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Baroque era characteristics
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Vivaldi Spring Music
What is the Baroque Period?
The Baroque Period is a period of artistic style that lasted from 1600 to 1750 and it was widely used during the nineteenth century. It could be interpreted into drama, tension, exuberance and many other things.
Vivaldi’s life
Vivaldi was born on March 4, 1678, Venice, Italy and he died on July 28, 1741, Vienna, Austria. He was ordained as a priest, although he intended to study music instead. He was a very good composer that wrote hundreds of songs and used lot’s of baroque style in his works. Vivaldi became a highly influential innovator in form and pattern. He was well known for his operas such as Argippo and Bajazet. Vivaldi worked in Venice and he wrote more than 500 concertos during his lifetime.
The Four Seasons
The
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It’s characteristics have changed over time. For example, in the 17th century "sacred works for voices and orchestra were typically called concertos”. After that the concerto slowly changed as the classical period came into act and the piano was invented.
Define the following terms:
Ritornello: A short instrumental refrain or interlude commonly used during a vocal work.
Continuo: An accompanying part that includes a bass line and harmonies, it’s typically played on a keyboard instrument and with other instruments such as a cello or bass violin.
Ripieno: The body of instruments that accompany the concertino during a baroque concerto. music.
Concertante: Denoting a piece of music that contains one or more solo parts that have less prominence in a concerto.
Which instruments does the Baroque concerto mainly use?
The orchestra is the main instrument in a baroque concerto (strings, brass, woodwind and sometimes percussion.
Spring music order
Section 1
Tutti - everyone is playing the Ritornello
This is a departure from the original baroque ensemble, tuning, and trumpet. Instead of a piano, a string ensemble would have accompanied the solo trumpet. The tuning used today is not what Torelli would have envisioned, as our modern tuning would have seemed quite sharp to him. The baroque trumpet originally had no valves and was (and is today) considered very demanding to play. Despite these differences, music played on a modern piccolo trumpet is as exciting to hear today as it was in the
The roots of this form can be traced to the simple binary form of the baroque era. With binary, the two sections are thematically similar with a sameness of texture and theme throughout the movement. The term sonata originally referred to instrumental music, not a particular form of composition. The Baroque sonata can be traced back to an instrumental song of the late Renaissance called canzon da sonar. This leads eventually to the trio sonata, for four instruments despite its name, which consisted of two melody instruments, a chord playing instrument, and a basso continuo. Along with the trio sonata, there was the solo sonata that was written primarily for a melody instrument and a basso continuo. In the late 1600s, the word sonata was associated with sonate da chiesa, for church, and sonate da camera, for chamber.
<td width="50%">Baroque Concerto FormClassical Concerto Form Concerto grosso (use of string orchestra set against a number of solo instruments) is the most popular concerto form of this period. Other forms include The ripieno concerto and the solo concerto.Symphony form develops from baroque concerto forms and becomes the new form. Shorter movements than classical form.Concerto longer than baroque from. Fairly strict structure and prerequisites, e.g. Traditional ritornello form, virtuostic displays etc.More freedom and experimentation with traditional form. First movement has solo passages extending into long sections; alternated between four or five ritornello sections. First movement constructed in a variant of ritornello form with a double exposition. Violin is preferred concerto solo instrument although the harpsichord becomes more and more popular throughout the century.The newly prominent piano tak...
In the Baroque period, the performance venue usually was within churches and courts. These locations were not built to suit instrumental performances, and were more of just a venue to perform more than a designed venue like there is in the 21st century. Starting...
Classicism of the Renaissance has been replenished during the Baroque period. During the Baroque artistic period, the exploration of the fundamental components of human nature and the realm of senses and emotions were very crucial. The Baroque era was a very dynamic time that showed an abundance of radiance and color. Artists of this time are passionate and sensual. Their works were many times considered to have an overpowering emotional effect.
The Four Seasons composed by Vivaldi was one of the earliest examples of program music and was also the most famous of all his concertos. Vivaldi wanted to depict the various seasons in the four concerti in Italian. When you listen to the Four Season, you feel as though he has created a whole another atmosphere with its own feelings. He seems to have used only the four major instruments that are usually present in an orchestra, which are the violin, viola, cello and bass, to depict this atmosphere effortlessly.
The orchestration comprises of a standard set of instruments, including two flutes, two clarinets, two oboes, two bassoons, two trumpets, three trombones, four horns, timpani, bass drum, cymbals and strings. An additional instrument is the tuba (Chung 22). Moreover, it appears that the piano is not the only soloist; rather other instruments such as flutes, clarinets and horns make minor appearances for similar purposes.
(TheRealConcertKing), the polyphonic contrapuntal style is apparent. However, it is accompanied by concerto grosso with use of the technique of terraced dynamics in ritornello form (Whitehouse 76). In Johann Sebastian Bach’s, “Brandenburg Concerto No 4 G major BWV 1049”(Classical Vault 2), the major and minor tonality is obvious, The terraced dynamic are clearly heard when the solo (violin and two flutes) play and when the full orchestra plays (Whitehouse 86). Author Whitehouse writes,” The immediate decrease in sound when the smaller group plays and a return to a full sound when the full orchestra plays” (Whitehouse 87). Bach also used ritornello form in “Brandenburg Concerto No 4 G major BWV 1049” (Classical Vault 2). Bach’s chosen ripieno is, tutti, solo, tutti, solo, tutti, solo (Whitehouse 8...
The Baroque style of music was in prominence from the beginning of the 17th century until the mid-18th century. Some primary features of this style, particularly in the later years, include an emphasis on polyphonic textures and a continuity throughout the entire piece. Most compositions were created for specific events and sometimes written for particular instruments. (Kamien, 2015). The Trumpet Concerto for 2 Trumpets, composed by Antonio Vivaldi, is one example of these late Baroque style compositions and one we can use to analyze: the common elements, the overall effect, and the composer’s possible perspective.
From the Early Renaissance to the High Renaissance, there was a movement from vocal music to a combination of vocal and instrumental music (Brown, 1976). There are seven categories of instrumental music: 1) vocal music played by instruments, 2) settings of pre-existing melodies, 3) variation sets, 4) ricercars, fantasias, and canzonas, 5) preludes, preambles, and toccatas for solo instruments, 6) dance music, and 7) songs composed specifically for lute and solo voice (Brown, 1976). Italy dominated the stage for instrumental music at this time, and it was not until the last decades of the sixteenth century that English instrumental music became popular (Brow...
Baroque era covers the period between 1600 and 1750 beginning with Monte Verdi (birth of opera) and ended with deaths of Bach and Handel. The term baroque music is borrowed from the art history. It follows the Renaissance era (1400-1600). It was initially considered to be a corrupt way of Renaissance by conservatives. The dominant trends in Baroque music correspond to those in Baroque art and literature. Some features of Baroque art included a sense of movement, energy, and tension (whether real or implied). Strong contrasts of light and shadow enhance the effects of paintings and sculptures. Opera is one of the types of music in the Baroque era. It represented melodic freedom. Baroque era was usually referred to as the thorough-bass period. In early Baroque era no tonal direction existed, but experiments in pre-tonal harmony led to the creation of tonality. [1] Baroque genre included instrumental suite, ritornello, Concerto grosso and chant. There were important composers of the Baroque period such as Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, Antonio Vivaldi William Byrd Henry Purcell and George Phillip Telemann. Starting in northern Italy, the hierarchical state -- led by either the urban bourgeoisie or despotic nobles -- replaced the fluid and chaotic feudal system of the middle Ages. [2] For this reason, some historians refer to the Renaissance as the Early Modern Era. Sculptors, building on the techniques of artists such as Giovanni Bernini (1598-1680), found ways to create the illusion of energetic and even violent movement in their works. Painters created larger and more crowded canvases. Virtuosity was used in all the arts. The arts became an important measure of learning and culture. Music moved from the science of number to an expressive art viewed as an equal to rhetoric.
...ic landscapes. The baroque marked the time in which painters considered using subjects other than scenes from the Bible and from classical traditions. The baroque period also was the period in which artists painted portraits, and everyday life scenes. Baroque artist broke away from trying to make the calm balance known to the renaissance artists. Artists from the baroque era were interested in no longer tried in the extreme. They wanted to paint subjects possessing strong emotions; they wanted to capture those emotions and feelings in their work. Instead of just extremes of feeling sometimes, these strong emotions were personal. More often artists tried to portray intense religious emotions. Baroque art attempted to explain how and why their subjects fit as strongly as they did by representing their emotional states as vividly and analytically as possible.
Unlike the concertos of the baroque period, the classic era mainly emphasized the solo concerto. The choice of solo instrument, however, was somewhat broader then in the baroque era. There was more of a trend during the classical period towards keyboard concertos. This style was originated in North Germany, by C.P.E. Bach, and gradually spread to other areas. Mozart took the concerto to its greatest heights. "His incomparable ability to weave the complex strands of the concerto fabric without entangling or obscuring either soloist or orchestra has never been surpassed.
Giuseppe Torelli, baroque violinist and composer, is most known for his contributions to the development of the instrumental concerto. Torelli is also noted as being the most prolific composer of baroque trumpet repertoire, with Concerto for Trumpet in D Major being one of his most renowned works that is still widely performed to this day.
According to Michael Talbot, of Grove Music, as well as the liner notes from the Analekta Classical Music CD, Antonio Vivaldi was born to Giovanni Battista and Camilla Calicchio in Venice in 1678. Giovanni made a profitable living as an accomplished violinist, and became Vivaldi’s main instructor from an early age. The oldest of nine children, Vivaldi led the way in studying music, and became the most musical of his siblings. Vivaldi spent much time learning about and preparing to be ordained to the office of a priest. In 1703, he was ordained a priest, but resigned after just a year due to his acclaimed medical limits (Heller 38-40). For his entire life, Vivaldi struggled with the effects of bronchial asthma and was unable to play wind instruments. Though his asthma was a real issue, there is some question about the actual reason of his resignation. He was often rumored to leave a Mass when inspired with new musical ideas. After serving as a priest, Vivaldi was hired by the Ospedale della Pieta, one of four learning institutions intended for orphaned, abando...