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Mesopotamian and Egyptian art
Summary essay of Mesopotamian art history
Mesopotamia in human heritage
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The works titled; Victory Stele of Naram-Sin, Akkadian, 2250 BC and Stele of Hammurabi, babylonia, 1780 BC are both steles, which are large carved slabs of stone used to commemorate historical events or in same cases mark graves depending on the culture. Both works have many stylistic characteristics which were typical of mesopotamian art. They both utilized techniques such as the combined pose as well as hierarchy of scale. They both also rebuke certain classic mesopotamian stylistic choices. The Victory stele of Naram-Sin, for example, has one of the first landscapes in the history of art, and both share a lack of registers. Registers are a storytelling format using lines to separate different parts of a relief, painting etc. The victory stele of Naram-Sin was made to commemorate his defeat of the Lullubi, which were a people from the mountains of Iran to the east. It depicts a relief of Naram-Sin leading his well organized army to the top of a mountain, the defeated army is in disarray at there feet. Naram-Sin stands along above his men who are staggered on the front of the mountain (which is what the artist did instead of using registers.) Three stars shine above him as he steps on two dead enemy soldiers.The Stele of Hammurabi however, was not made to commemorate a victorious battle but instead was made to commemorate Hammurabi's now …show more content…
He has no godly attributes and the sun god is larger which shows the difference in class between the two clearly showing that Hammurabi is not a god. Hammurabi also has his hand raised in respect and is being offered a rod and ring which is a symbol of authority. So unlike Naram-Sin who was saying he was close enough to a god that he can just claim the authority of akkadia himself, Hammurabi has the sun god is passing the authority to rule to hammurabi to show that his rules was allowed and blessed by the gods which allows him to claim
This work of art is subtractive because it involves skimming or subtracting from the material’s original mass or volume (Sayre, 295). Carving is a process where materials were being chiseled, cut into or hammered to achieve the desired form/s (Sayre, 299). The most common material carvers used to produce sculptures are wood or stone (Sayre, 299). In this art work, the artist used a material, in this case alabaster, and carved the material into shape using sharp tools, such as chisel or gouger. The carving for “Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions” is low relief, meaning its depths are shallow and the forms are not as elevated from the base as in high relief carving. Additionally, this sculpture is a type of frontal art which was meant to only be viewed from the front and not from the back (Sayre, 295). This type of art form is often used to embellish architectural structures such as residences, buildings and even palaces (Sayre, 295). In fact, this specific piece is found as a decoration in Assurnapiral II’s palace complex as one of the many relief arts found in his residence. This specific relief art depicted the powerful leadership of Assurnapiral II, the country’s strong military units, and the thriving capital of Kalhu which was established after the fall of Babylon in 1595 B.C. (Sayre,
The Victory stele of Naram-Sin holds similar features, however there are some distinct characteristics that set the two apart. The stele is obviously a different material than the Egyptian palette of King Narmer. The palette was made of soft siltstone while the stele was made of pink limestone. They both have similar shapes; however, the palette is much more polished than the stele.
A piece of art can leave distinct impressions with the viewer. The Assyrian Winged Protective Deity provides a plethora of stimulants for the eye. The relief emulates brute strength and power through the overall stature of the figure. The cuneiform writing above the relief greatly influenced the impression a viewer can receive through its narration about the figure. Other than Gilgamesh and the Assyrian Winged Protective Deity both being from Mesopotamia, they have numerous similarities.
... captured Palestro's flag was cut into small pieces after the battle and those pieces were given to several persons. One of the pieces was in the Pula Navy Museum until 1918, when Italians looted it. It is said that the relatives of Nikola Karkovic still have a piece of that flag. The tradition of the battle of lissa existed for a long time on Croatian coast in the stories of sailors and in many folk-songs. Lissa [aka Vis] was known as the head-quarters of British Adriatic cruisers in the old French War. Lissa is an island, or rather a mass of hill and mountain, eleven miles long from east to west, and six broad from north to south, rising in some of its peaks to a height of nearly 2,000 feet. Its principal productions, according to the gazetteer, were wine, oil, almonds, and figs; bees, sheep, and goats were reared in great numbers by its inhabitants; -
The Palace Wall carving depicts an image of the ancient Assyrian warriors of Sennacherib’s army invading Lachish an ancient Judean city in 701 BCE. The carving was made to show the military records of the ancient western world. It was made a year after the war was happening and it shows some soldiers shooting bows at a castle-like structure. There are some documents that describe the attacks on Lachish and come from the Sennacherib Prism, a document written in cuneiform in 701 BCE. It describes how Sennacherib’s army attacked the Judean city and what they did with the citizens of the city. Another document that describes the accounts of the war is the Book of Kings in the Hebrew Bible. This document was written by many different people and in different times ranging from 680 BCE to 500 BCE, a while after the war. Both documents describe some details, some true some not, of the invasion. They share the same Ancient Assyrian invasion of Lachish but they go about describing it in different ways.
The Mesopotamians and Egyptians are among the first civilizations to make a valuable contribution to Western Civilization. Both Babylonians and Egyptians managed to produce written systems of communicating ideas. The Babylonians created wedge-shaped cuneiform, and the Egyptians made pictographic hieroglyphics. This invention even allowed for Hammurabi’s Code of law to be written and preserved through the ages. The Phoenicians took this concept another step forward and fashioned the alphabet. The ability to record history is an exceptional achievement. Another development of the Ancient Near East was architecture. The Egyptian pyramids, and the Babylonian ziggurats stand as testimony to their society’s technological and architectural achievements. The Assyrians left a lasting impact on civilization with the advent of the idea of conquest which they took to ruthlessly brutal ends. Later the Persians would add a degree of tolerance into the conquest equation. The concept of conquest would leave an indelible mark on the West, for better or worse. These developments still play a role in contemporary society.
...18th dynasty, the papyrus bundle columns were carved in high relief along the shafts. They were constructed to have a strongly defined narrowing at the base of the capital and the foot of the column. These features gave the column a lighter silhouette and a clear sharpened line. The Amarnian period that followed contained very similar columns with minor differences of less deep stalks, and heavier proportions with more decorations.
Comparing the Statue of the Royal Scribe Yuni and the Statue of St. John of Patmos
For my final project I chose to compare two works of art from ancient Mesopotamia. A visual work of art and a literary one. The visual work of art I chose was the Statuettes of Worshipers which were created around 2900 to 2350 BCE at the Square Temple at Eshnunna, a city in ancient Mesopotamia. The literary artwork I have chosen is the Epic of Gilgamesh written roughly around 2800 BCE by author or authors unknown. It was set in Uruk, another city in ancient Mesopotamia. Both of these works of art share a common theme; the theme of immortality. It is my hopes that within this paper I can accurately show how each of these works of art express this theme, and how it relates to modern society.
Even though the Battle of the wilderness was a pointless battle and was found inclusive, 3,700 casualties still lost their lives. The battle was apart of the Union’s (Yankees) history of winning the the war against the Confederates, that at first looked like it was no ones game.
...was created with an innovative production method for bronze sculptures. (Lee, p. 57) The advancements in technology could explain the massive differences in size, as well as the level of intricacy in regards to the motifs on both sculptures.
...des us with a glimpse into the ancient culture using beautiful and detailed designs. The art form has been sustained in fired clay for thousands of years indiscriminately telling its story to the world and to history.
The end of the Geometric period resulted in the beginning of the Orientalizing Period, dated between 700-600 BC. Within this time frame, Greek introduced a new innovation, the Peripteral Temple. For many years prior, a row of colonnade was used on the interior primarily to hold up the roof of the building. In contrast, columns are seen being used on the outside, creating a visual wall around the building exposing parts of the interior. With in the temple existed the megaron style, carried forward from Bronze Age homes. It was also in eastern influenced period, the first real stone temples, and terra cotta roof tiles came to exist to hold the weight on these new stone temples. The population grew drastically, introducing new techniques and styles, which blended to form designs with balance and symmetry. It was during this period, two major Greek designs were developed, the Ionic and Doric order. (Pedley, 2012: pg. 180) The Doric order, being the first and most simple, consisted of baseless columns placed closely together as the Greeks did not know how much weight the shortened columns could hold. Reason behind this was the lack of length in the columns were believed to hold less weight and therefore forced into being placed closer together. This closely set arrangement created a very bold statement in the Doric temple. The Capital, which sat on top of the concaved shaped shaft, was left plain but when grouped alongside others, suggested a bold harmony. In contrast, the Ionic order was less bulky and more delicate than the Doric order. The top of the capital is decorated with two scrolls, also known as volutes, which could have resembled a shell or animal horns. Above the capital, held room for a surrounding frieze depictin...
Sculptures were one of the most important things in the Egyptian world. They were important because they had a very important function in the tombs as substitute for the mummification. These were made out of wood, clay, and other different materials, but the majority of the statues were made of stone. Some examples that are in the textbook of the sculptures are Khafe, and the seated scribe. Khafe was an enthroned divine ruler with a perfect body. The pose he is making is of complete stillness which showed off the body, this sculpture was made out of the stone called diorite which is a dark stone, it was hard to get as they had brought it 400 miles from the Nile River. The Seated Scribe was characterized as the portrait of the Egyptian god-kings didn’t extend to the portrayal of non-elite individuals. He had signs that he was aging which is a sign that is inappropriate for an Egyptian to age they should stay nice and young looking like Khafre did but the seated scribe was different then him. He seemed to be more relaxed and not worried about what he looked like but how he lived his life. The painting I thought was the most interesting was Goats treading seed and cattle fording a canal because it was showing how they used the Nile River for the passage to the afterlife and how they were combined with stereotypical poses for the human and aminals with unconventional postures and such detail to the