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Abstract on infant mortality
Abstract on infant mortality
Abstract on infant mortality
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Understanding Infanticide in Context Michelle Oberman’s article, Understanding Infanticide in Context: Mothers Who Kill, 1870 – 1930 and Today, focuses on the social facts in America in regards to the mother figure. Breaking down this concept, Oberman provides the readers with two labels, infanticide and neonaticide. Both fall under the umbrella definition of, killing one’s own child/children. What separates this two labels is that neomaticide is, “.babies who were killed within the first twenty-four hours of life”(Oberman). Infanticide is a more general term that encompasses the, “death of infants any time after the first twenty-four hours” (Oberman). This is an important marker, especially when breaking down the reasoning behind why mother kill their children and how society plays a role. The Author takes a deep stab into neonaticide, and what happens within the first twenty-four hour that causes the death. What she found was a pattern in research that set these deaths apart, from any other cases that dealing with infanticide. This included, “relatively young and overwhelming …show more content…
A young woman claims that the death of her newborn was not an act of infanticide. Her lawyer makes a solid argument towards her being mentally unfit. Although the women did not have a clinical diagnosis, she clearly suffered from environmental factors that put her in this situation. From the other side of his case the author gives us underlying evidence that she does suffer, mostly form denial. In this article, we have the findings and opinions of Michelle Oberman, a women well-known for her research in infanticide. And Phillip Resnick, the man who coined the word, neonaticide and formed a five-point structure for why parents kill. These are his fives
Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood by Kristen Luker, analyzes the historical and complex sociology of abortion. Luker focuses on three important factors: a historical overview of abortion, the pro-life and pro-choice views, and the direction the abortion debates are going (11, Luker, Abortion and the Politics of Motherhood p. 000). Abortion has always been seen as murder and with the idea that those who are already living have more rights. Back in the days, the laws didn’t give fetus personhood. Also, the laws against abortions weren’t strictly enforced upon anyone. In addition, abortion didn’t seem to be a huge problem, which explains why abortion was ignored in the past.
The Queen vs. Davis case concerns the murder trial of Arthur Paul Davis and Alice Davis that occurred in 1875. In it, they were tried and convicted of murder for conducting an abortion; the killing of a fetus and subsequently causing death of the victims, Catherine Laing and Jane Vaughn Gilmour. This essay will examine the historical context of the case, what the trial reveals about the nature of women’s lives in Toronto during the 1870s as subordinate women who are deemed as caretakers and how women managed to end unwanted pregnancies. During the late 19th century ending an unwanted pregnancy was an illegal offence because it was considered unethical to kill a fetus. Women were not able to access safer alternatives such as contraception, as it was an offence to sell or advertise them at that time. Women did not claim they wanted an abortion directly, but rather that they wanted to be fixed of their problem. They did not feel guilty as they thought it was acceptable to induce abortion before the 3rd month of pregnancy or quickening of it, which under the English common law, it was not wrongful to procure an abortion prior to the feeling any movement of the fetus. Doing an Abortion was a private matter but nonetheless a criminal offence. Beginning in the early 19th century, laws were passed to support the prohibition of abortions; these then continued on to the revision and creation of the 1892 criminal code for abortion.
Marquis believes abortion to be extremely immoral. However he mentions that there are exceptions in rare but certain circumstances where abortion is acceptable. We can infer that these instances would include situations that would put the mother or child at serious risk by keeping the fetus. He is frustrated that this idea has received minimal support recently. As a result he wants to influence change in society in hopes of receiving the support and publicity this topic deserves. Marquis’ primary argument stems from the idea of killing in general. He explains it is immoral to kill an adult because it prematurely deprives the human of something they may have valued at the time they were killed, as well as something they may had valued in the future. Although the victim may not realize it at the time of their death, they certainly had a valuable future ahead of them to experience which has been cut short. We are the only ones who can decide what is valuable to them; in this case we value some things more than others, and this concept differs from person to person. For example, in the present I value the life I am given and the opportunity I have to earn my degree at Villanova University while also valuing my future as well knowing that I have a chance to be successful in the future. Although I have not succeeded yet, I still value that opportunity I have and the life I’m capable of achieving through earning a degree. Therefore, he connects this same theory to the life of a fetus. By killing the fetus the result is the same, we are depriving it of its futur...
The mother-son case illustrates that there are more factors in play than just the two that Thomson presents in her thesis. Thomson’s conditions by themselves cannot explain every situation. The relationship between the people involved can also affect whether a decision is morally permissible or not. If that relationship entails that one person is emotionally bound and ethically responsible for the security and well-being of the other, the first cannot knowingly contribute to the death of the second. Thomson’s thesis must be modified to include this condition as well.
In this paper I will be arguing in favor of Judith Jarvis Thomson view point on abortion. I am defending the use abortion and only in the first trimester. I will consider Don Marquis objections of the practice but ultimately side with Thomson.
...e open to all women at any point of pregnancy, and that the woman reserves the right as a fully conscious member of the moral community to choose to carry the child or not. She argues that fetuses are not persons or members of the moral community because they don’t fulfill the five qualities of personhood she has fashioned. Warren’s arguments are valid, mostly sound, and cover just about all aspects of the overall topic. However much she was inconsistent on the topic of infanticide, her overall writing was well done and consistent. Warren rejects emotional appeal in a very Vulcan like manner; devout to reason and logic and in doing so has created a well-written paper based solely on this rational mindset.
By critically examining Thomson’s (1971) three analogies; the Violinist, the Henry Fonda analogy and the People Seeds analogy, all three analogies fail to show that it is not unjust to deny the foetus the right to the mother’s body. Therefore, the foetus has a right to not be killed unjustly and have the use of the mother’s womb.
Abortion in context: What was the fate of an unwanted or orphaned child in the nineteenth century?
There are two important factors in the 19th centuries that are underlying the increased practice of abortion. The first is the common law notion of quickening. Most women in America at this time did not consider a pre-quickened fetus a “distinct human being with a separate existence of its own.” Quicken means a fetus show signs of life. The second was the legal status of abortion in the U.S. It was never ...
Abortion has long been a controversial debate affecting most societies, religion, and especially women. Anti-abortionists and pro-abortionists both propose many arguments against and for abortion. However, the most prominent argument comes from anti-abortionists who believe that “a fetus is a human being, and therefore abortion is murder.” However I agree with both Mary Anne Warren and Judith Jarvis Thompson in that women should have the choice of whether they wish to keep the baby or not. Although the traditional anti-abortion argument is strong, the arguments that both Thompson and Warren provide in their texts have convinced me that abortion is not murder.
Every day, 370,000 babies are born into this world- each having the potential to live a prosperous and productive life. Unfortunately, some of these tiny, fragile humans do not live until their first birthday. The death of infants within the first year of life is known as infant mortality. There are many contributing factors as to why infant mortality may be high or low in a specific area. In order to measure the amount of deaths that occur in a particular region, the number of newborns that die before the age of one year old per 1,000 live births are recorded and is known as the infant mortality rate in that society. Generally, the infant mortality rate of a country directly reflects on the health-care system provided. Unfortunately, in today’s world, a child dies every four seconds.
The birth of a child is usually a wonderful and priceless occasion. However, on June 5, 2015, an eleven-year-old girl gave birth to a newborn girl. Approximately a year before she gave birth, her 40-year-old father repeatedly sexually assaulted her. In this case, the unprepared eleven-year-old child decided to have the baby. This is a prime example that illustrates that the right to abortion should always be vested in the woman. Abortion, which has been debated for centuries and will continue to be fought upon for centuries to come, is a hot issue among social, political, and religious entities. This research paper will inform the reader about abortion using scholarly journals to define abortion, specifically when a fetus becomes a human being,
There has been a continuing debate about whether life begins in the womb or at birth. But it should be obvious to all people that life begins at the moment of conception. Dr. Alfred M. Bongioanni, a professor of pediatrics and obstetrics at the University of Pennsylvania, testifies against a U.S. Senate committee, “I am no more prepared to say that these early stages [of development in the womb] represent an incomplete human being than I would be to say that the child prior to the dramatic effects of puberty…is not a human being. This is human life at every stage,” (NAAPC). If, from the moment of conception and on, are the stages of a human life, then at every stage is a human being. Our laws protect us, stating that it is forbidden to kill another human being. But then why are Pro-Abortionists slowly, but surely influencing how we view a human life? “Our laws should protect the unborn just as they protect the born,” (Lyons). Abortion is murder and shouldn’t be thought as ...
Parricide is defined as the murder of a parent where the child is the perpetrator. It can be extended to other close relatives, such as an uncle or grandparent, and broken into even smaller categories of matricide and patricide. Family is important all around the world, so killing a parent is seen as social taboo for most cultures. In the modern era, few things are agreed upon by different people, much less nations and countries. The consensus that parricide is massively disturbing has quickly rocketed it to many various researcher’s attention and fascinated communities across the globe. Punishment has been disputed between taking responsibility for one’s actions and being lenient, assuming it was a case where
Through the use of sex-selective abortions, child abandonment, and the intentional killing of female infants, female infanticide as accounted millions of missing girls from the world’s population. Female infanticide is the consequence of a strongly implanted, preconceived, idea that women are a financial burden on individual families as well as society as a whole. The large amount of missing women from India and China’s population as lead to a plethora of further social issues, such as human trafficking, higher crime rates, the lack of economic and social growth, and the over population of orphanages. In today's modern world the thought of a child being killed for a reason in which is out of their control, seems outrageous, but the stunning truth is that “It’s a girl” has become the three most deadly worlds in the world.