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Uncertainty reduction theory literature review
Uncertainty reduction theory literature review
Uncertainty reduction theory literature review
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The the concept of Uncertainty Reduction Theory (URT) is very simple to understand, when stranger first meet; the main goal is to reduce the uncertainty between them, during the encounter. Basically it comes down to how we address the basic process of how we get to know other people. According to communications professors Charles Berger and Richard J. Calabrese’s “Reducing uncertainty is particularly important in relationship development, so it is typical to find more uncertainty reduction behavior among people when they expect or want to develop a relationship than among people who expect or know they will not develop a relationship” (Berger, Calabrese, 1975). URT, applies under certain assumptions about interpersonal communications, like the idea that people experience uncertainty during new interpersonal encounters or that when people first meet their main concern they try to reduce this uncertainty and increase the level of predictability (Wikibooks, 2013). URT can be divided into three stages, the entry stage, the second stage and the final stage. Several axioms link relationship development and uncertainty. Two such axioms would be that there is an inverse relation between intimacy and uncertainty and there is a positive relation between reciprocity and uncertainty, each feeds upon the other in the communication process. Another important axiom is one that is self-expletory, the idea that people who have are more likely to be able to reduce uncertainty then people have a lot of differences do (Wikibooks, 2013).
Developed in 1975 by Berger and Calabrese, various clinical and institutional studies on URT have been conducted for business, academic and governmental purposes. One such study is a recent one that tested a model...
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...interesting yet unclear, the researcher’s focus purely on a communication style of analysis, which left out the physiological aspect in the study. The ultimate results made clear that the types of betrayal did have a big part in whether URT can be reestablished and the survival of the relationship.
Works Cited
Antheunis, Marjolijn L., Patti M. Valkenburg, and Jochen Peter. "Getting Acquainted through Social Network Sites: Testing a Model of Online Uncertainty Reduction and Social Attraction." Computers in Human Behavior (2009): n. pag. Print.
"Communication Theory/Uncertainty Reduction." - Wikibooks, Open Books for an Open World. N.p., n.d. Mon. 01 Dec. 2013.
Levine, T. R., Sang-Yeon, K., & Ferrara, M. (2010). Social Exchange, Uncertainty, and Communication Content as Factors Impacting the Relational Outcomes of Betrayal. Human Communication, 13(4), 303-318.
People can be betrayed in a variety of ways for different reasons, by anyone in their lives. A close family member or a best friend could betray one. They may go behind one’s back in order for more personal gain, but sometimes they commit betrayal in the interest of one’s benefit. A not so close friend could betray one’s trust by telling a secret or situation that was told or seen in confidence that was broken for a juicy story or just slipped unnoticed. Some people betray their friends or enemies in order to make them look bad; such as spreading a rumor about said person.
This standard looks at whether or not the theory opens up a new perspective that is uniquely human. When trying to understand the laws that govern relationships, Baxter and Montgomery looked at many relationships and found that there were contradictions, different expectations, and several other misconceptions. This led the...
...me again. The deserted or betrayed party will always look upon their spouse differently, thinking and fearing that they will be betrayed again, or left, with no warning. Hurt and pain will be a constant companion, and they will find themselves always questioning their partner’s motives and actions. Perhaps trust is damaged or even destroyed.
In the book, The Betrayal Bond: Breaking Free of Exploitive Relationships, author Patrick Carnes presents an in- depth study of relationships that are exploitative and can create trauma bonds. Dr. Carnes explores why these relationships form, who is more susceptible, and how bonds become so powerful. In the text he explains how to identify that traumatic bonding is occurring and he provides ways to examine these relationships. Dr. Carnes then provides specific steps to disentangle from these relationships.
Betrayal has been a problem for mankind for as long as mankind has existed, but what exactly is betrayal? Many authors, psychologists, and philosophers alike have tried to answer that very question with no success. Certain types of betrayal can be beneficial, but more often than not betrayal causes an unfortunate series of events to follow it. One of the greatest examples of this comes from Greek Mythology and the story of Jason and Medea. Jason and Medea lived together as a married couple and had children together, Jason then betrayed Medea by throwing her aside and claiming they were never married. As revenge Medea then killed their children and fled. There are several different types of betrayal. There is betrayal of/by society or the exectutives of the country, betrayal of/by those close to you, and betrayal of/by yourself.
Reis, Harry T., and Susan Sprecher. Encyclopedia of Human Relationships. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications, 2009. Print.
Karen Horney “Distrust between sexes” proceeds go into the different aspects of Love and Relationships. In this book Horney gives examples on how women deal with emotions which transitions from childhood to adult life. The fundamentals of documentation are displayed in unavoidable ways in most occurrences people run into. People are blind to the fact that love in relationships can be destroyed by overt or covert? In some cases lack of sympathy is then blamed, when relationships don’t work out between two individuals. Some couples fall into social, economic defaults which impacts the relationships. These are issues people never stop to think about, all they want to do is shift the blame to one another in a relationship. Self-preservation is a basic instinct for everyone and is present at birth. This can enhance the natural fear of losing ourselves in a relationship (Horney 1930). In Horney discussions I found that a person only feels despair because of the deep emotions of abundant from “Love” during childhood. That can develop more mixed emotions that turn into mistrust, which causes delusions that tell them they are not getting love from their partner (Horney 1930). With these types of feelings mistrust sips into relationships, starting from a child carries over into adult life. Reasons are when a child comes into the world learns everything it needs to know from its parent. If the child’s emotional needs are not taken care of when the family increases, the child will feel a need to compete for affection from the parents, which could turn into a painful situation. With this being said the child grows into an adult with suppressed aggression. If he/she has not learned how to deal with...
Analysis of the Uncertainty Reduction Theory on Interpersonal Communication. Through this paper, I will conduct an analysis of the uncertainty reduction theory and will then apply it to my own experience here at Colorado University. This theory has been subject to many articles and studies in the communication and social departments. Indeed, studying this theory can help us understand human relations in interpersonal communication.
The possibility for our individuality to be understood and accepted in a social environment’s culture is low depending on how we manage the effects of uncertainty reduction theory and relational uncertainty. Uncertain reduction theory is described as “a lack of confidence about how an interpersonal interaction will proceed because of the challenge to describe, to explain, and to predict behaviour by gaining
Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Bar-On, N., & Ein-Dor, T. (2010). The pushes and pulls of close relationships: Attachment insecurities and relational ambivalence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 98(3), 450-468. doi:10.1037/a0017366
Scharlott, B.W. and Christ, W.G. (1995). Overcoming relationship-initiation barriers: The impact of a computer-dating system on sex role, shyness, and appearance inhibitions. Computer in Human Behavior, 11, 191-204.
With technology advances steadily in today’s society, individuals steadily advance too. One of these aspects includes dating. Individuals in today’s society hope to find companionship through online dating websites so that someday some online daters might be able to find a companion. With websites like eHarmony, Match, Christian Mingle, OkCupid, Black People Meet, and JDate, finding the one seems to be easier and more convenient than ever. Most of these websites even display statistics showing that one out of five relationships start online. The questions that should be asked, is this a better and safer option than looking for the one in person? Individuals tend to ignore the possible risks involving online dating. They are willing to release personal information from pictures of oneself, to locations of where they work, or live just for the possibility of finding a companion. The online users have to ask themselves: is the risk worth it in the end, or does the benefit outweighs the cost? When searching for a companionship through online dating websites, negative aspects such as profiles, self-presentation, self-disclosure, predators and sexual mishaps, may outweigh the positive aspects and cause more problems and strife then actual good.
Facebook is a helpful website that allows people to build relationships and stay in touch with friends and relatives. People first create a personal profile to let users know more about the people they interact with online. This personal profile includes “personal information (birth date, gender, hometown), general preferences (movies, music, books), and status (student, alumni, current occupation)” (“Facebook”). This section of Facebook allows people to get to know the person better and to see if there are common interests that could eventually start conversations and build friendships. People enjoy social interactions and are “driven, primarily, by a desire to stay connected to and involved in the lives of friends who live close by, far away, or have just entered into their lives” (Henig and Henig). It is hard to see friends or relatives who live far away, so Facebook is a great source to stay in touch. Since people are connected with friends and relatives online, it keeps them from loosing touch with their relationships. Modern relationships “flow between flesh and technolo...
There are many positive sides to forming relationships via the internet. Online communities may offer a safe environment for the user to feel welcome and among peers due to commonalities between themselves. Using the internet to form relationships may benefit the user by providing mental stimulation, an increase in self esteem due to receiving praise from others, and by comparing oneself to others (Zywica & Danowski, 2008, p.8).
Holmes and Rempel looked at the different issues people had with trusting their partner. The participants had to go through a couple of different tests to see how trust issues interfered with the relationships they shared. This research goes over how an individual gains trust and how certain factors can affect it. An individual?s personal experiences could even affect a relationship they share. They may have gotten traumatized before. This also shows how one person in a relationship trusts their partner, and then how another set of participants in another relationship have problems.