Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Accounting fraud and sarbanes oxley
Financial fraud case study
Financial fraud case study
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Accounting fraud and sarbanes oxley
The financial base of any business depends on the strength of their accounting office and financial advisory board. This, over time, has lead to businesses in tough times causing them to take faulty measures and put false information on the accounting documents. This is a major issue causing stockholders to make investments based on inaccurate accounting documents. Fraud occurs when there are misstatements purposely on financial statements. Fraud is wrongful and a deception for personal gain. Recent history proves that major corporations in the accounting world commit fraud in their financial statements. This causes companies to pay millions in damages as well as declare bankruptcy. Companies are not the only ones responsible to ensure that the financial statements are accurate. The responsibility also falls in the hands of the accounting firms that audit the companies. The accounting world did not prepare for the amount of fraud that was occurring in the early 2000s that changed the accounting world forever. The accounting firms that audit the companies have a responsibility to keep independence and to detect if there are any fraud or misstatements occurring within the accounting departments. Independence means that the auditor must have no direct connection to the company or the company’s main officers. The auditor will not have independence if the auditor owns stock of the company or has a family member, such as their Dad, as the CEO of the company. Most audits of major companies have audit teams. The audit team breaks up the company’s financial statements to document and analyze the data while ensuring that the correct accounting standards are being followed and meet regulation. Tests are run on samples of transaction in ... ... middle of paper ... ...se of accounting fraud. Even ones that got involved in any type of accounting fraud are still suffering from the consequences, such as, fines, as well as losing reputation in their name, such as, Waste Management Inc. The passing of the Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002 has decreased the amount of fraud that is taking place today and has put their main interest in protecting the investors. A company being honest and showing integrity in their financial statements has helped investors by giving them the correct information before they invest, and understanding the amount of risk they are taking by investing in each particular company. The laws have evolved with the fraud in accounting, but will the laws keep up with the revolution of the criminal mind? In the past the laws were one step behind, but as for now they are holding their ground to protect people from fraud.
...The Sarbanes-Oxley Act deals with the proper filing of financial paperwork along with rules and regulations to follow while working as a top business (The Sarbanes-Oxley Act, 2002). Some of the consequences that derived from the Act include fines and possible imprisonment up to 20 years for destroying documents. It also made it a crime to destroy corporate audit records. Since the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was in place at the time Bernie Madoff was charged with security fraud, he received 25 years in prison for his wrong-doings (Bernard Madoff, 2014). These crimes by Madoff and Enron have made for safer business practices and stricter laws. However, to ensure cases of this magnitude do not occur again, companies must not only abide by mandated law, they must develop a culture deeply rooted in strong ethics. Character matters in a business just like it does in people.
Throughout the past several years major corporate scandals have rocked the economy and hurt investor confidence. The largest bankruptcies in history have resulted from greedy executives that “cook the books” to gain the numbers they want. These scandals typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of assets or underreporting of liabilities, sometimes with the cooperation of officials in other corporations (Medura 1-3). In response to the increasing number of scandals the US government amended the Sarbanes Oxley act of 2002 to mitigate these problems. Sarbanes Oxley has extensive regulations that hold the CEO and top executives responsible for the numbers they report but problems still occur. To ensure proper accounting standards have been used Sarbanes Oxley also requires that public companies be audited by accounting firms (Livingstone). The problem is that the accounting firms are also public companies that also have to look after their bottom line while still remaining objective with the corporations they audit. When an accounting firm is hired the company that hired them has the power in the relationship. When the company has the power they can bully the firm into doing what they tell them to do. The accounting firm then loses its objectivity and independence making their job ineffective and not accomplishing their goal of honest accounting (Gerard). Their have been 379 convictions of fraud to date, and 3 to 6 new cases opening per month. The problem has clearly not been solved (Ulinski).
Are businesses in corporate America making it harder for the American public to trust them with all the recent scandals going on? Corruptions are everywhere and especially in businesses, but are these legal or are they ethical problems corporate America has? Bruce Frohnen, Leo Clarke, and Jeffrey L. Seglin believe it may just be a little bit of both. Frohnen and Clarke represent their belief that the scandals in corporate America are ethical problems. On the other hand, Jeffrey L. Seglin argues that the problems in American businesses are a combination of ethical and legal problems. The ideas of ethical problems in corporate America are illustrated differently in both Frohnen and Clarke’s essay and Seglin’s essay.
The effects of a declining economy predominantly affect the inherent risk of the audit risk model because of the attraction to either inflate revenues or under-report expenses to keep the company in a positive financial standing. Many high-tech company’s experienced a devastating blow to their financials after the technology bubble burst in 2000, which was marked by two large fraud scandals. First, was Lucent Technologies Inc, a communication equipment provider, which began to inflate revenue of $1.2 billion after management became overwhelmed by the significant decrease in telecommunication equipment spending (Belson, 2004 para. 1). The adage of the adage. Included in the scheme was $125 of false sales to Winstar Communications (Belson, 2004 para. 1).
An accounting scandal is described as a business scandals that stems from intentional manipulation of financial statements with the disclosure of financial misdeeds by trusted executives of corporations or governments. Inappropriate accounting practices more often than not amount to fraud. These fraudulent acts are investigated by government agencies and often change the reputation, structure, and prosperity of a company.
"This is why the market keeps going down every day - investors don't know who to trust," said Brett Trueman, an accounting professor from the University of California-Berkeley's Haas School of Business. As these things come out, it just continues to build up"(CBS MarketWatch, Hancock). The memories of the Frauds at Enron and WorldCom still haunt many investors. There have been many accounting scandals in the United States history. The Enron and the WorldCom accounting fraud affected thousands of people and it caused many changes in the rules and regulation of the corporate world. There are many similarities and differences between the two scandals and many rules and regulations have been created in order to prevent frauds like these. Enron Scandal occurred before WorldCom and despite the devastating affect of the Enron Scandal, new rules and regulations were not created in time to prevent the WorldCom Scandal. Accounting scandals like these has changed the corporate world in many ways and people are more cautious about investing because their faith had been shaken by the devastating effects of these scandals. People lost everything they had and all their life-savings. When looking at the accounting scandals in depth, it is unbelievable how much to the extent the accounting standards were broken.
Unethical accounting practices involving Enron date back to 1987. Enron’s use of creative accounting involved moving profits from one period to another to manipulate earnings. Anderson, Enron’s auditor, investigated and reported these unusual transactions to Enron’s audit committee, but failed to discuss the illegality of the acts (Girioux, 2008). Enron decided the act was immaterial and Anderson went along with their decision. At this point, the auditor’s should have reevaluated their risk assessment of Enron’s internal controls in light of how this matter was handled and the risks Enron was willing to take The history of unethical accounting practic...
Accounting fraud refers to fraud that is committed by a company by maintaining false information about the sales and income in the company books, when overstating the company's assets or profits, when a company is actually undergoing a loss. These fraudulent records are then used to seek investment in the company's bond or security issues. By showing these false entries, the company attempts to apply fraudulent loan applications as a final attempt to save the company by obtaining more money from bankruptcy. Accounting frauds is actually done to hide the company’s actual financial issues.
For those who do not know what fraud is, it’s basically deception by showing people what they want to see. In business it’s the same concept, but in a larger scale by means of manipulating figures that will be shown to shareholders and investors. Before Sarbanes Oxley Act there was “Enron Corporation”, a fortune 500 company that managed to falsify their statements claiming revenues over 101 billion in a span of 15 years. In order for us to understand how this corporation managed to deceive the public for so long, the documentary or movie “Smartest Guys in the Room” goes into depth by providing viewers with first-hand information from people that worked close with or for “Enron”.
One of the foremost problems facing the accounting profession today is the loss of respect that faces accountants in light of recent accounting scandals. In order to regain lost respect in the accounting profession an accountant must have integrity and ethics that are above and beyond the norm. This fact is true whether the accountant works for a business entity or for a government entity. In either situation the accountant is responsible for remaining steadfast, not only in professional behavior, but in personal behavior as well. In recent years, accountants have come under fire by the general public for unethical decisions, a reputation that, although only a few individual accountants were guilty, the entire profession was found guilty of, in the court of public opinion. Now, the accounting profession must be far more diligent in governing themselves, and in assuring those dependent upon their decisions, that they are above reproach. This is especially true of those accountants responsible for government funds, which can be scrutinized by the public. The public seem to have set more rigorous standards than business investors, of what is proper use of the funds available. They will not tolerate waste or misappropriation of funds and demand complete accountability. Accountants must stand ready, willing, and able to answer any and all questions that may be put forth, and be able to prove that the decisions that have been made were correct and proper. This includes not only following the letter of the law, but avoiding any decisions that, while being legal, would not be totally ethical and above board. An accountant is trusted with confidential information which must remain confidential, unless it has led or could possibly lead to illegal activity, in which case, of course, the information, must be reported immediately to the proper authority.
Most of the regulators believe that the reason why the audit quality is reduced is that the auditors will get extremely familiar to and comfortable with their clients’ management, human resources and specific situation. According to Barbara et al. (2006), the auditors have a high probability to have a willingness to please the companies which makes the auditors loss attention to the real substantial problems behind the financial statements. Therefore, regulators give the suggestion to carry out mandatory audit firm rotation to enhance the audit quality, of course with auditor independence, and stimulate auditing professional scepticism (Barnier, 2011).
Although, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act has enhanced corporate governance and lowered the incidence of fraud, recent studies reference that investors and management still have concerns about financial statement fraud. For example:
The fraudulent financial reporting is the information in financial statement that will misleading, omission, and misrepresenting the users in order to attract potential investors and fulfil the shareholder’s expectation wealth. The company may has intended to use wrongly the accounting principle which related to classification, method of depreciation,
The evolution of auditing is a complicated history that has always been changing through historical events. Auditing always changed to meet the needs of the business environment of that day. Auditing has been around since the beginning of human civilization, focusing mainly, at first, on finding efraud. As the United States grew, the business world grew, and auditing began to play more important roles. In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, people began to invest money into large corporations. The Stock Market crash of 1929 and various scandals made auditors realize that their roles in society were very important. Scandals and stock market crashes made auditors aware of deficiencies in auditing, and the auditing community was always quick to fix those deficiencies. The auditors’ job became more difficult as the accounting principles changed, and became easier with the use of internal controls. These controls introduced the need for testing; not an in-depth detailed audit. Auditing jobs would have to change to meet the changing business world. The invention of computers impacted the auditors’ world by making their job at times easier and at times making their job more difficult. Finally, the auditors’ job of certifying and testing companies’ financial statements is the backbone of the business world.
The main purpose of the audit is to provide shareholders of the company with experts, independent members with a true and fair view of the company's annual financial account and position. Independent is one of the audit trails that show that he can perform his duties objectively.