Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
Essays about the west nile virus
Essays about the west nile virus
Nile west virus research essay
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: Essays about the west nile virus
West Nile Virus
West Nile or WNV is a virus that is most commonly spread to people by mosquito bites. The first cases were recognized in and the Middle East, India, Australia, Africa, some parts of Asia, and Europe. It was not known to be in North America till around 1999. People can get infected with West Nile virus by getting bit by an infected mosquito. The mosquitoes become infected when they feed on infected birds. An infected mosquito can give the virus to humans and animals.
In North America WNV virus occur during mosquito season (summer and ends in fall). There are no vaccines or medications to treat WNV. Most people that are infected with WNV do not show symptoms. Some cases of West Nile virus were spread by blood transfusions, breastfeeding,
In 1994, a stable in Hendra, a suburb of Brisbane, Queensland, Australia broke out with an unknown respiratory disease that resulted in thirteen horses and one horse trainer severely ill, resulting in death. [7, 8] This disease was isolated by scientists and later classified as the Hendra virus. The Hendra virus (HeV), previously unknown, is now classified under the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus along with its sister viruses the Nipah Virus and Cedar virus.[7, 9] HeV has the capability of causing fatal diseases in several animal species including humans.[1] The primary host of the Hendra virus was identified as the flying fox species from the genus Pteropus[1,2,3] that resides and migrates through Northeastern Australia[8] or more specifically, the East coast of Australia to Melbourne and west across Northern Australia to Darwin[7].
... States are minimal for people affected with disease by this invasive species, steps should still be taken to avoid an outbreak. They should be controlled to some extent. Because West Nile has taken such a toll on humans and birds, precautions should be taken to avoid being infected with this disease. Controlling the Asian Tiger Mosquito may help minimize the spread of diseases throughout the United States. Because this species of mosquito thrives in more wet condensed spaces like water cans, tipping and tossing all containers that hold water around the house or garden on a daily basis will help remove the larvae and reduce the population. Other common practices that most communities partake in, include cold fogging or spray trucks and effective mosquito traps. These are the best options so far, to help control the Asian Tiger mosquito and other mosquitos as well.
Simian virus 40 (SV40) is a monkey virus that was introduced into the human population by contaminated poliovaccines. The vaccines were produced in SV40 infected monkey cells between 1955 and 1963. The site of latent infection in humans is not known but the presence of SV40 in urine suggests the kidney as a possible site of latency. SV40 is a small DNA virus that is studied extensively because it is able to transform and immortalize multiple cell types (Ozer 2000, Saenz-Robles et al. 2001).
Chester M. Southam, MD, was an American virologist who worked on curing cancer. “Studies had shown that a pathogen called the Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus could eradicate tumors in mice. Because that virus was considered too dangerous for people, Southam searched for something milder, settling on the newly discovered West Nile virus.” He had already spent some time in Africa injecting an assortment of viruses including mumps, dengue, West Nile, and Semliki Forest virus in severely ill cancer patients. The West Nile Virus usually
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common virus in the United States that can infect almost any individual. Cytomegalovirus is also referred to as Herpesvirus-5, which belongs to a branch of Herpesviridae family. Herpesviridae has a spherical shape that contains four significant elements that are important to the viron. The four elements are the core, tegument, capsid and the envelope. Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae and Gammaherpesvirinae are three subfamilies which belong to Herpesviridae. Cytomegalovirus belongs to the Betaherpesvirinae family, which also include Muromegalovirus and Roseolovirus. The Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily includes Simplexvirus, Varicellovirus, Mardivirus and Iltovirus genera. The Gammaherpesvirinae subfamily contains Lymphocryptovirus and Rhadinovirus genera. The diameter size of the virus is based on each specific family; however, the core remains the same throughout the species, which contains single layer of double stranded DNA tightly condensed in the capsid. In the tegument component, there are 30 or more viral proteins that are shapeless that encompass the capsid. Out of the four major components, the tegument has the most poorly defined structure. On the other hand, the capsid is a well-defined structure that is an icosahedron, which is composed of 162 capsomeres, 12 of which are pentons and 150 are hexons (1). Last but not least, the liquid envelope surrounds the tegument with approximately 10 glycoprotein and cellular proteins. Each subfamily under the herpesviriade has its own arrangement between the liquid envelop and the tegument layer.
The norovirus usually does not cause severe symptoms. The gastroenteritis usually is gone in forty – eight hours. The symptoms of the virus are usually mild. A person affected by the virus generally can recover after having mild diarrhea. Those that have compromised immunities could be at risk for severe symptoms if they contract the virus. The virus does kill about 200,000 children under five in developing countries each year. There have been documented cases of waterborne and foodborne norovirus outbreaks. A person can become infected by contact with an infected person, contaminated food, contaminated water, environment, or aerosolized virus. 3 It is common for outbreaks of the nororvirus to occur in hospitals. The norovirus can occur at any time of the year. It is common for outbreaks to occur during winter months. 3
You wouldn’t think the carrier of this disease would come from a little mosquito bite but it does.
West Nile virus (WNV) is a single-stranded flavivirus mostly present in the eastern hemisphere that can affect humans, birds, horses, mosquitoes, and other domestic and wild animals. It has plagued the world since it was first identified in West Nile province of Uganda in 1937 (Sally Murray). Since this time, according to the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control (SCDHEC), the disease has been spotted in “Africa … Europe, the Middle East, West and Central Asia … the United States … Canada,” and now Central America. Despite its discovery in the 1930’s, the western hemisphere went without the disease until 1999; the first documented case of WNV in the United States was in New York (Watson). West Nile Virus presents a near never-ending problem for the United States because of its similarities to other arboviral disease and its ability to transmit quickly.
...t approximately 1%.1, 2, 3, 4 Transmission to humans is either through direct or indirect contact with infected animals or their bodily fluids or infection through the bite of an infected mosquito.1, 2, 3, 4 Rift Valley Fever has been found to have a high capacity for colonization which greatly increases its’ potential emergent risk in Western Nations.2 The virus itself can survive a wide range of bioclimatic environments due to its’ transmission routes.2 The introduction of Rift Valley Fever into regions that were previously unaffected may be due to the potential movement of hosts and vectors through trade or migration.2 The mechanical transport of arthropod vectors is the most probable mechanism of disease dispersal.2 The potential for geographical spread of Rift Valley Fever is the reason why the disease has been identified as a priority emerging disease.2
West Nile Virus has emerged in recent years throughout the temporate zones of Europe and North America. Causing a variety of conditions in its hosts, the most serious manifestation of WN virus infection is fatal encephalitis (inflammation of the brain) in humans and horses, and many birds.
West Nile Virus has been determined to be a flavivirus. Flavivirus has been defined as, "a type of arbovirus that causes a wide range of diseases in humans,including yellow fever, dengue, and West Nile fever. It is spread by ticks or mosquitoes". (flavi...
A 2-year-old girl who attends daycare presents with three days of fussiness and 1 day of refusal to eat. A daycare worker notices a few vesicular lesions on the child’s tongue and fingers of both hands. Which one of the following is NOT a likely culprit of the child’s condition?
Yellow Fever is a viral infection that is caused from the bite of an infected female mosquito, they are mainly found in areas of Africa and South America. There are three main types of the Yellow Fever virus: Sylvatic yellow fever, Intermediate yellow fever, and Urban yellow fever. Sylvatic yellow fever also known as jungle yellow fever is started by mosquitoes breeding in tree holes in areas, such as banana plantations; monkeys become infected when they are bitten by an infected mosquito, it continues to spread as uninfected mosquitoes bite and infected monkeys; then the process comes to humans where they become exposed to the virus when they are bitten by and infected mosquitos. The intermediate cycle are only in Africa and is also called
Yellow fever is also found in other areas besides the ones listed above. It can also be carried throughout South America and all of Africa. Even though it can be carried to these places it is more often than not confined to areas surrounding the equator because mosquitoes have short life spans and yellow fever can be contracted and spread all year long in these tropical regions. In certain places, such as North America, yellow fever has been totally eliminated and the government suggests vaccination for the disease if a citizen is leaving the country.
Marburg virus belongs to the genus Marburgvirus in the family Filoviridae, and causes a grave hemorrhagic fever, known as Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), in twain humans and nonhuman primates. Basic Safety measures for medical personnel and others who are taking care of presumed individuals who may be contaminated with Marburg disease. Marburg Virus, Akin to the more widely known Ebola hemorrhagic fever, MHF is portrayed by systemic viral replication, lowering the body’s normal immune response to invasion by foreign substances and abnormal inflammatory responses. Ebola and Marburg Virus are very similar in many ways Marburg virus was introduced first in the 1960’s. These pathological features of the disease subsidize to a numerous of systemic dysfunctions including