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Decision making economics
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Introduction
This review will critique Claire Callender and David Wilkinson (2008) journal article it will unpicks ‘students’ perceptions’, of bursaries and what, if any, are the implications, which may underpin ‘decisions’ and ‘choices’ when deciding to attend university. Subsequently, the article looks at the effects of the National Scholarship Program (2012), whilst evaluating its effectiveness for undergraduates. As well, exploring government ‘reforms’ plus what effects these may have on student involvement in the higher education route, Callender et al (2008), furthermore, looking into how these changes influence student knowledge and understanding of the funding streams available to them. This report will compare and contrast
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Undergraduates selection were based on them applying through the ‘Student Financial Company’ for the first time, as well as attending an English Higher Education Institution (HEI), also in receipt of maintenance grant as, participants were placed into two different clusters, those whose ‘household incomes was under £25,000, the remainder over £25,001 not above 60,005,’ Callender, C. and Wilkinson, D. (2013). The scope of data included in the article discusses research by Johnson et al (2009), Davis et al (2008) Colvor (2010) conducted around a similar time period, despite this fact that, Callender et al (2008) suggested this research was inadequate which prompted their research. Callender et al (2008) research proved more substantial, stressing the depth and ranges of previous studies did not probe beyond student attitudes of bursaries, nor did they emphasis the effects on students economic status. Callender et al (2008) employs large element of quantitative data to evidence much of the information produced in the
Rotherham introduces a Pew Research Center survey stating 86 percent of college graduates felt as if college was a good investment for them (Rotherham). This is important
Owen and Sawhill maintain that college can positively affect one’s life by “affecting things like job satisfaction, health, marriage, parenting, trust, and social interaction. Additionally, there are social benefits to education, such as reduced crime rates and higher political participation” (Owen and Sawhill 640). By expressing this, Owen and Sawhill are trying to bring to mind the idea that by going to college, you will be an all around better citizen, which definitely plays with emotions because who doesn’t want to be a good citizen. Furthermore, Owen and Sawhill remark on the college decision process. Here, thier general claim is that when choosing a college, it is better to choose a college that will benefit you financially, not just the one you
Bruni begins by describing the golden promise of college as it appeared for baby boomers. In that time getting into college and completing a degree was enough to be successful. He acknowledges that this idealized vision of college may be inaccurate, however, he asserts that the issue is far more “complicated” than it once was. Bruni makes use of a recent (2012) debate over student loan interest rates in the U.S. to explore the issues surrounding college education today. While rising student debt is certainly part of the problem he suggests that the issue extends beyond that. College is now a “luxury item with newly uncertain returns” (Bruni). While rising costs make college a luxury item that not everyone will be able to afford, even those who can and do manage to go to college are not guaranteed success.
The article, The Value of Higher Education Made Literal by scholar Stanley Fish focuses on sharing his opinion of higher education and what it has become in recent years. Mr. Fish’s argument is essentially over the “logic of privatization” where students are pictured as “investors” or “consumers” in courses of study that maximize successful employment outcomes. He also believes arts, humanities, and social sciences are overlooked while study courses in science, technology, and clinical medicine are prioritized. Fish also strongly believes the value of higher education has changed due to the desires of students over time, desires of becoming extremely financially secure enough to buy more than needed to justify years of money and hard work applied when in school.
First Generation students, being the pioneers to join the university from their families deprives them the services of a role model. Their parents have no information about life in the university and, therefore, cannot offer guidance to their children in preparing for college or what to expect (Jehangir, 2010). The students also come from families of low economic status and survive college through hardships (Prospero, 2007). They lack sufficient funds for upkeep and cannot live the flashy lifestyles their counterparts maintain.
As The “Progress of Education Reform” suggests, tuition discounting is major contributor to the rising cost of college in the sense that while it provides a tuition discount to the one particular student receiving the grant or scholarship it places a heavier burden on the majority demographic that attends the university without such discounting. (The Progress of Education Reform” 1). In contrast to popular opinion, scholarships and grants which are normally regarded as blessings are ironically a contributing factor to rising tuition prices. Basically, the universities have to make up for the money they lost by awarding the scholarships so the majority of the student population who did not qualify feel it in their pocketbooks. A final cause of this ludicrous tuition spike is the shift in university budgets to cater to the administration departments of the schools. Jobs in this department are non-teaching jobs that provide student services ranging from student safety to counseling and wellness programs. These jobs are definitely
Is college a beautiful illusion of that if we go then all our problems in life won’t be so hard or is it actually is a place people go to shape and mold themselves into better people. Andrew Hacker and Claudia Dreifus, in their essay, Are Colleges Worth the price of Admission? Says that whether or not you go to a public or private institution, the cost of attending college has doubled, compared to when our parents and every other generation before us went to college. They went on and made a few good point by saying how schools should engage the students more, also how they should replace tenure with multiyear contracts, but their arguments about postgraduate training and spreading donations around is where they might had begun to lose their audience.
In “College Is a Waste of Time and Money,” Caroline Bird, a college lecturer makes very good and valid points that college is wasting time and money. She describes how society has pushed students into getting higher education right out of high school. Leaving us with the question, are students getting a higher degree of education to better their future or to keep them busy and paying an institution.
There is no escaping the fact that the cost of college tuition continues to rise in the United States each year. To make it worse, having a college degree is no longer an option, but a requirement in today’s society. According to data gathered by the College Board, total costs at public four-year institutions rose more rapidly between 2003-04 and 2013-14 than they did during either of the two preceding decades (Collegeboard.com). Students are pressured to continue into higher education, but yet, the increasing costs of books and tuition make us think twice. Sometimes, some of these students have to leave with their education partially finished, leaving them with crushing debts.
The article’’ The Reason College Cost More Than You Think’’ by Jon Marcus, informs students that there are a lot of financial responsibilities to come from being a college student.
Bartlett and Burton (2012) suggest higher education was first designed for an elitist society however, the Labour government challenged this perspective as it believed in a socially democratic society where there were opportunities for all. However Clark (2006) suggests that providing individuals with the same opportunities allows disadvantaged students to suffer the results of inequalities. Although when ‘The Dearing Report (1997)’ was introduced it opened the doors for under-represented groups to access this field within education. Due to many under-represented groups now being able to access higher education it has led to an increase in widening participations, thus to make higher education more socially just. Stephens (1990) stated however as students had to fund their own living as well as making £1,000 contribution towards fees it was feared that it would potentially deter people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds from applying to higher education. By placing the cost onto the consumer, universities were now entering the market (neo-liberalism). Ward (2009) argued that it won’t be long before students have to bear more or eventually all the costs of higher education.
Education is an essential tool required to succeed in today’s modern society. As time has progressed, there has been a higher and higher emphasis placed on tertiary education. In order to achieve a tertiary education, however an individual must have financial support as tertiary education is continuing to become more privatised and expensive than ever. It is therefore due to this lack of financial support many students are finding they must work part-time in order to support their studies. With the rapid growth in the service sector, there has been an abundance of low-wage, monotonous, routinized jobs available for students to pursue. The appeal of
College can be a very stressful time in a student’s life. Researchers conducted three studies regarding the relationship between financial literacy and the completion of a degree, and if students have a harder time adapting to university than continuing -generation female students based on their current involvement with their own parents. They also measured the total amount of stress a student might have about attending university. This literature review will provide first generation male and female college students reasoning’s why they should not be hindered in graduating with a college degree compared to continuing-generation students; following with a correct support system, stress
During Bob Berman’s lecture, we discussed how perception is everything. Perception is how we see the world through our eyes. Colors cross each other to make certain colors, and our universe’s prime colors are red, green, and blue. The sky is blue because of the red, green, blue primary colors and when scattered naturally how they appear, it “robs” from incoming sunlight. The blue light got “robbed” from the sunlight making the sun look yellow, and having too much red and green. From outer space, astronauts have stated the sun is actually white as snow. The sun is actually a white star. To understand these color clashes even further, Bob Berman brought a green and red flashlight and pointed them at each other on a white wall. The colors then
Perception is a manner of selecting, organizing, and interpreting people, objects, events, situations, and or activities. The movie “Inside Out” is a perfect example of how perception affects our communication; it shows exactly how the process of selection, organization, and interpretation correlated to each other.