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Challenges of raising a disabled child
Challenges of raising a disabled child
Education of disabled children
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Chapter II
Review of Related Literature
Science is an important part of the basic foundation for the education of school children. Science lesson gives students to develop their creativity. It helps them to understand the environment and this will result to their better creative power. It is necessary for science students to explore their environment and discover something new to them. Science is an important part of the basic foundation for the education of school children. Science lesson gives students to develop their creativity. It helps them to understand the environment and this will result to their better creative power. It is necessary for science students to explore their environment and discover something new to them.
A struggling
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Whereas the learning disabled child has peaks and valleys in knowledge and skill levels, often the struggling learner’s strengths and needs can be described as “flat.” Struggling learner’s often: Have difficulty organizing themselves and their work environment. Do not take oral instructions the first time given. Are overwhelmed by work tasks and need work chunked for them. Have weak social and emotional skills. (http://jillrobbins.com/calla/references/What_is_a_struggling_learner.pdf)
“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered, the point is to discover”. This is a line from the famous scientist, Galileo Galilei, the father of modern science. He emphasized in this quote the significance of discovering truth, more than just understanding it.
The purpose of teaching is to provide appropriate and effective instruction to students. As Science teacher we are responsible to develop and provide the necessary visual aids use in science classes (Dy 2011). Teaching physical sciences is more productive when there is an availability of the materials suited to the level of students. The use of an effective instructional material plays an important role during the teaching-learning process. There is a relationship between the utilization of an effective instructional material with the performance level of secondary students as cited in
General Science is a study involving biology, chemistry, physics and environmental sciences. Students from Year 7 to Year 10 are introduced to these various disciplines to gain general knowledge about science and can later develop into deeper concepts. Science is not just fat laboratory coats, Einstein’s equations, mixing chemicals, massive space shuttles, or peeking through microscopes, but involves critical thinking, analysing data and applying understandings of the natural world to solve real problems. Science is an approach to learning what made this world and how things worked decades ago, how they work today, and how they are expected to work in forthcoming years. Some of the social justice issues hidden behind science can have major consequences.
. . . the truths whose discovery has cost the most effort, which at first could be grasped only by men capable of profound thought, are soon carried further and proved by methods that are no longer beyond the reach of ordinary intelligence. (Condorcet)
While perceptions of learning disabilities (LD) may vary according to country, culture, and teachers, it is often necessary to diagnose students in order to receive funding for services. It can be helpful to recognize those learning disabilities that students may have in order to provide extra assistance when necessary. It would be advantageous, too, if wide recognition of LD could take away the stigma that is often present. However, since LD is a multi-faceted topic, labeling often carries a negative connotation and can lead to ostracizing of students. It is beneficial for a student if the classification of a student with LD results in an enhanced educational experience.
Often, valuable knowledge is learned when you find the truth. In Allegory of the cave by Plato the escaped prisoner came out of the cave with just shadows to see the real world. This was obviously a big deal to find out the truth about his entire life being essentially a lie and pretty hard to accept but, we can presume that the outside world was a whole lot more beautiful than inside a cave with just shadows as your world. One thing that comes from finding out the truth is that you have more of a freedom to make your own choices. When you are in the ignorant world you just go through the motions and follow what you have been taught your whole life but when you accept the truth you are able to make your own decisions and educate
Students with learning disabilities in the regular classroom may have challenges that require special attention. If the teacher is able to identify the disabilities and the features associated with them then the teacher can tailor the lessons to meet the needs of the students. These may include differentiated instruction and facilitating an inclusive classroom which will see inclusive strategies employed that will cater to the needs of students with learning disabilities. These inclusive strategies can range from individualized learning programs to team and co-teaching. In some cases, the teacher can arrange for a special education teacher or arrange for a pull out program to assist students who have learning disabilities. Strategies that will also cater to learning disabilities may also include the use of technology. According to Ford 2013 ‘In some situations it may be best for students with LD to be taught in separate pull out classrooms with a teacher who can provide targeted skill instruction in areas where a student is struggling.’ ‘When provided appropriate support within this setting, many of these students can achieve academically and develop positive self-esteem and social skills. (American Speech-Language-Hearing Association 1991). They also recommend that schools should ‘require in-service programs for all school personnel to give them the knowledge and skills necessary to provide education for students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom.’ Schools should include activities to help participants learn strategies to meet individual needs of students, foster attitudes conductive to educating students with learning disabilities in the regular education classroom, and promote
But this definition still isn’t very telling. One must actively seek truth in order to discover it because starts lead to finishes. The first question is the most important and those who aren’t willing to seek it are considered to be deficient. This brings us to the idea of the beginner’s mind. Those who don’t believe that they are all knowing have the capability of making new connections and acquiring new knowledge. In this case “beginners” know nothing and the result is they are wiser because they know they know nothing. One cannot think very wise of themselves in most important pursuits, such as the meaning of truth, or this will overshadow the wisdom they had because their own ignorance isn’t recognized. If while trying to discover the truth one discovers the false, they have also discovered the truth. In other words, the proposition, an expression of what’s there. What’s false is true, and what’s true is false, a form of duality. If someone tells you something they did and it’s a lie, it’s a true lie. This is a fact because facts are things or events and everything is factual. And since facts make up knowledge ones properly justified true belief, then truth is knowledge. Truth is the glue between you and reality or an everlasting substance that can be relied
The knowledge can equip one when he or she pursues the truth. However, an illusion of owning the knowledge can do exactly the opposite. People tend to have their opinions, but it is important to realize that we may do not own the knowledge that we thought we had. The perplexity can be a sign for us that reminds us the existence of ignorance of ourselves, just as what Socrates said, “…he would be glad to find out, whereas before he thought he could easily make many fine speeches to large audiences about the square of double size…” (Meno, 84c).
High Incidence disabilities are mild disabilities that affect most of the special education students in schools today. “Approximately 36 percent of all students with disabilities served under IDEA have specific learning disabilities.” (Turnbull, Turnbull, Wehmeyer & Shogren, 2016 p. 104)The three areas that fall under the title of a high incidence disabilities are learning disabilities, mild intellectual disabilities, and emotional/ behavioral disorders. Students with high incidence disabilities are taught and spend most of their time in the general education classroom. They are supported in the classroom with accommodations, modifications, paraprofessionals and related services to help them succeed. They may spend a portion of their day receiving support from a special education teacher, or another related service providers such as a speech pathologist, physical therapist, occupational therapist, or social worker outside of the classroom. It becomes apparent when students start school which ones have a high incidence disability. This is because when they start school educators begin to notice they are different from their peers sometimes socially, behaviorally, or they begin to struggle academically. They all share some similar traits such as a short attention span and lower academic skills in certain areas or subjects. They may also have difficulties with their behavior or social development. At that point they may be referred to for testing or an evaluation to see what might be going on with the student.
Mercer, C.D., Mercer, A.R, & Pulen, P.C. (2011). Teaching students with learning problems. New Jersey: Pearson. Page 4.
As common as learning disabilities may be, not every child in America is affected, however, the number may be larger than one thinks. In 2001, over 2.9 million children were diagnosed with a learning disability. The number is not accurate since some definitions of a learning disability are different than others. (NCLD 2001) Some of the most common are dyslexia, dysgraphia, and dyscalculia. Typically one who suffers from a learning disability has difficulty in writing, reading, speaking, listening, and mathematics (NCLD 2001). They may also have short-term memory loss and will frequently let their emotions overpower their reasoning. They may have a hard time paying attention in class and find ways to avoid work, especially when they find the material too difficult. (Silverman) They are disorganized in bo...
Research provided in the literature was done mostly with primary school aged children and completed using different areas of the curriculum. The research placed interactive whiteboards in a classroom with a projector and computer with the location being that of a typical whiteboard in the front of the classroom. The interactive whiteboards provide the opportunity to provide the curriculum to the student while interacting with the material and the teacher. Additional research from the literature was completed with pre-service teachers in Australia. They were pre-service primary education teachers studying the area of science education.
Induction is at the foundation of science, but the awareness come with a paradox because now laws and theories are questioned. Induction uses the individual facts. The imagination of a scientist allows the discovery of laws and theories. There is no single method to use to reach conclusions. The teaching of science now works against creative science which makes science dry and uninteresting to students. Shiela Tobias thinks that students do not want to do something science related as a career because they are not given an opportunity to see science as exciting and
Education is a profession which requires a teacher to be able to communicate with a multitude of students on a variety of levels. There is not a class, or student for that matter, that is identical. Therefore, teachers must be able to identify and help educate students from all different types of backgrounds and at different levels. Teaching a singular subject presents difficulties, but teaching students with disabilities should not be one. There are three main teaching areas that need to be focused on when teaching a student with a learning disability. Teachers need to focus on the strategies that will assist students with reading comprehension skills, writing skills, and maintaining appropriate behaviors in a classroom setting.
There are many types of learning disabilities that can hinder a child’s scholastic performance. These include: dyscalculia; dysgraphia; dysphasia; auditory, memory, and processing disability; and dyslexia.
In Science, teachers serve as the facilitator of learning, guiding them through the inquiry process. Teachers must ask open-ended questions, allow time for the students to answer, avoid telling students what to do, avoid discouraging students’ ideas or behaviors, encourage to find solutions on their own, encourage collaboration, maintain high standards and order, develop inquiry-based assessments to monitor students’ progress, and know that inquiry may be challenging for some students so be prepared to provide more guidance. There are three types of Science inquiry: structured, guided, and open. Structured is the most teacher-centered form of inquiry. This type of inquiry is mainly seen in laboratory exercises where the teacher needs to provide structure, however the students are the ones who conduct the experiment and find conclusions. Guided inquiry is where the students are given tools to develop a process and find the results. As an example, the teacher would instruct the students to build a rocket, but not tell them how to design it. This leaves creativity and uniqueness for the students to be able to apply their knowledge and skills. Open inquiry is when students determine the problem, i...