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Outline the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Outline the pathophysiology of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Pathophysiology of diabetes type 1 essay
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Diabetes Mellitus is the seventh leading cause of death, blindness and amputation in the United States. Diabetes is not categorized as one single disease but a group of complications with glucose intolerance in common. It is a metabolic disorder characterized as hyperglycemia which results from a decreased insulin production, secretion and usage. Diabetes also increases the risk of renal disease, heart disease, vascular disease, neuropathy, retinopathy and cerebral vascular accidents. Regular exercise and healthy eating play an important role in the prevention of diabetes mellitus. There are two types of diabetes. Type 1 Insulin Dependent diabetes mellitus or juvenile diabetes “usually appears before the age of 30 and is brought on by an …show more content…
The three classic signs of diabetes mellitus are polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia. Clients with type 1 diabetes mellitus will experience weight loss, fatigue and increased infections. Where as type 2 diabetes mellitus clients will present obesity, fatigue and increased infections. In many cases of people with type 1 diabetes mellitus they inherit it from their parents and it is most common in Caucasians of both sexes. Some things that can trigger a person’s type 1 diabetes to develop more would be, colder climates and viral infections. Sedentary lifestyle influences the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity is more likely to run in the family. Researchers believe that exercising and weight management can delay and prevent type 2 …show more content…
The client would experience paresthesias (numbness and tingling) in their extremities which can be controlled with medication. Another complication would be retinopathy. Legal blindness is 25 times more likely in a client with diabetes. Maintaining blood glucose levels decreases their risk of diabetic retinopathy. Erectile dysfunction occurs at a higher rate and earlier among men with diabetes as compared with men in the general population and is related to poor glucose control. People with diabetes mellitus should acquire meal plans and diets individualized for themselves because it is optimal for positive health outcomes. As Beto (2009) states, “multiple nutritional parameters need to be monitored including energy balance, protein intake, mineral control (sodium, potassium, calcium and phosphorus), fluid requirements, and coordination of carbohydrates to achieve glycemic control” (p.1) These diets should include carbohydrates from fruit, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, low fat milk, ice tea, and
Type 1 diabetes mellitus also known as juvenile diabetes is a serious condition in which the pancreas produces a small amount or no insulin at all. Insulin is a hormone the body needs to transfer sugar into cells to create energy. This disease is most common in children, but can occur in adults around their late 30’s to early 40’s. Unlike patients with type 2 diabetes, type 1 diabetes patients are not usually overweight.
Case study: Carol is 17 years old and was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at the age of 7 years. Carol has had a recent hospital admission for dehydration and high blood glucose. During the admission Carol was found to be 6 weeks pregnant. Prior to the admission she had been experiencing weight loss and changes in mood.
Diabetes education is a structured education and self-management (at diagnosis and regularly reviewed and reinforced) to promote awareness. Diet and lifestyle, healthy diet, weight loss if the person is overweight, smoking cessation, regular physical exercise. Maximizing glucose control while minimizing adverse effects of treatment such as hypoglycemia. Reduction of other risk factors for complications of diabetes, including the early detection and management of hypertension, drug treatment to modify lipid levels and consideration of antiplatelet therapy with aspirin. Early intervention for complications of diabetes,, including cardiovascular disease, feet problems, eye problems, kidney problems and neuropathy.
2. Compare and contrast the possible causes of Type 1 Diabetes and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes is a chronic disorder of metabolism characterized by a partial or complete deficiency of the hormone insulin. With this, there are metabolic adjustments that occur everywhere in the body. Specific to this child is Type One Diabetes. This is characterized by demolition of the pancreatic beta cells, which produce insulin. Because of this, it leads to complete insulin deficiency. Within Type One diabetes, there are two different forms. First there is immune-mediated deficiency, which typically results from an autoimmune destruction of the beta cells. The second type is called idiopathic type one, in which the cause is unknown. (Wong, Hockenberry, Wilson, 2015)
Diabetes is a disease in which a person’s body in unable to make or utilize insulin properly which affects blood sugar levels. Insulin is a hormone that is produced in the pancreas, which helps to regulate glucose (sugar) levels, break down carbohydrates and fats, and is essential to produce the body’s energy. The CDC (2013) offers reliable insight, summarized here, into the different types of diabetes, some causes, and health complications that may arise from the disease.
Diabetes is a disease that affects the body’s ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy. Diabetes falls into two main categories: type 1, or juvenile diabetes, which usually occurs during childhood or adolescence, and type 2, or adult-onset diabetes, the most common form of the disease, usually occurring after age 40. Type 1 results from the body’s immune system attacking the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. The onset of juvenile diabetes is much higher in the winter than in the summer. This association has been repeatedly confirmed in diabetes research. Type 2 is characterized by “insulin resistance,” or an inability of the cells to use insulin, sometimes accompanied by a deficiency in insulin production. There is also sometimes a third type of diabetes considered. It is gestational diabetes, which occurs when the body is not able to properly use insulin during pregnancy. Type 2 diabetes encompasses nine out of 10 diabetic cases. Diabetes is the fifth-deadliest disease in the United States, and it has no cure. The total annual economic cost of diabetes in 2002 was estimated to be $132 billion, or one out of every 10 health care dollars spent in the United States. Diabetes risk factors can fall into three major categories: family history, obesity, and impaired glucose tolerance. Minority groups and elderly are at the greatest risk of developing diabetes.
The purpose of this study is to research the disease Type 2 Diabetes and to discover whether it is being effectively treated and prevented in Merced County, California. According to the National Institutes of Health, Diabetes Mellitus is “a lifelong (chronic) disease in which there are high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood. It is also the most common form of Diabetes”.1 Furthermore, there are many risk and lifestyle factors associated with this disease, but the most prevalent are; obesity (#1 risk factor), sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy eating habits, family history and genetics, increased age, high blood pressure and high cholesterol, and a history of gestational diabetes.2 The long term complications of having type 2 diabetes can include but are not limited to; eye problems (cataracts and glaucoma), foot problems (neuropathy/ nerve damage), skin problems (infections), high blood pressure (which raises your risk for heart attack, stroke, eye problems and kidney disease), hearing loss, oral health, mental health and early death.3
Type 1 diabetes will be the first case that we will discuss. People get type 1 diabetes from the body not producing enough insulin. Inside your body your immune system sees insulin as being foreign so at that point it begins attack it (University Of Miami). Most people who get type 1 diabetes get it before they turn 40 years old (Medical News Today). Type 1 diabetes is not as common as the type 2 and only 10% of people who have diabetes have type 1.
There are many symptoms of type one diabetes. They include drinking irritability, excessive urination, extreme weight loss, feeling very hungry or tired, sores that don’t heal and blurry eyesight. The cause of type one diabetes is unknown, although genetic tendency and childhood infections are two possibilities. The pancreas undergoes a change and cells that normally produce insulin are destroyed. This may be a result of the body’s own immune system believing the pancreas is a foreign organ. Also, type one diabetes often appears at times of physical stress and during illness when the body produces extra ...
Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic health condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is higher than usual. Type 1 diabetes occurs when the pancreas does not create enough insulin and type 2 diabetes occurs when insulin is produced, but is not adequate in lowering blood glucose levels or there is resistance to the insulin (Edwards, 2007, p. 9). Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of end-stage kidney disease, foot and leg amputations, and new cases of blindness in the United States (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010, p. 1465-66). People with type 1 diabetes are required to take insulin to manage their glucose levels. People with type 2 diabetes are usually prescribed oral medications such as sulfonylurea agents, meglitinide analogues, or biguanides to help control their glucose levels. Twenty to 30% of people with type 2 diabetes require insulin therapy as well (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2010, p. 1471). In addition to medication therapy, diet and weight control can help manage both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Because diabetes mellitus can cause such severe complications, it is important that people with diabetes understand the importance of certain health and lifestyle choices, such as their diet and weight to manage their disease. Patients with diabetes mellitus should pay special attention to the amount of carbohydrates, protein, fat, and minerals that are included in their diet. Monitoring these components of their diet, along with weight management, can help control their diabetes mellitus.
Diabetes is a common disease, which can be a serious, life-long illness caused by high levels of glucose in the blood. This condition is when the body cannot produce insulin or lack of insulin production from the beta cells in the islet of Langerhans in the pancreas. Diabetes can cause other health problems over time. Eye, kidneys, and nerves can get damaged and chances of stroke are always high. Because of the serious complications, the purposes of teaching a plan for diabetes patients are to optimize blood glucose control, optimize quality of life, and prevent chronic and potentially life-threatening complications.
Before discussing how exercise affects diabetes it is important for one to know what diabetes is. “Diabetes is a disorder of metabolism-the way our bodies use digested food for growth and energy”(Gerdes 13). There are two different types of diabetes, type I and type II. Type I diabetics are insulin dependent; their bodies produce little or no insulin (Beaser and Hill 8). Type I diabetes, also known as juvenile diabetes is usually diagnosed in children or young adults. Type I diabetes is unpreventable, while type II can be prevented or delayed. Although type II diabetes can be diagnosed at any age, it is usually diagnosed in adulthood, but recently more children have been diagnosed. Both types of diabetes pose a risk for serious complications. “Diabetes remains the leading cause of blindness and kidney failure. It also continues to be a critical risk factor for heart disease, stroke, and foot or leg amputations”(Diabetes: Differences).
Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorders which is characterized by hyperglycemia due to insulin deficiency or resistance or both reasons. (1) According to that diabetes mellitus can be divided as type I and type II. This is common and its incidence is rising, 171 million people had diabetes in 2000 it is expected this condition to be doubled in 2030. It is spread in all the countries and therefore has become a major burden upon healthcare facilities. (2)
Diabetes Mellitus is a disease in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body’s tissues absorb glucose which is sugar, so it can be used as a source of energy. Glucose levels build up in the blood and urine which causes excessive urination, thirst, hunger, and problems with fat and protein metabolism in a diabetic person. Diabetes is very common in the United States; it is the seventh leading cause of all deaths. Women have been diagnosed with diabetes more than men. There are two forms of diabetes, Type one and Type two diabetes. Type one diabetes is when the body does not produce insulin or produces it in very small quantities. This usually occurs in younger people under twenty years of age, mostly around puberty. Type two diabetes is when the body’s balance between insulin production and the ability of cells to use insulin doesn’t work properly. This is more common than type one; about 90-95% people in the United States have it. There are no cures for diabetes now but there are many researchers investigating factors through new technologies to cure them. Meanwhile, technological advancements are being made to keep glucose at a good level for diabetes.