decision making.” Financial managers perform several different task related to finance for their organization they normally oversee the preparation of financial reports, direct investment activities, and implement cash management strategies.