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What is critical thinking
Methods of critical thinking
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In Peter Elbow’s essay “The Doubting Game and the Believing Game” have rules that Elbow urges the reader to use in the two games (doubting and believing) to have one main goal of teaching critical thinking which yields intellectual “power”. These games are to help highlight curiosity, fair judgement and adaptability. All which are components of high-level reasoning (critical thinking). The intellectual way of being is seeking mental challenges and ask questions that stop at one answer but open up more questions. This develops the critical thinking on being rational and reflect on the reasonability of a person’s beliefs. For example, in the Doubting game the rules are laid out and simple. We must doubt an assertion to find the errors. To do that we must assume it is untrue and the truer it seems, the harder we have to doubt it. This teaches the way of thinking of seeking truth by indirection and use this process in the rational, disciplined way it is intended to be to avoid “deluding” ourselves. While in the Believing Game, we must try sharing perceptions and experiences to find the right answer. There will be no leverage and we put ourselves in a position to have fair judgement. Even if we start out with the right answer, we must still believe the opposing side to gain insight and build up trustworthiness. We go from a point and go through with it to understand it.
"“There Are Two Ways to Be Fooled. One Is to Believe What Isn't True; the Other Is to
Summerized from The Believing Game Peter Elbow “people learned systematic doubting with its logic reasoning and critical thinking, we might forget what believing is. Because the culture’s believing don’t have a methodological discipline, we had to learn to not trust believing and believing can seem a scary word. The believing game is not much honored.”Summerized from The Believing Game Peter Elbow “people learned systematic doubting with its logic reasoning and critical thinking, we might forget what believing is. Because the culture’s believing don’t have a methodological discipline, we had to learn to not trust believing and believing can seem a scary word. The believing game is not much honored.”Summerized from The Believing Game Peter Elbow
Dr. Gerald M. Nosich, an expert in critical thinking, wrote a book titled, “Learning to Think Things Through,” for his readers to understand and enhance their analytical skills. In the book, Nosich discussed the eight elements of reasoning including two additional elements: Purpose, Question at Issue, Assumptions, Implications and Consequences, Information, Concepts, Conclusions/Interpretation, Point of View, and Alternatives and Context (two additional elements). These elements help sort through our reasoning process so that we can make reasonable decisions. As a kid, I did not fully understand nor used any critical thinking skills, which led me to make some unreasonable mistakes.
Most people have had some sort of conflict affect their lives at least once. That conflict could alter a person’s views of the world around them. In the play Doubt by John Patrick Shanley, conflict is used to grasp the reader’s emotions and cause the reader to rethink their preconceived notions about the characters in the play. Doubt takes place in 1964 in St. Nicholas, which is a school and Catholic Church in New York. The play focuses on a priest named Father Brendan Flynn and a nun named Sister Aloysius Beauvier. The conflict highlighted in this play is between these two characters. After Father Flynn starts taking an African American student under his wing, named Donald Muller, Sister Aloysius suspects Father Flynn is up to no good. She
In Doubt: a Parable, John Patrick Shanley sheds light on the subject of gender inequality. In the play, Sister Aloysius holds a position of power as the principal of St. Nicholas School, but within the church structure, that power is relinquished to the men based on the structure that the church dictates. Men hold higher power where women have submissive roles. The settings of the different scenes, particularly the rectory, become part of Shanley’s critique of gender roles within the context of the Church’s hierarchy. Sister Aloysius has much doubt and is suspicious about Father Flynn and his relationship with Donald Muller. She is driven to go beyond the limitations the church holds upon her in order to prove Father Flynn’s actions are criminal.
There are many tactics that both sides can and do use to try and get the other side to yield first, when negotiations are under way. Uni...
Introduction Critical thinking provides an opportunity to explore the positive and negative sides of an argument for and against an idea, theory, or notion. Reasoning and perception is attuned to personal impression and provides outcome to belief and opinion. The dictionary term and understanding for the word ‘logic’ is “of sound thinking and proof by reasoning” (Merriam-Webster, 2009). Logic is the examination of the methods and doctrine used to determine ‘correct’ from ‘incorrect’ and is used in the structure of an argument.
Enduring Questions: A Guide to Critical Thinking and Argument, with Readings. 5th ed. New York: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 1998. 475-479.
The main concept of Doubt: A Parable is the development of doubt and certainty. The preface plays an important role, because it depicts the role doubt can play in people’s lives. John Shanley tells the audience that “we are living in a culture of extreme advocacy, of confrontation, of judgement, and of verdict.” (Shanley, 2005) The preface outlines the various ways of dealing with doubt and how some people can recognize what doubt really is. The theme of doubt vs. certainty is shown throughout the story.
Skepticisms arise when we think there is no enough reason or good reason to accept certain facts. In fact, this actually helps us to stop and think about whether what we think of as the truth is actually true or false, and this also helps us to question certain things that we take for granted. This may be a good thing but on the other side there is no guarantee that we will come up with better answers than the previous ones by constant questioning. Take the example of a child, when one talks with a very young child with full of curiosity, the child often asks a question and, even after their questions are addressed, the child still asks “why” to the answers given. The Why Conversation goes on until the person answering the questions gets annoyed or ends it with a statement that lacks explanation. Therefore, the conversation often ends when the person reaches a point where he can no longer answer the questions. As seen above, skepticism can be illustrated in the “Why Conversation.”, which substantiates the assumptions in the title. Consequently, this essay will attempt to investigate how skepticism can work as a tool to broaden or limit our knowledge.
"Teaching Games for Understanding ." Teaching Games for Understanding . N.p.. Web. 16 Sep 2013. .
The argument that is used in the idea of skepticism has comparable and incompatible views given from Augustine and Al-Ghazali. Both monologues cover and explain the doubts one should have, due to the
If we can harness/utilize the energy, motivation and sheer potential of their game-play and direct it toward learning, we can give students the tools to become winners in real game of life.
When a previously learned belief is doubted for a critical thinker mind it should be attempted to be proven wrong. However, if the belief holds up under the pressure, and cannot be proven wrong the belief is then stronger and becomes more reliable. In my personal life experience, I have been a doubter next to everything, doubt has been a necessity to the way I learn about anything.
... understand the other side’s point of view. All parties are able to identify areas of agreement and disagreement, creatively explore and evaluate alternatives, and select solutions to which they are all committed. Though collaborating is the only win-win approach preferred to resolving conflicts in many situations, there is time and place for the other styles as they may better meet the needs of the situation.