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Good intoduction of risk management process for a company
Good intoduction of risk management process for a company
Short note on risk assessment
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Anna Golden
BA 406-01
Waste Management, Inc.
A. Intro Summary.
In 1990, Waste Management, Inc. (WMI) became the largest United States (U.S.) waste management company. Although its reported growth was a result of “aggressive accounting policies” such as failing to report expenses for depreciation, landfill devaluations and write-offs, inflating improper salvage values, capitalizing improper expenses, establishing inflated environmental reserves and failing to establish income tax and other expenses reserves. After Arthur Andersen (AA) failed to report WMI’s misstatements in their audit, this eventually led to an announcement of restatements of WMI’s earnings for 1992-1996. The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged WMI’s defendants with securities fraud, filing false reports, falsification of books and records, and lying to auditors.
B. Statement of the Problem.
1) Why didn’t AA stand up to WMI management?
2) What aspects of their risk management model did the AA partners incorrectly consider?
3) To whom should AA have complained if WMI management was acting improperly?
4) Did the WMI board and audit committee do their jobs?
5) Were the fines levied high enough?
6) Should you use the same “dog” to discover the “bones” in an accounting scandal?
C. Alternative Courses of Action.
1) AA lacked independence and has a conflict of interest.
2) The aspects of the risk management model that the AA partners incorrectly considered are risk identification, qualitative risk analysis, risk response planning, and risk monitoring and control.
3) AA should report WMI’s improper actions to WMI’s audit committee If no action, is taken then AA should report to the SEC.
4) No, the WMI board and audit committee did not do their jobs.
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... help uncover them will not only be more efficient and effective but will ensure that they are all found. I’m pretty sure AA will not want to have another image of not uncovering misstatements the second time around after they have already been publicly criticized for aiding in the manipulation.
E. Recommendations.
My recommendation is that AA should have properly used their risk management model to identify any significant risks concerning the audit. And if any arise, these concerns should be reported and corrections made by the management. If no action occurs, AA must then report to those in charge of governance or the SEC to avoid litigation, incurring huge fines, and failing to act in the public’s best interest. If AA is charged with improper acts, they must do everything they can to redeem themselves even if it means uncovering all their past improper acts.
1. As the person, responsible for labor relations at Barrera Recycling Company, articulate a case to support your contention that there was just cause for the discharge of Erin McNamara.
Overview of the Case: The Securities and Exchange Commission claims Mark D. Begelman misused proprietary information regarding the merger of Bluegreen Corporation with BFC Financial Corporation. Mr. Begelman allegedly learned of the acquisition through a network of professional connections known as the World Presidents’ Organization (Maglich). Members of this organization freely share non-public business information with other members in confidence; however, Mr. Begelman allegedly did not abide by the organization’s mandate of secrecy and leveraged private information into a lucrative security transaction. As stated in the summary of the case by the SEC, “Mark D. Begelman, a member of the World Presidents’ Organization (“WPO”), abused his relationship of trust and confidence and misappropriated material, non-public information he obtained from a fellow WPO member about the pending merger. It was the specific written policy of the WPO that matters of a confidential nature were to be kept confidential (Securities and Exchange Commission). Mr. Begelman maintained a relationship with a fellow WPO member, an insider with BFC Financial, who provided access to non-public information regarding the merger. Mr. Begelman used this information to purchase 25,000 shares of Bluegreen stock prior to the announcement of the acquisition. After the merger was made official and disclosed to the street, Mr. Begelman sold his stake for a net gain of $14,949. He maintained ownership of Bluegreen securities for fifteen days (Gehrke-White).
Lack of proper risk management process: NASA was using a simple risk classification system and the methods used were only qualitative. There was a lack of proper technical and quantitative risk management methods that could have helped them identify the risks and eliminate them.
Throughout the past several years major corporate scandals have rocked the economy and hurt investor confidence. The largest bankruptcies in history have resulted from greedy executives that “cook the books” to gain the numbers they want. These scandals typically involve complex methods for misusing or misdirecting funds, overstating revenues, understating expenses, overstating the value of assets or underreporting of liabilities, sometimes with the cooperation of officials in other corporations (Medura 1-3). In response to the increasing number of scandals the US government amended the Sarbanes Oxley act of 2002 to mitigate these problems. Sarbanes Oxley has extensive regulations that hold the CEO and top executives responsible for the numbers they report but problems still occur. To ensure proper accounting standards have been used Sarbanes Oxley also requires that public companies be audited by accounting firms (Livingstone). The problem is that the accounting firms are also public companies that also have to look after their bottom line while still remaining objective with the corporations they audit. When an accounting firm is hired the company that hired them has the power in the relationship. When the company has the power they can bully the firm into doing what they tell them to do. The accounting firm then loses its objectivity and independence making their job ineffective and not accomplishing their goal of honest accounting (Gerard). Their have been 379 convictions of fraud to date, and 3 to 6 new cases opening per month. The problem has clearly not been solved (Ulinski).
The law requires auditors to report any fraudulent activities discovered during the course of an audit to the SEC. This is when Article I of Section 51 of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct comes into play. The auditor may uncover illegal acts or fraud while auditing the financial statements of a company. In such instances, the auditor must determine his or her responsibilities in making the right judgment and report their discovery or suspicions of the said fraudulent activities. Tyco International is an example of the auditors’ failure to uphold their responsibilities. Tyco’s former CEO Dennis Kozlowski and ex-CFO Mark Swartz sold stocks without investors’ approval and misrepresented the company’s financial position to investors to increase its stock prices (Crawford, 2005). The auditors (PricewaterhouseCoopers) helped cover the executives’ acts by not revealing their findings to the authorities as it is believed they must have known about the fraud taking place. Another example would be the Olympus scandal. The Japanese company, which manufactures cameras and medical equipment, used venture capital funds to cover up their losses (Aubin & Uranaka, 2011). Allegedly, thei...
...ent expense the year it incurred. Due to the reporting error, in 2001 $3.055 billion was misclassified and 4791 million in the first quarter of 2002 (Law Maryland). In order to avoid getting caught, WorldCom was trying to be slick by leaving some line costs as current expense so that the error in classifying would not be easily detectible. This error in classifying expenses cause WorldCom to increase net income and assets. This fraud was found by the companies internal audit, Cynthia cooper, on May 2002. This detection was not good news to Arthur Anderson as they were the outside auditors of WorldCom. Anderson had already been affected by Enron scandal and neglecting to do to their job correctly. But with WorldCom they claimed that the chief financial officer Scott Sullivan did not tell them about the line costs being capitalized and they were unaware of this fact.
Sandberg, J., Solomon, D., & Blumenstein, R. (2002, June 27). Accounting Spot-Check Unearthed A Scandal in WorldCom's Books. Retrieved from The Wall Street Journal: http://online.wsj.com/article/SB102512901721030520.html
This shows how a lack of transparency in reporting of financial statements leads to the destruction of a company. This all happened under the watchful eye of an auditor, Arthur Andersen. After this scandal, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act was changed to keep into account the role of the auditors and how they can help in preventing such
Work with proper authorities to right the wrongs. Admitting to authorities about the internal error found will help secure good faith. Try to take all steps suggested to work with proper authorities and minimize penalties. Legal counsel needs to investigate and secure assistance in all jurisdictions that have been affected by this situation. Progress needs to be tracked and communicated to leadership and audit teams weekly by legal counsel.
Enron was on the of the most successful and innovative companies throughout the 1990s. In October of 2001, Enron admitted that its income had been vastly overstated; and its equity value was actually a couple of billion dollars less than was stated on its income statement (The Fall of Enron, 2016). Enron was forced to declare bankruptcy on December 2, 2001. The primary reasons behind the scandal at Enron was the negligence of Enron’s auditing group Arthur Andersen who helped the company to continually perpetrate the fraud (The Fall of Enron, 2016). The Enron collapse had a huge effect on present accounting regulations and rules.
Background: Waste water treatment plants are essential to communities of all sizes and must work efficiently. Waste water treatment plant primary priority and responsibility is the treatment of incoming sewage water by the removal of biological and chemical wastes so it can be treated and recycled for future use. There are many government agencies and standards set forth to govern and observe the successful treatment of sewage, such as the Department of Environmental Quality, the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System and the Clean Water Act of 1972. Compliance and constant monitoring of the treatment plant’s operations are important as they protect the surrounding community. A spill or backflow of sewage due to a complete system malfunction could potentially be detrimental to the environment and local community.
They should have contacted him to discover exactly where the fraud was occurring. Their audit plan to address the allegations was consistent with E&Y’s standard operating procedure which HealthSouth’s accounting team was proficient at evading. 3. E&Y was very interested in performing highly profitable “pristine audits” for HealthSouth. These “audits” a various other services provided by E&Y could be classified as non-audit related services and stand to violate the independence of the firm.
As the first step, identify potential risks plays a crucial role in the risk management process. The core purpose of identifying risk is to figure out causes of risk and analyze result caused by the risks and its probability . Hence, risk identification can begin with the source of problem, or with the problem itself. The chosen method of identifying risk may depend on culture, industry practice and compliance. The identification
As humanity develops new technology, the magnitude and severity of waste increases. When computers were developed, it widely was believed that the need for paper would be eliminated. On the contrary this was widely proven false and we are now utilizing more paper than ever. Canada is not an exception as the typical Canadian generates an average of three pounds of solid waste each day1. This alone shows what a careless species we have become- using and disposing materials without even considering the damage we are causing. With half a trillion tones of waste around the world, only 25% may be reused for a second or third time and less than 5% can be renewed limitlessly1. These facts are true only in developed countries. Since these traditional waste reduction methods have been proven inefficient, we must endorse new innovative technology to arrive at a solution.
Wastes are the products of our consumptions in our daily life routines such as lunch, work, school and other things we do. Little things such as throwing out a piece of paper, we are producing waste by the seconds. After we consume a product we usually throw out what’s left that can’t be consumed any further. Results in producing waste, substance that are born after it’s been use or consume by us. At the end of each day we throw out a bag full of garbage, all of the materials in that bag (paper towels, cans, leftover foods and many other material’s) all of these are waste. Hospitals produce medical waste such as use needles for treating patients. Corporations produce papers, plastics, tires, steels, cans and many other type of solid waste which contribute to the pollutions that cause health risk and other environmental issues.