Wait a second!
More handpicked essays just for you.
More handpicked essays just for you.
The criminal justice system in canada
The different eras of policing
The different eras of policing
Don’t take our word for it - see why 10 million students trust us with their essay needs.
Recommended: The criminal justice system in canada
There is a difference between “Policing” and “the police”. Policing is defined as a set of practices that are forms of social regulation and control. We can see policing in many different places in the world such as the state and society, for example, welfare, the police, prisons schools, family, religion, workplaces and more. The police on the other hand are the state apparatus that are one part of the criminal justice system (Allspach, 2017). The police apparatus emerged in modern societies. There has been a shift in the ways in which the state has been governed, this including the transformation from authoritarian to a democratic liberal society. The creation of the "watchman system" evolved in the early 1600's. Specifically speaking, Ontario, grasped English traditions and established …show more content…
Later on in the 1860's provincial police forces were developed such as RCMP. Further down the timeline in the emergence of the police apparatus, there are now different levels, which each have their own hierarchical organizational structure: Federal, Provincial, Municipal, and First Nations. To conclude this introduction, whether federal, provincial, municipal, the responsibility of the state apparatus is to maintain public order and safety, enforce the law and prevent, detect and investigate crime (Whetstone et al., 2017). In the evolution of the police and policing tactics, ways in which policing was conducted in society has changed overtime. There are so many different styles of policing. For example in the past policing, was done by royal authority and armies. Society was policed through the use of violence, threats and even death (Allspach, 2017). There was also communal policing in the past which was done through customary practices and policed by kin, family and a wider community (Allspach, 2017). Current day policing consist of watchman style policing, legalistic style policing and service style policing, service style policing being one used mainly in our society
With reference to the orthodox and revisionist perspectives, assess the statement that ‘the establishment of the Metropolitan Police in 1829 was a rational solution to changes in society and the associated challenges of crime and disorder’. Use a contemporary example to demonstrate how these perspectives can be useful in interpreting modern policing activities.
However, after reading the article the author noted that police are mandated to enforce civilian law and order, investigate crimes, and strictly follow legal procedures even when in pursuit of chronic and dangerous criminals (Kagoro, 2014). Ideally, it has been argued, there should be strict dividing lines between the police and the military; the former for domestic purposes with the latter protecting citizens from external threats (Kagoro, 2014). In his article on the anti-militarization of the police in the United States, Kurt Andrew Schlichter aptly put it that the military is designed, organized, and equipped to execute rapid, violent and efficient obliteration of the “enemy”-whoever the enemy may be ( Kagoro, 2014). However, the law enforcement is usually modeled after the military and in fact there a large number of police officers who are former military personnel. This was a new criticism of police that was unfamiliar to me in the study of criminal justice but, I found it to be a valid point. The idea of changing the focus of policing to be less of a battlefield and more of a community may be a compelling approach to make interaction with citizens less
The following are various styles of policing: the watchman style, the legalistic style, and the service style policing. I don’t think any one of the three styles are more popular than the other. I think that all three styles are enforced and effective in their own way. For example in
& Forst, L.S. (2016). An Introduction to Policing (8th Edition). Boston, MA USA: Cengage Learning. p.243 (245). Retrieved June 6, 2017, from https://www.betheluniversityonline.net
Source: All information taken from Griffith, C and B Whitelaw and R Parent. Canadian Police Work. Toronto: Nelson 1999 p.77-83.
American policing originated from early English law and is profoundly influenced by its history. Early law enforcement in England took on two forms of policing, one of which heavily influenced modern policing and it is known as the watch (Potter, 2013). The watch consisted, at first, of volunteers which had to patrol the streets for any kind of disorder including crime and fire. After men attempted to get out of volunteering by paying others, it became a paid professional position (Walker & Katz, 2012). The three eras of policing in America are shaped by these early ideas and practices of law enforcement. Throughout time, sufficient improvements and advancements have been made from the political era to the professional era and finally the community era which attempts to eliminate corruption, hire qualified officers and create an overall effective law enforcement system.
It is easy for police to get caught up in the idea that it is them against the rest of society (Barkan, 2012). Many citizens in today’s democratic society have a negative or fearful view of our law enforcement. Think back to grade school, who was that one kid in class that everyone was annoyed by or despised? Most people would answer the teacher’s pet or the tattletale. We have grown up from a young age to have a negative view towards those that get us into trouble when we think we can get away with something we know is wrong. In the adult world, the police force can equate to those tattletales.
It is a myth to believe that an officers job is spend fighting dangerous crimes, in reality officers spend more time handing smaller cases. For example, police officers spend a lot of time doing daily tasks such as giving speeding tickets and being mediators in disputes (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Handing out speeding tickers and handling minor disputes are far from fighting crime. Police officers spend more time doing preventive measures (Kappeler & Potter, 2005). Preventive measures involve officers intervening to prevent further altercations. Victor Kappeler and Gary Potter discussed the myth of crime fighting as invalid and misleading notions of an officer’s employment.
Skogan, W., Meares, T. (2004) ‘Lawful Policing’ The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 66 (18)
Crime is a part of society encompases the news and the public. A variety of studies of media content have estimated that as much as 25 percent of the daily news is devoted to crime (Surette 1992) and that crime is the largest major category of stories in the print and electronic media (Chermak 1994, 103). (Lawrence 18). With crime at an all time high, police are constantly having to deal with more and more issues. This can lead to stressed out and fed up officers, which can lead to poor decisions by an officer. The use of force by police is a highly controversial topic as it raises questions about a government’s ability to use force against its citizens (Lawrence 19). Today’s society is caught up on the ideals of civility and equality before the law, making police use of force a touchy
The focus is on the issues of police accountability in modern society, and in particular why their accountability is more important than other professions. This is not surprising considering the amount of power and discretion police officers have, and the level of trust that the public holds with these civil servants. Police officers accountability is the biggest thing in their profession which has been an issue of concern they have to be accountable to the police department who want the officer to be an effective and responsible person, to people in the community who have best expectation from an officer and being accountable to themselves for their acts. An ordinary citizen of a country cannot obtain the powers that police officer’s have.
American law enforcement agencies are based off the English models which began in the early 1800’s. In 1829, the English Parliament passed the Metropolitan Police Act (Walker, 1983). Sir Robert Peel who has been credited as the father of modern policing introduced this act to Parliament (Walker, 1983). This act established the London Metropolitan Police which was the model for American policing. This method of policing incorpor...
The law enforcement profession has evolved and improved over time. However, the basic concept of to protect citizens, answer calls for service, and arrest offenders has withstood centuries of changes. Throughout the evolution, several periods in history have defined policing. The political era was during a period of time shortly after Sir Robert Peel created the Metropolitan Police Department, the first modern police force in England in 1829 (Reiner, 1992).
Community policing differ a lot from traditional policing methods. The main difference is that while traditional policing has been characterized by reactive responses to crime, comm...
When Sir Robert Peel established the London Metropolitan Police, he established a number of principles to follow, one these principles could be considered the start of community policing: “the police are the public and the public are the police” (Bain, 2014). For a plethora of reasons, the police began to lose sight of this relationship as the central organizing concept