Power Distribution& Utilization
Assignment#03
Batteries & Electrochemical Processes
Batteries:
A battery is defined as the combination of one or more electrochemical cells and used to convert the stored chemical energy in to electrical energy.
In 1800, a scientist Volta first invented the battery which is known as voltaic pile. The construction of voltaic pile is the pairs of copper and zinc plates placed on top of each other and separated by a layer of cloth or cardboard dipped in brine known as electrolyte.
Electrochemical Processes:
Electrochemical process is the chemical reaction happen due to movement of electrical current. The process is type of redox reaction in which a loss or gain electron happen between two substances. Many electrochemical
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This type of charger used in nickel cadmium and nickel hydride cells.
Taper Current:
This type charging done from unregulated constant voltage. This type charging is not controlled and the current vanishes the cell voltage. Due to this there would be a cause of cell damaging due to overcharging. To avoid this the rate of charging and duration should be limited.
Pulsed charge:
The pulsed charger provide the current to battery in pulses. The rate of charging is controlled by the width of pulses about one second. During the process of charging milli second’s periods allow the chemical reaction to stabilize and due to this no gas is produced and safe charging is happen.
Electro plating
The Electroplating is the process of a metal coating to a metallic surface by an electrochemical process. The object to be plated is made cathode (negative electrode) of an electrolysis cell through which a direct electric current is passed. The object is dipped in an aqueous solution. The output metal in an oxidized form, either as a cation or a complex ion. The Anode is usually a piece of metal being
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The chemical change is that in which the material loses or gains electron (oxidation or reduction). The process is proceed in an electrolytic cell, an apparatus consisting of positive and negative electrodes placed apart and placed in a solution contains positive and negatively charged ions. The material to be transformed can be form the electrode, may constitute the solution, or may be dissolved in the solution. Electric current enters through the negatively charged electrode (cathode) positively charged components of the solution travel to this electrode, combine with the electrons, and are transformed to neutral elements or molecules. The negatively charged components of the solution travel to the other electrode (anode), release their electrons, and transformed into neutral elements. If the substance which is to be transformed is the electrode, the reaction is generally one in which the electrode dissolves by giving up
Keefer, D. M. (2009, September 3). The Canadian Charger. Retrieved May 15, 2014, from The Canadian Charger: http://www.thecanadiancharger.com/page.php?id=5&a=115
A chemical reaction is a process in which the rearrangement of the molecular or ionic structure of a substance is transformed physically or chemically. If the reaction occurs, the starting products will always be different from the products. They also involve the motion of electrons which leads to buildup and breakdown of chemical bonds. There are six types of chemical reactions including Synthesis, Decomposition, Single Replacement, Double Replacement, Combustion, and Acid Base. Each reaction has their own unique characteristics that make them special.
“Chemistry is the study of substances; their properties, structure, and the changes they undergo” (Lower). Chemistry is the study of all the stuff in the world and especially how they change. My experiment deals mostly with the change of substances. Some of the concepts involved in my experiment are Oxidation/Reduction (redox) reactions, electrolysis, pH, and electrical currents. A redox reaction is a reaction in which there is a transfer of electrons from one substance to another. There are two paired parts to a redox reaction: the oxidation and the reduction. The oxidation is the loss of electrons while the reduction is the gain of electrons. They always occur together because one substance has to receive the electrons that another substance is giving up. Electrolysis is a process where electricity goes through a liquid, which causes chemical reactions to occur. pH is the measure of how acidic or basic something is. More exactly, it is, at least indirectly, the number of hydrogen ions there are in a liter of solution. A hydrogen ion is a hydroge...
Table 3.2, located below, shows the battery pack characterization. The table shows the voltage of the battery and the current through the battery as a function of time.
Electrochemistry is a large branch in the disciplines of chemistry. Within electrochemistry, cyclic voltammetry is a method in which compounds undergo reduction and oxidation. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) offers methods in acquiring kinetic information, synthesis, mechanisms, and quantitative information about a species, reactions, or a compound. Cyclic voltammetry offers methods in
Therefore any changes in the cell are ascribable to the working electrode. The control of potential of working electrode with respect to reference electrode is equivalent of the controlling of energy of electrons within the working electrode. As shown in Fig. 1.3, scanning the potential in the negative direction makes the electrode a stronger reductant, whereas scanning the potential in the positive direction makes it a better
Metals contain a sea of electrons (which are negatively charged) and which flow throughout the metal. This is what allows electric current to flow so well in all metals. An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the wiring of the circuit to a gas or electrolyte. A compound that conducts in a solution is called an electrolyte. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode.
Electrolyte can be defined as the aqueous or molten substances which when dissolved in a solvent dissociates into ions and can transmit negatively charged ions.
These reasons are why Lithium-Ion Batteries are some of the most viable options when designing new gadgets. But, the structure of these batteries are why these batteries are being used for new gadgets. A Lithium-Ion Batt...
This is the most common battery that people use today like Energizer or Duracle batteries. The most common form of a primary cell is the Leclanche cell, invented by a French chemist Georges Leclanche in the 1860s. The electrolyte for this battery consisted of a mixture of ammonium chloride and zinc chloride made into a paste. The negative electrode is zinc, and is the outside shell of the cell, and the positive electrode is a carbon rod that runs through the center of the cell. This rod is surrounded by a mixture of carbon and manganese dioxide. This battery produces about 1.5 volts.
The electrolyte (solution) contains negative and positive ions. For electrolysis to work there must be the same amount of positive ions to negative ions so that the solution is electrically balanced. A solution of metal compounds can only conduct electricity if it is balanced. The negative ions are attracted to the anode (+ve electrode) and the positive ions (protons) are attracted to the cathode (-ve electrode). The electrolyte effect the amount of atoms attracted.
Electroplating Experiment Aim To find the amount copper gains or loses on the electrodes using different amounts of current each time during electrolysis. How the changing of current affects the electroplating of copper. Introduction Electroplating is generally carried out in order to improve the appearance or corrosion resistance of the surface of a metal by electrodepositing a thin layer of metal ion on it. The metal substrate to be coated is made by the cathode in an electrolytic cell. The cell used in electroplating contains an electrolyte which is usually an aqueous solution containing a reasonably high concentration of an ion of the metal which is to be electroplated on the surface.
The invention and development of the battery would have to be one of the most significant in human history. Without batteries, the world would be a very different place. Everything would be plugged in and nothing would be mobile. There are many types of batteries that work in many different ways, but they all have the same common goal of making lives easier. Some examples of these batteries are lithium-ion, lead-acid, and nickel-cadmium.
An electrode is a component of an electric circuit that connects the conventional wiring of the circuit to a conducting medium such as an electrolyte or a gas. The electrically positive electrode is called the anode and the negative electrode the cathode. If an anode and a cathode are placed in a solution of an electrolyte and a source of direct current is connected between them, the positive ions in the
At the cathode the hydrogen ions gain an electron. They are discharged and are converted into hydrogen gas: 2H (+) + 2e (-) → H2 At the anode, the hydroxide, not the sulphate ions are discharged. Water and oxygen gas are formed: 4OH (-) → 2 H2O + O2 + 4e (-) The hydrogen gas can be collected and measured. The greater the volume of hydrogen gas formed over a set period of time, the faster electrolysis is occurring.