The term drug nomenclature implies that there are several names that can be used to identify a drug Drugs have three different names; 1. Chemical Name 2. Non Proprietary name 3. Proprietary name. Chemical Name • A chemical name is given when a new chemical entity (NCE) is developed. • It is the name given to drug in accordance with rules of chemical nomenclature established by International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. • It is useful for chemists or technical personnel as it provides the precise arrangement of atoms and atomic groups in the molecule. • It is not used to identify the drug in a clinical or marketing situation. Non proprietary name It is a short name given to a drug that is not subject to proprietary rights. The nonproprietary …show more content…
Approved Name 2. Official Names Approved name: This name is given to drug by bodies like United Stats Adopted Name Council (USAN) and British Approved Name (BAN) soon after its introduction. This name sometime referred to as generic name however this term is used to designate a chemical or pharmacological class of drugs such as Sulphonamide, Penicillin. Official names: It is the name approved by the National Pharmacopeia Commission and included in the official book i.e. Pharmacopeia. The official name must be identical with approved name. Proprietary name: It is the name given to a drug by the pharmaceutical firm which sell the drug. Thus a single drug is sold under many proprietary names by different firms. They are written with capital initial letter and are often further distinguished by superscript R in circle Clinicians usually described drug by their proprietary names. Example: Paracetamol: • Chemical name: N-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acetamide. • Approved Name: British Approved Name (BAN): paracetamol • United States Adopted Name (USAN): acetaminophen • Official Name: Acetaminophen • Proprietary name: Panadol, Calpol, Adol It is essential because it allows several thousand of drugs to be reduced to a manageable number of …show more content…
• Drugs acting on CVS (Digitoxin, Digoxin). • Drugs acting on GIT (Omeprazole, Kaoline, Sulphadimidine). • Drugs acting on Urinary System (Magnesium Sulphate, Lasix • Drugs acting on reproductive system (Oxytocin, Estrogen) Classification based on mode of action • Classification based on mode of action is done by Physicians & Pharmacologists. • Inhibitor of bacterial cell wall synthesis (penicillin) • Inhibitor of bacterial protein synthesis (Tetracycline) • Calcium Channel blocker (Verapamil, nifedipine) Classification based on therapeutic use • Classification based on mode of action is done by Physicians & Pharmacologists. • Antimicrobials/Antibacterials (Penicillin, Streptomycin, Quinolones, Macrolides). • Antihypertensive (Clonidine, hydralazine, Enalpril). • Antidiarrheals (Lopramide, Kaoline). • Antiemetics (Domperidone, Meclizine and Metoclopramide). Classification based on physiological system • Sympathomimetics (Adrenaline, Noradrenaline). • Parasympathomimetics (Carbachol, Pilocarpine, Neostigmine). • Neuromuscular blockers Suxamethonium, Gallamine). Classification based on physical effects • Emollients (Lanolin, Vaseline) • Caustics (Silver nitrate) • Demulcents (Zinc Oxide, Tannic
It is not hard to obtain the same drugs from different sources so the customer loyalty is virtually non-existent and the pharmacies have to try extremely hard to sustain their consumer base.
...gs must be within the medical specifications and without proper analysis; the consumers may be subjected to dangerous components within a drug.
Today, Johnson & Johnson is a pharmaceutical giant worth $71 billion. The company is listed on NYSE as JNJ with 2.83 billion shares outstanding with the value of $92.7 per share.
... Officer on Proposed Trade Regulation Rule: Concerning the Advertising of Over-the Counter Antacids. Washington, D.C.: Federal Trade Commission, 1979.
and yet simple of the act, which severely impacts pharmacy and is forbidden by the PDMA, is the act of knowingly trading, purchasing, or knowingly selling a prescription drug sample. This offense is punishable for a fine of up to two hundred and fifty- thousand dollars, and up to ten years of imprisonment. Many pharmacists do not realize is that there is a fee of up to one hundred and twenty five thousand dollars for the individuals who provide information leading to the conviction of a violator of the PDMA. Another important portion of this vast law is that it prohibits pharmacists to resale of any prescription drug that was previously purchased by hospitals or any other health care facility. The provision was intended to eliminate a major source of drugs in the diversion market such as; drugs that were originally purchased by hospitals or health care facilities at substantially discounted prices, as allowed by the Nonprofit Institutions Act of 1938, and then resold to the retail class of trade. Congress believed that the resale of such drugs created an unfair for of competition. Re...
was approved in 1982 and in another form, that is to be taken orally rather than
presents a vast amount of information about many aspects of the drug such as the
Why do consumers purchase specific drugs for various ailments, sicknesses or diseases they might have? Why do physicians prescribe certain drugs over competitive drugs that may be available to the public? Why is it that most of us can easily name specific drugs that fit the many ailments of today’s society? On the surface the answer might be as simple as good TV advertising or radio commercials or even internet adds. The truth of matter is the major pharmaceutical manufacturers own the patents on these drugs and this gives them all of the marketing budget and muscle they need to promote the drug and control the pricing. The incentives for larger pharmaceutical companies are very enticing and as a result, they don’t mind spending the time in clinical trials and patent courts to get their drugs approved. Some will even get patents on the process by which the drug is manufactured, ensuring that no competitor can steal the drug or the process. This protects their large financial investment and nearly guarantees a large return for their investors. Many consumer rights groups claim this is nothing more than legalizing monopolies for the biggest manufacturers.
both the benefit and risk of all medication before approval.. In addition, FDA makes the labeling
was designed to avoid mislabeled food and drug products and was the start of making sure every
Hochadel, M. (2014). Mosby's Drug Reference for Health Care Professionals (fourth edition ed.). : Elsevier.
The Controlled Substances Act. http://www.fda.gov/regulatoryinformation/legislation/ucm148726.htm.
Drug is a chemical which alters the processes in the organism, which is used in the medicine for prevention, diagnosis and treatment of the diseases (Farlex, 2011). Drug discovery is a long term process that needs money investment. The process of drug investigation takes approximately from 9 to 15 years during which the number of chemicals that can become drug is reduced from 10,000 to 1-2 (Saparov, 2011). Even after manufacturing the drug is studied by scientists for modifying its structure, delivery and effects on the organism. Drug discovery consists of several stages which help to examine its effectiveness and side effects.