Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
4. Problems surrounding the annexation of Texas
Texas annexation controversy
4. Problems surrounding the annexation of Texas
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: 4. Problems surrounding the annexation of Texas
The westward expansion, the pivotal period where the United States tracked down a policy of extension based off the “manifest destiny”; an ideology that Americans were destined to expand their nation across the lands. Those who were convinced that slavery was the main cause towards the events like the annexation of Texas and the Mexican War were not as correct; they were simply other issues besides that which concerned the expansion. Though the problems shown seem to reveal that slavery was an important value, but it could never be a valid reason for expansion no matter how the issues occur. Reverend William Ellery Channing mentioned in his letter to Henry Clay that annexing Texas to the United States would perpetuate slavery, he would continue …show more content…
Thomas Hart Benton’s speech mentioned “Let the emigrants go on, and carry their rifles… Thirty thousand rifles on the Oregon will annihilate the Hudson Bay Company, drive them off our continent, quiet their Indians, and protect the American interests in all the vast regions…” (Doc. A). The territory became the center of attention for those who believed that it was the United States’ responsibility and right to claim it along with liberty across the North American continent. The United States’ claim came from the explorations Lewis and Clark had, it including the establishment of trading posts set up by companies, the land explored made it an assumption that the United States owns it. It was proposed that to extend its borders along parallel to the Pacific Ocean, so arguments occurred with Great Britain where they insisted that a northern border should be placed west from the Columbia River; neither side budged so they agreed to postpone the decision for an entire decade. As the decision remained, the Webster-Ashburton Treaty of 1842 delineated borders near Canada but didn’t include the borders of the Oregon Territory. The next year (1943) increased the immigration on the Oregon Trail to the Territory which made the borders an issue. James Polk, a proud supporter of the Manifest Destiny had some …show more content…
Thomas Corwin speaks out claiming and questioning what belongs to us, whatever is meets the need of the United States should be theirs, any issues with that can be fix by just leaving (Doc. E). Shortly after the Texan annexing and the Mexican-American war, many pro-slavery southerners sought to expand further south, meaning that more land would make slavery increase and grow. The Expansion involved the Caribbean and Central America; the expansionist’s dreams were aided by some of the countries there, though the American public condemn some actions by some of those countries. Now another controversy occurred in an attempt to mollify a proslavery wing, the opposite side wanted nothing of slavery to continue on. Usually filibusterers were ultimately a form that proved to be embarrassing to United States’ diplomatic actions despite the international detainments for the United States to gain more power, the United States expansion became hindered to some
John Sullivan founded the manifest destiny movement (Doc A). This idea of God leading the U.S. westward into new territory spread, reaching the president, James K. Polk. He liked this idea, for he wanted to gain more land, especially from Mexico. James Polk was greedy for more territory, as he was a Democrat, who supported annexing Texas and Oregon. Using manifest destiny to obtain this land for the U.S. meant more Americans would support the westward expansion. Therefore, Polk was able to send Americans, particularly farmers, westward, which would soon cause great conflict with Mexico, leading to war. Polk sent multiple representatives to Mexico, wanting to make deals for land in Mexico’s possession (Doc E). One specific person Polk sent was WIlliam Emory. He went to offer a friendship with Mexico and to state reasoning for the U.S. invading Mexican territory. James Polk knew the Mexican Republic was angry at America for invading Texas. So, logically, he sent one of many “ambassadors” to create a peace treaty, and offer a friendship supplying benefits, such as protection for Mexico. Although, Mexico declared the U.S. as “invaders” and rejected the proposed treaties. Though it may seem former president James Polk was pro-manifest destiny, and genuinely wanted a national agreement of peace with Mexico, he was really eyeing their land, where he could obtain the territory, and
During the years surrounding James K. Polk's presidency, the United States of America grew economically, socially, and most noticeably geographically. In this time period, the western boundaries of the Untied States would be expanded all the way to the Pacific Ocean. Many Americans in the 19th century believed that the acquisition of this territory to the west was their right and embraced the concept of "Manifest Destiny". This concept was the belief that America should stretch from sea to shining sea and it was all but inevitable. Under the cover of "Manifest Destiny", President Polk imposed his views of an aggressive imperialistic nation. Imperialism is the practice of extending the power and dominion of a nation by direct territorial acquisitions over others, and clearly America took much of this land by force rather than peaceful negotiations with other nations. Polk acquired three huge areas of land to include: the Republic of Texas, the Oregon Territory, and the states of California, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico under the Mexican Cession.
Manifest Destiny did not end at Texas however, and neither did the debates over slavery and consequently the power of the government. In O’sullivan;s essay , The Annexation of Texas Is Part of America’s Manifest Destiny, O'Sullivan celebrated the annexation but also made this prediction, saying that the weak Mexican government, distracted by the war, could never hope to hold onto the large Californian territory and that “Already the advance guard of the irresistible army of the Anglo-Saxon emigration has begun to poor down upon it, armed with the plough and the rifle, and marking its trail with schools and colleges, courts and representative halls, mills and meeting houses.” (O'Sullivan Annexation). O'Sullivan spoke of the spread of democracy
As many people will support it, several will oppose the idea of manifest destiny. Most candidates ardently opposed the idea of expansionism proposed and coined by columnist and editor John L. O’Sullivan during the annexation of Texas in 1845. Advocating for prompt liberation distinguished abolitionists from more direct anti-slavery advocates who contended for repressive liberation, and from free-soil activists who looked to confine slavery to existing areas and prevent its spread further west. Just years before the Mexican war, abolitionists like John Quincy Adams, sixth president of the United States, supported the annexation of Oregon in 1846, which spread from the Pacific coast to the Rocky Mountains. But once the abolitionists caught on to the idea of new territory becoming pro-slavery states, they quickly set against it.
During the early to mid eighteen hundreds, there was great unrest across the country over territorial expansion. Half of the nation believed that it would be beneficial to the country if we expanded, while the other half were firmly opposed to expansion. Within the century, the United States managed to claim Texas, California, and the majority of Indian-owned lands. Opinions on this expansion were mixed around the country. Polls taken during the time period show that the majority of the south and west supported expansion, while northerns were opposed to it. (Document B) This was because the northerners had different values and beliefs than the southerners of westerners. Both the opponents and supporters of territorial expansion during the time period between 1800 and 1855, had a tremendous influence on shaping federal government policy. However, it can be argued that the supporters of territorial expansion had the largest impact. They were able to sway the federal government to create policies and new laws that were in favor of supporter’s beliefs.
The years 1840 to 1890 were a period of great growth for the United States. It was during this time period that the United states came to the conclusion that it had a manifest destiny, that is, it was commanded by god to someday occupy the entire North American continent. One of the most ardent followers of this belief was President James K. Polk. He felt that the United States had the right to whatever amount of territory it chose to, and in doing this the United States was actually doing a favor for the land it seized, by introducing it to the highly advanced culture and way of life of Americans. Shortly after his election he annexed Texas. This added a great amount of land to the United States, but more was to follow. The Oregon Territory became a part of the United States is 1846, followed by the Mexican Cession in 1848 and the Gadsden Purchase in 1853. At this point the United States had accomplished its manifest destiny, it reached from east to west, from sea to shining sea. Now that the lands it so desired were finally there, the United States faced a new problem- how to get its people to settle these lands so they would actually be worth having. Realistically, it is great to have a lot of land, but if the land is unpopulated and undeveloped, it really isn't worth much. And the government of the United States knew this. One of the reasons that many did not choose to settle there immediately was that the lands were quite simply in the middle of nowhere. They were surrounded by mountains, inhabited by hostile Indians, and poor for farming. Because of these geographical conditions, the government was forced to intervene to coax its citizens into settling the new lands. Basically the lands were not settled because they were available, they were settled because of various schemes the government concocted to make them seem desirable.
As the country continued to expand westward, the United States developed the belief of Manifest Destiny, where expansion across the continent was justified and inevitable. Congressman Robert Toombs of Georgia had given his speech on the House floor in December 13, 1849, addressing that the westward expansion should allow slavery on the new territories that were claimed through war and purchased land. In his speech, Toombs had also acknowledged that the North was trying to prevent the spread of slavery and that he would work hard to preserve slavery, even if there will be disunion (Doc B). A year had later passed, where the Compromise of 1850 had been created, reasserting the Missouri Compromise line and that California had been admitted as a free state. In the map of Document C, it shows unorganized territory that would later become states when the population was enough; however, the unorganized territory was above the Missouri Compromise line in 1850, possibly allowing slavery to expand towards the north (Doc...
The Manifest Destiny was a progressive movement starting in the 1840's. John O'Sullivan, a democratic leader, named the movement in 1845. Manifest Destiny meant that westward expansion was America's destiny. The land that was added to the U.S. after 1840 (the start of Manifest Destiny) includes The Texas Annexation (1845), The Oregon Country (1846), The Mexican Cession (1848), The Gadsden Purchase (1853), Alaska (1867), and Hawaii (1898). Although this movement would take several years to accomplish fully, things started changing before we knew it. New technology took off right away!
In 1845, a fellow named John C. Calhoun coined the term "Manifest Destiny." The term Manifest Destiny was a slogan for westward expansion during the 1840's. In the west there was plenty of land, national security, the spread of democracy, urbanization, but there was also poverty out west. People moved out west in search for a new life such as a new beginning. Moving out west, settlers from the east were taking a risk of a lot of things. The climate was different and there were more cultures that lived out west because of how much land was available.
America was expanding at such a rapid pace that those who were in America before us had no time to anticipate what was happening. This change in lifestyle affected not only Americans but everyone who lived in the land. Changing traditions, the get rich quick idea and other things were the leading causes of westward expansion. But whatever happened to those who were caught in the middle, those who were here before us?
Many believed in Manifest Destiny. That is was a God given right to spread Christianity and American ideals such as democracy all over the continent from coast to coast. This idea triggered over a million Americans to get up and sell their homes in the east and set out on Oregon, Mormon, Santa Fe, and California trails. Not everyone agreed with this expansion in the West. The slavery debate, once again, fueled many problems with Westward expansion.
The United States, as a young nation, had the desire to expand westward and become a true continental United States that stretched from the Atlantic to the Pacific. Various factors, strategic and economic, contributed to the desire to expand westward. According to John O’Sullivan, as cited by Hestedt in Manifest Destiny 2004; "the U.S. had manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence to the free development of our yearly multiplying millions" (¶2). As Americans ventured westward to settle the frontier, their inherent superior beliefs, culture and the principles of democracy accompanied them. America’s ruthless ambition to fulfill its manifest destiny had a profound impact on the nation’s economy, social systems and foreign and domestic policies; westward expansion was a tumultuous period in American History that included periods of conflict with the Native Americans and Hispanics and increased in sectionalism that created the backdrop for the Civil War.
As the United States grew in power, so did her ideas of expansion. The foreign powers were beginning to move out of their continents and seek land in other countries. The United States soon followed. They followed in their founder’s footsteps and tried to occupy lands in the far seas. However, in the beginning, this need for more land was called Manifest Destiny. This idea claimed that God was forcing them to occupy the new western lands. The expansionism that occurred in the late 1800’s was not a result of Manifest Destiny, and thus this "new" idea of expansionism was different from the expansionism ideas of early America. For the most part, the United States’ need for more land was primarily to keep other nations (mainly European powers) out of the western hemisphere. However the United States began to see reason behind change towards the "new" expansionistic ideas.
Permissiveness coupled with a self-righteous entitlement is not considered very flattering on anyone, much less a developing young country. The loose handle the US government had in the 1800s on its land-hungry constituents contributed to the worst (but among the most overlooked) genocide in recorded history. The few preventative actions taken by the federation to slow the quickening roll of excessive expansion were overruled or overlooked by the citizens. Deciding that the east coast was no longer enough to satiate their appetite for possession, they looked to the west. Imagining themselves to be Moses, claiming their promised land, the settlers surged westward, citing Manifest Destiny, a concept that suggested providence had intended the
At the time Andrew Jackson was president, there was a fast growing population and a desire for more land. Because of this, expansion was inevitable. To the west, many native Indian tribes were settled. Andrew Jackson spent a good deal of his presidency dealing with the removal of the Indians in western land. Throughout the 1800’s, westward expansion harmed the natives, was an invasion of their land, which led to war and tension between the natives and America, specifically the Cherokee Nation.